Candesartan + Chlorthalidone Pharmacology

Candesartan + Chlorthalidone

About Candesartan + Chlorthalidone
N/A
Mechanism of Action of Candesartan + Chlorthalidone
N/A
Pharmacokinets of Candesartan + Chlorthalidone
N/A
Onset of Action for Candesartan + Chlorthalidone
N/A
Duration of Action for Candesartan + Chlorthalidone
N/A
Half Life of Candesartan + Chlorthalidone
N/A
Side Effects of Candesartan + Chlorthalidone
N/A
Contra-indications of Candesartan + Chlorthalidone
N/A
Special Precautions while taking Candesartan + Chlorthalidone
N/A
Pregnancy Related Information
Contraindicated
Old Age Related Information
N/A
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated
Children Related Information
N/A
Indications for Candesartan + Chlorthalidone
Hypertension
Interactions for Candesartan + Chlorthalidone
N/A
Typical Dosage for Candesartan + Chlorthalidone
Adult: 1 tablet to be taken once daily
Schedule of Candesartan + Chlorthalidone
N/A
Storage Requirements for Candesartan + Chlorthalidone
N/A
Effects of Missed Dosage of Candesartan + Chlorthalidone
N/A
Effects of Overdose of Candesartan + Chlorthalidone
N/A

Candesartan

About Candesartan
Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist, Antihypertensive agents.
Mechanism of Action of Candesartan
It is a competitive antagonist of angiotensin-2 at AT-1 receptor. It decreases peripheral resistance and lowers BP in hypertensive individuals. It blocks all actions of angiotensin-2 such as: - 1. Vasoconstriction, 2. Central & Peripheral sympathetic stimulus, 3. Release of aldosterone and adrenaline, 4. Salt and water reabsorption, 5. Central actions like thirst, vasopressin release, and growth promoting actions on heart and blood vessels.
Pharmacokinets of Candesartan
Absorption: Rapidly and compleately absorbed orally, Distribution: Widely distributed in to the body in a protein bound form, Metabolism: Undergoes minor hepatic metabolism by ortho-deethylation to an inactive metabolite. Excretion: Excreted through faeces and urine.
Onset of Action for Candesartan
Within 3 to 4hours
Duration of Action for Candesartan
24 hours
Half Life of Candesartan
8 to 12hours
Side Effects of Candesartan
1.Dizziness
2.Swelling of lips face tongue
3.Headache
4.Coughing
5.Bronchitis
6.Chest pain
7.Edema
8.Nausea
9.Vomiting
10.Abdominal pain
11.Diarrhoea
12.Pharyngitis
13.Rhinitis
14.Sinusitis
15.Upper respiratory tract infections
16.Weakness
17.Myalgia
18.Fetopathic
19.Precipitate renal failure in renal artery stenosis and in insufficient renal blood flow
20.Rashes
21.Albuminuria
Contra-indications of Candesartan
Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Special Precautions while taking Candesartan
1.Renal impairment
2.Hepatic impairment
3.Heart failure
4.Aortic or mitral valve stenosis
5.Obstructive cardiomyopathy
6.Volume depleted and salt depleted individuals
7.Patient should be cautiously involve in driving or operating heavy machinery during therapy,
8.Avoid alcohol
9.Hyperkalemia
10.Use caution while taking potassium sparing diuretics
Pregnancy Related Information
Contraindicated
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated
Children Related Information
Contraindicated
Indications for Candesartan
Hypertension.
Interactions for Candesartan
No significant drug interactions have been reported when candesartan cilexetil is given with other drugs such as glyburide, nifedipine, digoxin, warfarin, hydrochlorothazide and oral contraceptives in healthy volunteers.
Typical Dosage for Candesartan
Starts with 16mg once daily. Usual dose range is 8 to32mg/day as once daily or two divided doses.
Schedule of Candesartan
H
Storage Requirements for Candesartan
Store at room temperature at a range of 15 to 30 degree C. protects from direct heat and light and store in a tightly closed container.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Candesartan
Take the missed dose as soon as remember; If it is the time of next dose then skip the missed dose and take the regular dose
Effects of Overdose of Candesartan
Treatment is supportive and symptomatic. If hypotension occur kept patient in supine position and if required give I.V. infusion of normal saline.

Chlorthalidone

About Chlorthalidone
Monosulfamyl diuretic, long acting phthalimidine derivative, thiazides like diuretic, Antihypertensive/diuretic
Mechanism of Action of Chlorthalidone
It is long acting phthalimidine derivative exerts thiazides like diuretic action by acting at site-3(central dilating segment of early distal tubule). It binds to Na+-Cl- symporter and inhibits Na+-Cl- symport at the luminal membrane. It has additional carbonic anhydrase inhibitory actions in proximal tubules. It increases natriuresis, kaliuresis and diuresis. It decreases Ca2+ excretion and increases Mg2+ and hence used to correct hypocalcaemia associated with hypoparathyroidism. The antihypertensive actions of the drug may be attributable to depletion of sodium and subsequent reduction in plasma volume and a decrease in peripheral resistance. Decrease in peripheral resistance is due to either the loss of sodium from the arteriolar wall or a direct action on the vascular bed. It is an effective drug in edema associated with congestive heart failure.
Pharmacokinets of Chlorthalidone
Absorption: Slowly absorbed after oral administration. Distribution: It preferentially bound to renal tissues for prolonged periods. Metabolism: It is not significantly metabolized in the body. Excretion: Excreted mainly through urine and a small portion is excreted through bile.
Onset of Action for Chlorthalidone
1 to 3 hours
Duration of Action for Chlorthalidone
48 to 72 hours
Half Life of Chlorthalidone
40 to 50 hours
Side Effects of Chlorthalidone
1.Dizziness
2.Nausea
3.Diarrhoea
4.Vomiting
5.Dry mouth
6.Weakness
7.Hypokalaemia
8.Hyponatraemia
9.Hyperuricaemia
10.Elevated levels of glucose, calcium, and lipids
11.Altered liver function tests
12.Altered kidney function tests
13.Gastro intestinal disturbances
14.Impotence
15.Visual impairment
16.Electrolyte imbalance
17.Jaundice
18.Ototoxicity
Contra-indications of Chlorthalidone
1.Hypersensitivity to the drug
2.Hypokalaemia
3.Hyperuricaemia
4.Renal impairment
5.Hepatic impairment
6.Anuria
7.Hyponatraemia
8.Hypercalcaemia
9.Addison`s disease
10.Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
Special Precautions while taking Chlorthalidone
1.Gout
2.Hepatic diseases
3.Renal impairment
4.Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
5.Hyperlipidaemia
6.Severe heart failure
7.Cirrhosis
8.Diabetes mellitus
9.Ventricular extra systoles
Pregnancy Related Information
Contraindicated
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Indications for Chlorthalidone
1.Hypertension
2.Oedema associated with heart failure
3.Oedema due to renal and hepatic diseases
4.Ascites due to cirrhosis.
Interactions for Chlorthalidone
Cholestyramine & Colestipol : decrease absorption of chlorthalidone.
Diazoxide : Additive action may cause hyperglycemia, hyperuricaemia and hypotension.
Digitalis : Diuretic induced hypokalaemia may precipitate digitalis toxicity.
Lithium : Chlorthalidone potentiates therapeutic and toxic effects by decreasing its renal excretion.
Frusemide :Synergy leading to profound diuresis and greater than predicted electrolyte loss.
Non-depolarizing muscle relaxants : Diuretic induced hypokalaemia enhances efficacy.
Sulfonylureas : Efficacy decreased due to chlorthalidone induced glucose intolerance.
Chlorpropamide : Hypokalemia.
Propantheline : Bioavailability of chlorthalidone increased.
Metoclopramide : Bioavailability of chlorthalidone decreased.
NSAID?s : Natriuretic effect of chlorthalidone decreased.
Typical Dosage for Chlorthalidone
Adult:
Hypertension: 25mg daily. Increased to 50mg if required; depending up on the patient`s response.
Oedema: Starts with 50mg. Increased to 100 to 200mg on alternate days; if required.
Maintenance dosage: 25 to 50mg daily or on alternate days.
Children: Hypertension:2mg/kg/day; thrice a week.
Schedule of Chlorthalidone
G
Storage Requirements for Chlorthalidone
Store at a cool dry place; and at a temperature below 30 degree C. in a well closed container.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Chlorthalidone
N/A
Effects of Overdose of Chlorthalidone
Treatment is supportive and symptomatic. Remove drug from the body by induced emesis and gastric lavage. Monitor and support fluid and electrolyte balance.

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