Calcitriol + Eicosapentaenoic acid + Docosahexenoic acid + Mecobalamine + Folic Acid + Sodium Borate + Calcium Pharmacology

Calcitriol + Eicosapentaenoic acid + Docosahexenoic acid + Mecobalamine + Folic Acid + Sodium Borate + Calcium

About Calcitriol + Eicosapentaenoic acid + Docosahexenoic acid + Mecobalamine + Folic Acid + Sodium Borate + Calcium
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Mechanism of Action of Calcitriol + Eicosapentaenoic acid + Docosahexenoic acid + Mecobalamine + Folic Acid + Sodium Borate + Calcium
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Pharmacokinets of Calcitriol + Eicosapentaenoic acid + Docosahexenoic acid + Mecobalamine + Folic Acid + Sodium Borate + Calcium
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Onset of Action for Calcitriol + Eicosapentaenoic acid + Docosahexenoic acid + Mecobalamine + Folic Acid + Sodium Borate + Calcium
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Duration of Action for Calcitriol + Eicosapentaenoic acid + Docosahexenoic acid + Mecobalamine + Folic Acid + Sodium Borate + Calcium
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Half Life of Calcitriol + Eicosapentaenoic acid + Docosahexenoic acid + Mecobalamine + Folic Acid + Sodium Borate + Calcium
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Side Effects of Calcitriol + Eicosapentaenoic acid + Docosahexenoic acid + Mecobalamine + Folic Acid + Sodium Borate + Calcium
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Contra-indications of Calcitriol + Eicosapentaenoic acid + Docosahexenoic acid + Mecobalamine + Folic Acid + Sodium Borate + Calcium
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Special Precautions while taking Calcitriol + Eicosapentaenoic acid + Docosahexenoic acid + Mecobalamine + Folic Acid + Sodium Borate + Calcium
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Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Indications for Calcitriol + Eicosapentaenoic acid + Docosahexenoic acid + Mecobalamine + Folic Acid + Sodium Borate + Calcium
1.Calcium deficiency states
2.Osteoporosis
3.Rickets
4.Osteomalacia
5.Supplement
Interactions for Calcitriol + Eicosapentaenoic acid + Docosahexenoic acid + Mecobalamine + Folic Acid + Sodium Borate + Calcium
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Typical Dosage for Calcitriol + Eicosapentaenoic acid + Docosahexenoic acid + Mecobalamine + Folic Acid + Sodium Borate + Calcium
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Schedule of Calcitriol + Eicosapentaenoic acid + Docosahexenoic acid + Mecobalamine + Folic Acid + Sodium Borate + Calcium
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Storage Requirements for Calcitriol + Eicosapentaenoic acid + Docosahexenoic acid + Mecobalamine + Folic Acid + Sodium Borate + Calcium
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Effects of Missed Dosage of Calcitriol + Eicosapentaenoic acid + Docosahexenoic acid + Mecobalamine + Folic Acid + Sodium Borate + Calcium
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Effects of Overdose of Calcitriol + Eicosapentaenoic acid + Docosahexenoic acid + Mecobalamine + Folic Acid + Sodium Borate + Calcium
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Calcitriol

About Calcitriol
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Mechanism of Action of Calcitriol
Calcitriol is a 1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol or a Vitamin D analogue. It increases the absorption of Calcium from intestine by forming a calcium binding protein. It reverses the signs of rickets and osteomalacia.
Pharmacokinets of Calcitriol
Absorption: It is readily absorbed after oral administration. Distribution: It is widely distributed in protein bound form. Metabolism: It undergoes metabolism in the liver and kidney. Excretion: It is excreted mainly in the faeces.
Onset of Action for Calcitriol
2 - 6 hours
Duration of Action for Calcitriol
3 - 5 days
Half Life of Calcitriol
3 - 8 hours
Side Effects of Calcitriol
1. Nausea
2. Vomiting
3. Constipation
4. Headache
5. Somnolence
6. Weakness
7. Hypertension
8. Bone and muscle pain
9. Pruritus
10. Weight loss
11. Polyuria
12. Metallic taste
13. Anorexia
14. Dry mouth
Contra-indications of Calcitriol
1. Hypercalcaemia
2. Metastatic calcification
3. Plasma phosphorus level greater than 6 mg/dl


Special Precautions while taking Calcitriol
1.Liver impairment
2.Renal impairment
3.Monitor plasma calcium and creatinine in patients receiving high doses
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Indications for Calcitriol
1.Management of Hypocalcaemia
2.Management of hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism
Interactions for Calcitriol
N/A
Typical Dosage for Calcitriol
Adult:
Oral:
Management of hypocalcaemia:0.25mcg/day.Dosage can be increased by 0.25mcg/day at 1 - 2 month interval.Maintenance dose:0.25 - 1 mcg/ day.
Management of hypoparathyroidism and psedohypothyroidism:0.25mcg/day in the morning and dosage can be incresed at 2 - 4 week intervals.Maintenance dose: 0.5 - 2 mcg/day
Children:above 6 years:same as adult dose
Children 1 - 5 years: 0.25 - 0.75mcg/day
Schedule of Calcitriol
N/A
Storage Requirements for Calcitriol
Store in a well closed container.Protect from heat,light and moisture.Keep out of the reach of children.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Calcitriol
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose.Do not double the dose.Continue the regular schedule.
Effects of Overdose of Calcitriol
Give supportive mesures and symptomatic treatment.

Eicosapentaenoic Acid

About Eicosapentaenoic Acid
An omega-3 fatty acid, Essential fatty acid, dietary supplement, Anti atherosclerotic.
Mechanism of Action of Eicosapentaenoic Acid
Eicosapentaenoic acid is an omega-3 fatty acid. It is found with Docosapentaenoic acid. Omega-3 fatty acids are of polyunsaturated fatty acids that derives from food. They help to lower triglycerides and cholesterol and increase HDL cholesterol (the Good cholesterol) and thus improves lipid profile. Omega 3 fatty acids may also act as an anticoagulant to prevent blood clotting. They have anti-inflammatory actions and also lower high blood pressure. The incorporation of Omega-3 fatty acids in the membranes of the cells increases the physicochemical stability and functional integrity. It also makes the cells less susceptible to oxidative damage and also decreases the formation of lipid peroxidases. They protect from cardiovascular disorders and may also reduce the risks and symptoms for other disorders including diabetes, dementia, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, stroke, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, mental decline, and some cancers. They aid in proper functioning of central nervous system.
Hypolipidaemic action: It produces a reduction in plasma triglycerides by reducing bad cholesterol or very low density lipoproteins.
Antiinflammatory action: Omega - 3 fatty acids are long chain poly unsaturated fatty acids.They compete with arachidonic acid for cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase They inhibits inflammatory mediators by inhibiting leukotriene synthesis pathway.
Antithrombotic effect: They promote vasodilatation, a reduction in platelet aggregation, increased bleeding time and decreased platelet counts
Pharmacokinets of Eicosapentaenoic Acid
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Onset of Action for Eicosapentaenoic Acid
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Duration of Action for Eicosapentaenoic Acid
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Half Life of Eicosapentaenoic Acid
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Side Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid
1.Loose stools
2.Abdominal discomfort
3.Belching
4.Prolong bleeding time slightly
5.Nausea
6.Vomiting
7.Diarrhoea
Contra-indications of Eicosapentaenoic Acid
Hypersensitivity to the drug
Special Precautions while taking Eicosapentaenoic Acid
1.Haemorrhagic disorders
2.Patient on anticoagulants therapy
3.Hepatic impairment
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Infants:Contraindicated
Indications for Eicosapentaenoic Acid
1.Coronary artery disease
2.Hypertension
3.Atherosclerosis related disorders
4.Obesity
5.Fatty diet
6.Hyperlipidaemia
7.Smoking
8.Diabetes
Interactions for Eicosapentaenoic Acid
N/A
Typical Dosage for Eicosapentaenoic Acid
180mg once or twice daily
Schedule of Eicosapentaenoic Acid
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Storage Requirements for Eicosapentaenoic Acid
Store in airtight containers. Protect from light.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Eicosapentaenoic Acid
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Eicosapentaenoic Acid
Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment.

Docosahexenoic Acid

About Docosahexenoic Acid
An omega-3 fatty acid(polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFAs), An essential fatty acid, brain food ,Antiatherosclerotic.
Mechanism of Action of Docosahexenoic Acid
It is found with Eicosapentaenoic acid. Omega-3 fatty acids are of polyunsaturated fatty acids that derives from food. They help to lower triglycerides and cholesterol and increase HDL cholesterol (the Good cholesterol) and thus improves lipid profile. Omega 3 fatty acids may also act as an anticoagulant to prevent blood clotting. They have anti-inflammatory actions and also lower high blood pressure. The incorporation of Omega-3 fatty acids in the membranes of the cells increases the physicochemical stability and functional integrity. It also makes the cells less susceptible to oxidative damage and also decreases the formation of lipid peroxidases. They protect from cardiovascular disorders and may also reduce the risks and symptoms for other disorders including diabetes, dementia, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, stroke, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, mental decline, and some cancers. They aid in proper functioning of central nervous system.
Hypolipidaemic action: It produces a reduction in plasma triglycerides by reducing bad cholesterol or very low density lipoproteins.
Antiinflammatory action: Omega - 3 fatty acids are long chain poly unsaturated fatty acids.They compete with arachidonic acid for cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase They inhibits inflammatory mediators by inhibiting leukotriene synthesis pathway.
Antithrombotic effect: They promote vasodilatation, a reduction in platelet aggregation, increased bleeding time and decreased platelet counts
Pharmacokinets of Docosahexenoic Acid
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Onset of Action for Docosahexenoic Acid
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Duration of Action for Docosahexenoic Acid
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Half Life of Docosahexenoic Acid
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Side Effects of Docosahexenoic Acid
1.Loose stools
2.Abdominal discomfort
3.Belching
4.Prolong bleeding time slightly
5.Nausea
6.Vomiting
7.Diarrhoea
8.Constipation
Contra-indications of Docosahexenoic Acid
Hypersensitivity to the drug
Special Precautions while taking Docosahexenoic Acid
1.Haemorrhagic disorders
2.Patient on anticoagulants therapy
3.Hepatic impairment
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Infants: Contraindicated
Indications for Docosahexenoic Acid
1.Coronary artery disease
2.Hypertension
3.Atherosclerosis related disorders
4.Obesity
5.Fatty diet
6.Hyperlipidaemia
7.Smoking
8.Diabetes
Interactions for Docosahexenoic Acid
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Typical Dosage for Docosahexenoic Acid
120 - 240 mg / day in single or 2 divided dose with Eicosapentaenoic acid.
Schedule of Docosahexenoic Acid
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Storage Requirements for Docosahexenoic Acid
Store in airtight containers. Protect from light.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Docosahexenoic Acid
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Docosahexenoic Acid
Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment.

About
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Mechanism of Action of
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Half Life of
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Side Effects of
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Contra-indications of
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Special Precautions while taking
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Pregnancy Related Information
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Old Age Related Information
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Breast Feeding Related Information
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Children Related Information
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Indications for
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Interactions for
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Typical Dosage for
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Storage Requirements for
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Effects of Missed Dosage of
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Folic Acid

About Folic Acid
Dietary supplement, Folate derivative( B9 ), Water Soluble Vitamin.
Mechanism of Action of Folic Acid
Folic acid reduced by enzymes folate reductase and dihydrofolate reductase and forms dihydrofolic acid tetrahydrofolic acid respectively. Tetrahydrofolic acid acts as a coenzyme which mediates a number of one carbon transfer reactions by carrying a methyl group as an adduct. It involves a number of reactions such as 1).conversion of homocysteine to methionine. 2).synthesis of thymidylate which is an essential constituent of DNA from methylene-tetrahydrofolic acid. 3). Conversion of serine to glycine by tetrahydrofolic acid and forms methylene-tetrahydrofolic acid. 4).to introduce carbon units at position 2 and 8 during de novo purine synthesis requires formyl-tetrahydrofolic acid and methenyl-tetrahydrofolic acid.5).generation and utilization of "formate pool". 6).For mediating formino group transfer in histidine metabolism. Folic acid is required to maintain normal erythropoiesis and nucleoprotein synthesis.
Pharmacokinets of Folic Acid
Absorption: Well absorbed orally
Distribution: Widely distributed in the body and highest concentration is seen in liver. It appears in the CSF and breast milk
Metabolism: Metabolized in to N-methyl tetrahydrofolic acid in liver
Excretion: Extra drug is excreted unchanged in urine. A small portion of folate is lost by a combination of urinary and fecal excretion and oxidative cleavage of molecule.
Onset of Action for Folic Acid
Oral: 20 to 30minutes
I.V.: 5 minutes
I.M.:10 to 20minutes
Duration of Action for Folic Acid
Oral: 3 to 6 hours
I.V.:3 to 6minutes
I.M.:3 to 6hours
Half Life of Folic Acid
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Side Effects of Folic Acid
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Contra-indications of Folic Acid
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Special Precautions while taking Folic Acid
1. In patients with undiagnosed anaemia; because it may mask pernicious anaemia
2. In pernicious anaemia and other megaloblastic where vitamin B12 is deficient
Pregnancy Related Information
May be used
Old Age Related Information
May be used
Breast Feeding Related Information
May be used
Children Related Information
May be used
Indications for Folic Acid
1. Megaloblastic anaemia
2. Folic acid deficiency
3. Anaemias of pregnancy
4. Nutritional anaemia
5. Alcoholism
6. Tropical sprue
7. Non tropical sprue
Interactions for Folic Acid
1. Hypersensitivity reactions with injection form
2. Bronchospasm
Typical Dosage for Folic Acid
Oral: 5mg 1 to 4 times daily; depending up on the severity of deficiency.
Maintenance dosage: Half of the therapeutic dosage.
Children: 2.5 to 5mg 1 to 2 times daily.
Schedule of Folic Acid
C1 (Oral)
C (Parenteral)
Storage Requirements for Folic Acid
Store at controlled room temperature at a range of 15 to 25 degree C in a well closed container. Protect from excess heat, light and moisture.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Folic Acid
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Folic Acid
Relatively non toxic. Provide symptomatic treatment and supportive measures.

Sodium borate

About Sodium borate
Boron compound, Cleaning product, mild antiseptic.
Mechanism of Action of Sodium borate
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Pharmacokinets of Sodium borate
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Onset of Action for Sodium borate
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Duration of Action for Sodium borate
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Half Life of Sodium borate
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Side Effects of Sodium borate
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Contra-indications of Sodium borate
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Special Precautions while taking Sodium borate
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Pregnancy Related Information
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Old Age Related Information
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Breast Feeding Related Information
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Children Related Information
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Indications for Sodium borate
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Interactions for Sodium borate
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Typical Dosage for Sodium borate
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Schedule of Sodium borate
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Storage Requirements for Sodium borate
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Effects of Missed Dosage of Sodium borate
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Effects of Overdose of Sodium borate
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Calcium

About Calcium
Calcium is necessary for cardiac function, muscle contraction, nervous activity, coagulation of blood and for maintaining structural integrity of cell membranes.
Plasma concentration of calcium is kept in normal range by three endocrine factors which control metabolism of calcium. These are (a) Parathyroid hormone, (b) Calcitonin, (c) Vitamin D. Calcium in plasma is bound to albumin, is complexed with anions (e.g. phosphate) and as diffusible ionic calcium. The physiological effects are exerted by ionic calcium. The predominant source of calcium is dairy products and the daily intake varies from 200 - 2500 mg. Adequate calcium intake is particularly important during periods of bone growth in childhood and adolescence and during pregnancy and lactation.
Patients with advanced renal insufficiency exhibit phosphate retention and some degree of hyperphosphataemia. The retention of phosphate plays a pivotal role in causing secondary hyperparathyroidism associated with osteodystrophy and soft tissue calcification. Calcium acetate, when taken with meals, combines with dietary phosphate to form insoluble calcium phosphate which is excreted in the faeces.
Deficiency signs and symptoms: Osteoporosis, pathological fractures, brittle nails and hair.
Mechanism of Action of Calcium
Calcium is essential for maintaining the functional integrity of nervous, muscular, and skeletal system. It controls excitability of nerves and muscles and regulates permeability of cell membrane. It also regulates cell adhesion and maintains integrity of cell membrane. Calcium acts as intracellular messenger for hormones, autacoids, and transmitters. It is required for excitation-contraction coupling in all types of muscle and excitation-secretion coupling in exocrine and endocrine glands. It is essential for release of transmitters from nerve endings and other release reactions. It is also essential for impulse generation in heart and determines level of automaticity and
A-V conduction. Calcium is also required for blood-coagulation.
Pharmacokinets of Calcium
Absorption: Actively absorbed from gastrointestinal tract in an ionized form; and vitamin D in it`s active form is required for calcium absorption, Distribution: Distributed mainly in to skeletal tissue (99%) and 1% is distributed equally between the intracellular and extra cellular fluid. CSF levels are about half of the serum calcium levels, Metabolism: Not significantly metabolized in the body, Excretion: Excreted mainly through faeces and a small amount is excreted through urine.
Onset of Action for Calcium
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Duration of Action for Calcium
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Half Life of Calcium
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Side Effects of Calcium
1.Constipation
2.Bloating
3.Excess gas
4.Anorexia
5.Nausea
6.Vomiting
7.Abdominal pain
8.Thirst
9.Hypercalcaemia
10.Polyuria
11.Dry mouth
12.Delirium
13.Confusion
Contra-indications of Calcium
1.Renal calculi
2.Hypophosphataemia
3.Hypercalcaemia
4.Ventricular fibrillation.
Special Precautions while taking Calcium
1.Renal impairment
2.Cardiac diseases
3.Sarcoidosis
4.Cor pulmonale
5.Respiratory acidosis
6.Respiratory failure
7.End stage renal failure
8.Hypoparathyroid patients
9.Digitalized patients
10.Prolonged use of therapeutic amounts.
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
May be used
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Indications for Calcium
1.Hypocalcaemia
2.Calcium and vitamin D deficiency
3.Calcium deficiency during pregnancy and lactation
4.Rickets
5.Prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women
6.Chronic renal failure.
Interactions for Calcium
N/A
Typical Dosage for Calcium
Oral: 500mg to 2g daily in two to four divided doses.
Hypocalcaemia:
Adults: 1g daily. Increases to 2g daily if required.
Prevention of osteoporosis: 1 to 1.5g daily.
Children: 45 to 65mg/kg daily.
Neonates: 50 to 150mg/kg and should not exceed 1g.

Schedule of Calcium
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Storage Requirements for Calcium
Store in a well closed container in a cool and dry place. Protect from light.


Effects of Missed Dosage of Calcium
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Calcium
Remove calcium from stomach by induced emesis and gastric lavage. Provide symptomatic treatment and supportive measures.

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