Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + Prochlorperazine Pharmacology

Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + Prochlorperazine

About Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + Prochlorperazine
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Mechanism of Action of Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + Prochlorperazine
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Pharmacokinets of Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + Prochlorperazine
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Onset of Action for Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + Prochlorperazine
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Duration of Action for Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + Prochlorperazine
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Half Life of Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + Prochlorperazine
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Side Effects of Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + Prochlorperazine
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Contra-indications of Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + Prochlorperazine
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Special Precautions while taking Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + Prochlorperazine
N/A
Pregnancy Related Information
Contraindicated
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated
Children Related Information
Contraindicated
Indications for Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + Prochlorperazine
1.Migraine
2.Vertigo
Interactions for Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + Prochlorperazine
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Typical Dosage for Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + Prochlorperazine
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Schedule of Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + Prochlorperazine
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Storage Requirements for Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + Prochlorperazine
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Effects of Missed Dosage of Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + Prochlorperazine
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Effects of Overdose of Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + Prochlorperazine
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Ergotamine

About Ergotamine
Ergot alkaloid, Alpha-adrenergic agonist, Anti migraine.
Mechanism of Action of Ergotamine
Ergotamine produces its therapeutic effects by constricting the dilated cranial vessel. Ergotamine reduces shunting of blood flow from carotid artery by specific constriction of the AV shunt channel and is useful in the treatment of migraine. Ergotamine is used in migraine unresponsive to non-opioid analgesics.
Ergotamine is an alpha adrenergic blocking agent with a direct stimulating effect on the smooth muscle of peripheral and cranial blood vessels. It produces serotonin antagonistic activity and depresses the vasomotor centre.
Pharmacokinets of Ergotamine
Absorption: Ergotamine is well absorbed after inhalation and rapidly and incompletely after oral administration. Its bioavailability is very low since it undergoes extensive first pass metabolism. Distribution: It is widely distributed in the body in protein bound form. Metabolism: It undergoes metabolism in the liver. Excretion: Drug and its metabolites are excreted primarily in bile and very small amount in urine also.
Onset of Action for Ergotamine
With in 30 minutes
Duration of Action for Ergotamine
36 hours
Half Life of Ergotamine
2.7 hours & 21 hours
Side Effects of Ergotamine
1.Nausea
2.Vomiting
3.Abdominal discomfort
4.Tingling in fingers and toes
5.Pre-cordial distress and pain
6.Muscle pain
7.Pruritis
Contra-indications of Ergotamine
1.Hypersensitivity to Ergotamine
2.Coronary vascular disease
3.Hypertension
4.Peripheral and occlusive vascular diseases
5.Sepsis
6.Renal impairment
7.Hepatic impairment
8.Ischemic heart diseases
Special Precautions while taking Ergotamine
1.Avoid alcohol and smoking
2.Drug should be discontinued at once after the occurrence of tingling in the fingers or toes
Pregnancy Related Information
Contraidicated
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution.
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution.
Children Related Information
Contraindicated.
NEONATES: contraindicated
Indications for Ergotamine
1. Prevention of vascular headache, migraine and cluster headache
Interactions for Ergotamine
Beta-Blockers, Methysergide & Smoking: Increased risk of vascular occlusion due to peripheral ischaemia.
Oral Contraceptives: Risk of thrombosis increased.
Marcrolides: Acute ergotism manifested as peripheral ischaemia.
Vasodilators: Dangerous hypertension may occur.
Sympathomimetic Agents like Adrenaline: Enhance vasoconstrictor effects.
Typical Dosage for Ergotamine
Adult:
Oral/sublingual: Initial dose: 2 mg repeat 1 - 2 mg every 30 minutes if needed.
Maximum daily dose: 6 mg / day
Maximum weekly dose: 10 mg / week
Inhalations: Initial dose: 1inhalations repeat the same dose after 5 minutes if necessary.
Maximum dose: 6 inhalations / day or 15 inhalations / week.
Suppositories: Initial dose: 2 mg per rectum repeat after 60 minutes if needed.
Maximum dose: 2 suppositories /day or 5 suppositories/ week.
Schedule of Ergotamine
H
Storage Requirements for Ergotamine
Store at 25 degree C in a tightly closed container. Protect from heat and light. Keep out of the reach of children
Effects of Missed Dosage of Ergotamine
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Ergotamine
Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. Drug can be removed from the body by gastric lavage or by inducing vomiting. Absorption of the drug can be reduced by administration of activated charcoal. Convulsions can be treated by parenteral Diazepam administration. Dialysis can be done if necessary.

Caffeine

About Caffeine
Xanthine alkaloid, Central stimulant and metabolic stimulant.
Mechanism of Action of Caffeine
Because caffeine is both water-soluble and lipid-soluble, it readily crosses the blood?brain barrier .Caffeine stimulates medullary, vagal, vasomotor, and respiratory centers, promoting bradycardia, vasoconstriction, and increased respiratory rate. Xanthines such as caffeine act as antagonists at adenosine-receptors within the plasma membrane of virtually every cell. As adenosine acts as an autocoid, inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters from presynaptic sites but augmenting the actions of norepinephrine or angiotensin, antagonism of adenosine receptors promotes neurotransmitter release. This explains the stimulatory effects of caffeine. Blockade of the adenosine A1 receptor in the heart leads to the accelerated, pronounced "pounding" of the heart upon caffeine intake.
Pharmacokinets of Caffeine
1.Absorption:Readily absorbed after oral or parenteral administration, C max is 5 to 25 mcg/mL; T max is 15 to 120 min.
2.Distribution:Widely distributed,Protein binding Low (25 to 36%).
3.Metabolism:Hepatic cytochrome P450 1A2
4.Elimination: Renal;In young infants, the elimination of caffeine is much slower than that in adults due to immature hepatic and/or renal function.
Onset of Action for Caffeine
N/A
Duration of Action for Caffeine
N/A
Half Life of Caffeine
3 to 7 hours in adults, 65 to 130 hours in neonates
Side Effects of Caffeine
1.Insomnia
2.Nervousness or anxiety
3.Irritability
4.Nausea
5.Headache
Contra-indications of Caffeine
1.Hyper sensitivity
2.Caffeine and sodium benzoate solution in pediatrics.
Special Precautions while taking Caffeine
1.Heart disease
2.Kidney disease
3.Liver disease
4.Stomach problems (e.g., peptic ulcers, necrotizing enterocolitis)
5.Seizures.
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
May be used
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Not recommended uder 12years of age
Indications for Caffeine
1.Orthostatic hypotension
2.Short term treatment of apnea of prematurity in infants
3.Fatigue and drowsiness
4.Analgesia
5.Respiratory depression.
Interactions for Caffeine
1.Aspirin, clozapine, theophylline :Plasma levels of these agents may be elevated by caffeine, increasing their pharmacologic effects and adverse reactions.
2.Cimetidine, disulfiram, fluoroquinolones, mexiletine, oral contraceptives :May increase caffeine levels, enhancing the effects.
3.Lithium :Plasma levels may be reduced by caffeine, decreasing the pharmacologic effect.
4.Phenytoin, smoking :May decrease caffeine levels.
Typical Dosage for Caffeine
1.Fatigue/Drowsiness :Oral:100 to 200 mg every 3 to 4 h as needed.
2.Apnea of Prematurity
Preterm infants Loading dose: (caffeine citrate) IV 20 mg/kg (1?mL/kg) over 30 min once.
Maintenance dose: (caffeine citrate) IV (over 10?min) or PO 5 mg/kg (0.25 mL/kg) every 24?h.

Schedule of Caffeine
N/A
Storage Requirements for Caffeine
Store caffeine at room temperature, between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C), in a tightly closed container. Store away from heat, moisture, and light.

Effects of Missed Dosage of Caffeine
N/A
Effects of Overdose of Caffeine
1.Get immediate medical attention
2.Symptoms of overdose may include agitation; anxiety; confusion; frequent urination; irregular or fast heartbeat; muscle twitching; ringing in the ears; seizures; stomach pain; trouble sleeping.

Paracetamol

About Paracetamol
Acetanilide derivative, Non narcotic Analgesic,Antipyretic.
Mechanism of Action of Paracetamol
Paracetamol has analgesic and antipyretic action.
It is more active on cyclo-oxygenase enzyme in brain. Peripherally it is a poor inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis.
Analgesic action: Paracetamol raises the pain threshold and produces analgesic effect.
Antipyretic action: Paracetamol lowers fever by direct action on the thermoregulatory centre in the Hypothalamus and block the effects of endogenous pyrogen.
Pharmacokinets of Paracetamol
Absorption: Paracetamol is rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration.
Distribution: It is distributed mostly in the body in unbound form.
Metabolism: It is extensively metabolised in the liver.
Excretion: Excreted in the urine.
Onset of Action for Paracetamol
30 - 60 minutes
Duration of Action for Paracetamol
6 hours
Half Life of Paracetamol
1-4 hours
Side Effects of Paracetamol
1. Nausea
2. Abdominal distress
3. Allergic reactions
4. Rash
Contra-indications of Paracetamol
1. Hypersensitivity to Paracetamol
Special Precautions while taking Paracetamol
1. Hepatic impairment
2. Renal impairment
3. Hypertension
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Use with caution
NEONATES : Contraindicated
Indications for Paracetamol
1. To relieve pain and fever
2. Acute gout
3. Migraine
Interactions for Paracetamol
Cholestyramine: Reduces absorption of paracetamol.
Charcoal: Activated, administered immediately reduces absorption of paracetamol.
Domperidone and metochlopramide: Enhance absorption of paracetamol.
Alcohol: Chronic excessive ingestion of alcohol potentiates hepatotoxicity of paracetamol.
Zidovudine: Effects zidovudine may be decreased.
Typical Dosage for Paracetamol
Adult:
500 - 1000 mg in 3 times daily
Maximum dose: 4 g / day
For migraine: 500 mg to be taken at the first sign of migraine attack and repeated 4 - 6 hourly until suppress mild attacks.
Children:
60 mg / kg body weight /day in 4 divided doses.
Schedule of Paracetamol
H
Storage Requirements for Paracetamol
Store at 15-30 degree C in a tightly closed container. Protect from heat and moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Paracetamol
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Paracetamol
Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. Drug can be removed from the body by gastric lavage or by inducing emesis. Absorption of the drug can be reduced by administration of activated charcoal. N-acetylcysteine is the specific antidote for Paracetamol poisoning. Dose: 150 mg /kg body weight as IV infusion over 15 minutes followed by same dose over 20 hours.
Maintenance dose: 75 mg / kg orally every 4 - 6 hours for 2 - 3 days. Haemodialysis can be done in emergency conditions.

Prochlorperazine

About Prochlorperazine
First-Generation Antipsychotic, Phenothiazine derivative, Antiemetic, Antipsychotic,anxiolytic.
Mechanism of Action of Prochlorperazine
Antipsychotic action: Prochlorperazine binds to the dopamine receptor (D1, D2, D3 &D4).It exerts its antipsychotic activity by blocking the dopamine projections in the limbic system and in mesocortical area. Peripherally and centrally it acts as a competitive Dopamine antagonist. Prochlorperazine also produces alpha adrenergic blocking activity and anticholinergic activity. It also produces weak H1 antihistaminic activity and anti serotonin activity.
Antiemetic action: Antiemetic activity is by blocking dopamine receptor (D2 receptor) in the Chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)
Migraine: Prochlorperazine has been used in migraine to control severe nausea and vomiting unresponsive to Antiemetics and to relieve the pain of severe migraine attacks unresponsive to parenteral Dihydroergotamine or Sumatriptan.
Vertigo: Prochlorperazine are also used in vertigo to control associated vomiting.
Pharmacokinets of Prochlorperazine
Absorption: It is absorbed after oral administration. Rate and extent of absorption of drug varies with route of administration. Distribution: It is distributed widely in the body in protein bound form. Metabolism: It is metabolised in the liver .Excretion: It is excreted mainly through urine. Small amount of drug is excreted through faeces and breast milk.
Onset of Action for Prochlorperazine
30 - 40 minutes
Duration of Action for Prochlorperazine
3 - 6 hours
Half Life of Prochlorperazine
6.8 - 7 hours
Side Effects of Prochlorperazine
1. Tardive dyskinesia
2. Extrapyramidal reactions
3. Drowsiness
4. Sedation
5. Dizziness
6. Hypotension
7. Dry mouth
8. Constipation
9. Blurred vision
10. Cholestatic jaundice
11. Thrombocytopenia
12. Haemolytic anaemia
13. Agranulocytosis
14. Anorexia
15. Insomnia
16. Weight gain
17. Photosensitivity
Contra-indications of Prochlorperazine
1.Hypersensitivity to Prochlorperazine and other Phenothiazines
2.Comatose
3.Blood dyscrasias
4.Patient taking antidepressants
5.During pediatric surgery
6.Alcoholics
Special Precautions while taking Prochlorperazine
1. Renal impairment
2. Hepatic impairment
3. Cardiovascular disease
4. Pheochromocytoma
5. Parkinsons disease
6. Epilepsy
7. Glaucoma
8. Prostatic hyperplasia
9. Patient exposed to extreme heat
Pregnancy Related Information
Contraindicated
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated

Children Related Information
Use with caution
Below 2 years : Contraindicated
Indications for Prochlorperazine
1. Antiemetic
2. Treatment of vertigo
3. Psychoses
4. Migraine
5. Anxiety
Interactions for Prochlorperazine
Alcohol: CNS depression, extrapyramidal reactions.
Aluminium salts: Decrease efficacy. Antacids should be given 1hour before or 2 hours after prochlorperazine.
Anticholinergics: Decrease efficacy and increase the anticholinergic side-effects of prochlorperazine.
Barbiturates: Decrease efficacy.
Barbiturate anaesthetics: Increase frequency and severity of neuromuscular excitation and hypotension.
Bromocriptine: Efficacy decreased by prochlorperazine.
Charcoal: Prevents absorption of prochlorperazine.
Lithium: Disoreintation, unconsciousness and extrapyramidal symptoms.
Meperidine: Excessive sedation and hypotension.
TCAs: Serum concentration increased by prochlorperazine.
Propranolol: Increased plasma levels of both drugs.
MAOIs: Additive orthostatic hypotensive effect.
Lab tests: Pregnancy tests: False positive results.
Plasma bound iodine (PBI): Increase in PBI occurs.
Typical Dosage for Prochlorperazine
Adult:
Psychoses, Nausea, Vomiting, Migraine and Vertigo15 - 30 mg / day in 3 divided doses
Anxiety: 15 - 20 mg / day in 3 or 4 divided doses
Children: 5 - 10 mg / day in 2 divided doses
Maximum daily dose: 20 mg / day
Schedule of Prochlorperazine
H
Storage Requirements for Prochlorperazine
The drug should be kept at 15 - 30 degree C in a tightly closed container. Protect from heat and light. Keep out of the reach of children
Effects of Missed Dosage of Prochlorperazine
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time to take the next dose then skip the missed dose.
Effects of Overdose of Prochlorperazine
Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. Gastric lavage has to be done. Activated charcoal can be given to reduce the absorption of the drug. Hypotension can be treated with IV fluids, seizure with Diazepam or Barbiturates, arrhythmia with Phenytoin and extra pyramidal reactions with Benztropine.

Home Delivery for Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + Prochlorperazine in Your City

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Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + Prochlorperazine is a generic medicine name and there are several brands available for it. Some of the brands for ergotamine + caffeine + paracetamol + prochlorperazine might be better known than ergotamine + caffeine + paracetamol + prochlorperazine itself. If the pharmacy that's willing to deliver medicines to your home doesn't have ergotamine + caffeine + paracetamol + prochlorperazine in stock, you can ask for one of the branded alternatives for ergotamine + caffeine + paracetamol + prochlorperazine.