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- Pharmacology For Amiloride + Hydrochlorothiazide
Amiloride + Hydrochlorothiazide Pharmacology
Amiloride + Hydrochlorothiazide
About Amiloride + HydrochlorothiazideN/AMechanism of Action of Amiloride + HydrochlorothiazideN/APharmacokinets of Amiloride + HydrochlorothiazideN/AOnset of Action for Amiloride + HydrochlorothiazideN/ADuration of Action for Amiloride + HydrochlorothiazideN/AHalf Life of Amiloride + HydrochlorothiazideN/ASide Effects of Amiloride + HydrochlorothiazideN/AContra-indications of Amiloride + HydrochlorothiazideN/ASpecial Precautions while taking Amiloride + HydrochlorothiazideN/APregnancy Related InformationContraindicated; since Amiloride and Hydrochlorothiazide are contraindicated in pregnancy.Old Age Related InformationN/ABreast Feeding Related InformationContraindicated; since Amiloride and Hydrochlorothiazide are contraindicated in lactation.Children Related InformationN/AIndications for Amiloride + HydrochlorothiazideHypertentionInteractions for Amiloride + HydrochlorothiazideN/ATypical Dosage for Amiloride + HydrochlorothiazideAdults: 1 - 2 tablets / day preferably in the morning (Amiloride 5mg + Hydrochlorothiazide 50mg )Schedule of Amiloride + HydrochlorothiazideN/AStorage Requirements for Amiloride + HydrochlorothiazideN/AEffects of Missed Dosage of Amiloride + HydrochlorothiazideN/AEffects of Overdose of Amiloride + HydrochlorothiazideN/AAmiloride
About AmiloridePotassium-Sparing Diuretic , a pyrazine-carbonyl-guanidine, Diuretic, Antihypertensive.Mechanism of Action of AmilorideAmiloride is a guanidine derivative which exerts its diuretic action by interacting with renal epithelial Na+ channels in distal tubules and collecting duct and prevents sodium reabsorption. It prevents potassium lose. It also increases chloride, bicarbonate, and water excretion and decreases H+ excretion. The drug augment the natriuretic and anti hypertensive response of other drugs. It is used in the management of edema associated with congestive heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis and idiopathic edema. It is used mainly in combination with other drugs in the management of hypertension and to correct hypokalemia caused by other diuretic drugs.Pharmacokinets of AmilorideAbsorption: Orally absorbed up to 50%. Food decreases absorption. Distribution: Widely distributed extravascularly. Metabolism: It is not metabolized in the body. Excretion: Excreted mainly through urine.
Onset of Action for Amiloride2hoursDuration of Action for Amiloride24 hours.Half Life of Amiloride6 to 9 hoursSide Effects of Amiloride1.Headache
2.Orthostatic hypotension
3.Confusion
4.Nausea
5.Diarrhoea
6.Anorexia
7.Weakness
8.Hyperkalemia
9.Hyponatremia
10.Aplastic anaemia
11.Neutropenia
12.Impotence
13.Altered liver function tests
14.Altered kidney function tests
15.Gastro intestinal disturbances
16.Constipation
17.Dyspnoea
18.Rashes
19.Ototoxicity
Contra-indications of Amiloride1.Hypersensitivity to the drug
2.Renal impairment
3.Hyper kalemia
4.Along with other potassium sparing diuretics
5.Anuria
6.Diabetic nephropathy.
Special Precautions while taking Amiloride1.Hepatic impairment
2.Diabetes mellitus
3.Along with other diuretics
Pregnancy Related InformationContraindicatedOld Age Related InformationUse with caution.Breast Feeding Related InformationContraindicated.Children Related InformationContraindicatedIndications for Amiloride1.Adjunctive in treatment of Hypertension
2.Edema associated with heart failure with potassium conservation
3.Edema where potassium conservation is needed.
4.Liddle`s syndrome
Interactions for AmilorideLithium: Increaes serum lithium levels and toxicity.
Ace inhibitors: Increased risk of potassium retention.
Digoxin: Increased renal clearance of digoxin.
Typical Dosage for Amiloride5mg 1 to 2 times daily. Increased to 10mg 1 to 2 times if required.Schedule of AmilorideHStorage Requirements for AmilorideStore in a well closed container at a temperature range of 15 to 30 degree C. Protects from light, moisture and freezing.Effects of Missed Dosage of AmilorideTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of AmilorideTreatment is supportive and symptomatic. Drug is removed by induced emesis or gastric lavage. Monitor & support serum electrolyte level and blood acidosis. To reduce potassium levels administer I.V. sodium bicarbonate or glucose with insulin. Potassium levels can be also lowered by cation exchange resins like sodium polystyrene sulfonate given orally or as retention enema.Hydrochlorothiazide
About HydrochlorothiazideThiazide derivatibve, Diuretic.Mechanism of Action of HydrochlorothiazideIt is thiazide diuretic which exerts its action by acting at site-3(central dilating segment of early distal tubule). It binds to Na+Cl- symporter and inhibits Na+Cl- symport at the luminal membrane. It has additional carbonic anhydrase inhibitory actions in proximal tubules. It increases natriuresis, kaliuresis and diuresis. It decreases Ca2+ excretion and increases Mg2+excretion. It also has minor carbonic anhydrase inhibitory action. It also causes direct arteriolar vasodilatation and decreases total peripheral resistance. The antihypertensive actions of the drug may be attributable to depletion of sodium and subsequent reduction in plasma volume and a decrease in peripheral resistance. Decrease in peripheral resistance is due to either the loss of sodium from the arteriolar wall or a direct action on the vascular bed. It is an effective drug in edema associated with congestive heart failure.
Vertigo: Diuretics are used in vertigo in assumption that vertigo is due to endolymphatic hydrops. They reduce labyrinthine fluid pressure
Pharmacokinets of HydrochlorothiazideAbsorption: It is absorbed after oral administration.
Metabolism: It is not metabolized in the body.
Excretion: Excreted unchanged in urine.
Onset of Action for Hydrochlorothiazide1 to 3 hoursDuration of Action for Hydrochlorothiazide12 to 16 hoursHalf Life of Hydrochlorothiazide5 to 15 hoursSide Effects of Hydrochlorothiazide1. Dizziness
2. Blurred vision
3. Confusion
4. Tingling fingers
5. Dry mouth
6. Nausea
7. Diarrhoea
8. Constipation
9. Vomiting
10. Weakness
11. Hypokalaemia
12. Hyponatraemia
13. Hyperuricaemia
14. Elevated levels of glucose, calcium and lipids
15. Gastro intestinal disturbances
16. Polyuria
17. Electrolyte imbalance
18. Jaundice
19. Rashes
20. Photosensitivity
21. Fever
22. Itching
23. Myalgia
24. Muscle cramps
25. Arthralgia
26. Blood dyscrasias
27. Ototoxicity
Contra-indications of Hydrochlorothiazide1. Hyper uricaemia
2. Hyper calcaemia
3. Renal impairment
4. Hepatic impairment
5. Anuria
6. Hypersensitivity to the drug
7. Hyper sensitivity to sulfonamides
8. Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
Special Precautions while taking Hydrochlorothiazide1. Gout
2. Diabetes mellitus
3. Renal impairment
4. Hepatic impairment
5. Monitor and correct Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
6. Hyper parathyroidism
7. Cirrhosis
Pregnancy Related InformationContraindicatedOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationContraindicatedChildren Related InformationMay be usedIndications for Hydrochlorothiazide1. Hypertension
2. Oedema associated with heart failure
3. Oedema due to renal and hepatic diseases
4. Diabetes insipidus
5. Idiopathic hypercalciurea.
6. Vertigo
Interactions for HydrochlorothiazideCholestyramine & Colestipol: decrease absorption of hydrochlorothiazide.
Diazoxide: Additive action - may cause hyperglycemia, hyperuricaemia and hypotension.
Digitalis: Diuretics induced hypokalaemia may precipitate digitalis toxicity.
Lithium: Hydrochlorothiazide potentiates therapeutic and toxic effects by increasing its renal excretion.
Frusemide: Synergy leading to profound diuresis and greater than predicted electrolyte loss.
Non-depolarizing muscle relaxants: Diuretics induced hypokalaemia enhances efficacy.
Sulfonylureas: Efficacy decreased due to hydrochlorothiazide induced glucose intolerance.
Chlorpropamide: Hypokalaemia.
Propantheline: Bioavailability of hydrochlorothiazide increased.
Metoclopramide: Bioavailability of hydrochlorothiazide decreased.
NSAIDs: Natriuretic effect of hydrochlorothiazide decreased.
Typical Dosage for HydrochlorothiazideAdults:
Hypertension: 25mg once daily or in divided doses. Increased to 50mg if required; depending up on the patient`s response.
Children: 1mg/kg single daily dose.
Oedema:
Adults:
Starts with 25 to 50mg. Increased the dose until desired response is obtained.
Maximum dose: 200mg/day
Maintenance dosage: 25 to 100mg daily or on alternate days.
Children: 1mg/kg single daily dose or 1 to 3mg/kg/day in two divided doses
Schedule of HydrochlorothiazideGStorage Requirements for HydrochlorothiazideStore at room temperature in a well closed container and protected from light.Effects of Missed Dosage of HydrochlorothiazideTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose.Continue the regular schedule.Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of HydrochlorothiazideTreatment is supportive and symptomatic. Remove drug from the body by induced emesis and gastric lavage. Monitor and assist respiratory, cardiovascular, and renal function as indicated. Monitor and support fluid and electrolyte balance.Home Delivery for Amiloride + Hydrochlorothiazide in Your City
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Amiloride + Hydrochlorothiazide is a generic medicine name and there are several brands available for it. Some of the brands for amiloride + hydrochlorothiazide might be better known than amiloride + hydrochlorothiazide itself. If the pharmacy that's willing to deliver medicines to your home doesn't have amiloride + hydrochlorothiazide in stock, you can ask for one of the branded alternatives for amiloride + hydrochlorothiazide.