Dextromethorphan + Promethazine Pharmacology

Dextromethorphan + Promethazine

About Dextromethorphan + Promethazine
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Mechanism of Action of Dextromethorphan + Promethazine
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Pharmacokinets of Dextromethorphan + Promethazine
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Onset of Action for Dextromethorphan + Promethazine
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Duration of Action for Dextromethorphan + Promethazine
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Half Life of Dextromethorphan + Promethazine
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Side Effects of Dextromethorphan + Promethazine
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Contra-indications of Dextromethorphan + Promethazine
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Special Precautions while taking Dextromethorphan + Promethazine
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Pregnancy Related Information
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Old Age Related Information
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Breast Feeding Related Information
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Children Related Information
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Indications for Dextromethorphan + Promethazine
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Interactions for Dextromethorphan + Promethazine
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Typical Dosage for Dextromethorphan + Promethazine
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Schedule of Dextromethorphan + Promethazine
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Storage Requirements for Dextromethorphan + Promethazine
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Effects of Missed Dosage of Dextromethorphan + Promethazine
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Effects of Overdose of Dextromethorphan + Promethazine
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Dextromethorphan

About Dextromethorphan
A synthetic morphine (((dextrorotatory methyl ether of Levorphanol))) derivative,A synthetic narcotic antitussive.
Mechanism of Action of Dextromethorphan
Dextromethorphan hydrobromide is a selective antitussive which raises threshold of cough centre and suppresses the cough reflex by direct action on the cough centre in the medulla. It does not depress mucociliary function of the airway mucosa and is also devoid of constipating and addicting actions. (((Its antitussive action is not exerted through opioid receptors)))
Pharmacokinets of Dextromethorphan
Absorption: Well absorbed orally, Metabolism: Extensively metabolized by liver, Excretion: Excreted primarily through urine as metabolites; about 7 to 10% is excreted through faeces.
Onset of Action for Dextromethorphan
Below ? an hour
Duration of Action for Dextromethorphan
3 to 6 hours
Half Life of Dextromethorphan
11 hours
Side Effects of Dextromethorphan
1. Dizziness
2. Nausea
3. Vomiting
4. Stomach pain
5. Drowsiness
6. Ataxia.
Contra-indications of Dextromethorphan
Patients currently taking MAO inhibitors or within two weeks of discontinuing MAO inhibitors.
Special Precautions while taking Dextromethorphan
1. Atopic children
2. Sedated or deliberate patients
3. Those patients confined to the supine position
4. Patients sensitive to aspirin
Pregnancy Related Information
Contraindicated
Old Age Related Information
N/A
Breast Feeding Related Information
N/A
Children Related Information
May be used
Children below 2 years: Syrup, tablets, or lozenges are contraindicated
Indications for Dextromethorphan
Chronic nonproductive cough.
Interactions for Dextromethorphan
N/A
Typical Dosage for Dextromethorphan
Oral:
Chronic nonproductive cough:
Adults and children above 12 years: 10 to 20mg every 4 hours; or 30mg three to four times daily.
Maximum dose: 120mg daily.
Children (((age 6 to 12))): 5 to 10mg every four hours
Maximum dose: 60mg daily
Children (((age 2 to 6))): 2.5 to 5mg every four hours.
Maximum dose: 30mg daily.
Schedule of Dextromethorphan
N/A
Storage Requirements for Dextromethorphan
Store at room temperature in a well closed light resistant container. Protect from excess heat and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Dextromethorphan
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Dextromethorphan
Remove drug from the body by administration of activated charcoal and provide symptomatic treatment and supportive measures.

Promethazine

About Promethazine
A first-generation H1 antagonist, a phenothiazine derivative, Antihistamine,antiemetic,sedative.
Mechanism of Action of Promethazine
Antiallergic actions: Promethazine mainly acts on H1 receptor. It competes with Histamine for H1 receptor. It does not affect the release of Histamine. It blocks the Histamine actions on smooth muscles (GIT, uterus, blood vessel & bronchi) and reduces Histamine induced excess salivary secretion. It has anticholinergic actions. Promethazine produces sedation by inhibiting the stimuli to the brain stem reticular system.
Antiemetic and Antivertigo actions: The central antimuscarinic actions of antihistamines are responsible for their antivertigo and antiemetic effects. They suppress end organ receptors or inhibit central cholinergic action. It also acts on Chemoreceptor trigger zone.
Migraine: Promethazine is used in migraine due to its sedative as well as antiemetic actions.
Anaesthetic adjuncts: Promethazine is used as anaesthetic adjunct due to its sedative, antiemetic and anticholinergic properties.

Pharmacokinets of Promethazine
Absorption: It is well absorbed after oral administration. Distribution: It is distributed widely in the body. Metabolism: It is metabolised in the liver .Excretion: It is excreted mainly through urine. Small amount of drug is excreted through faeces and breast milk.
Onset of Action for Promethazine
15 - 60 minutes
Duration of Action for Promethazine
12 hours
Half Life of Promethazine
10 - 15 hours
Side Effects of Promethazine
1. Tardive dyskinesia
2. Extrapyramidal reactions
3. Drowsiness
4. Sedation
5. Dizzines
6. Hypotension
7. Dry mouth
8. Constipation
9 .Blurred vision
10. Agranulocytosis
11. Photosensitivity
12. Insomnia
13. Weight gain
14. Cholestatic jaundice
Contra-indications of Promethazine
1.Hypersensitivity to Promethazine
2.Comatose
3.Blood dyscrasias
4.Patient taking antidepressants
5.Liver damage
Special Precautions while taking Promethazine
1. Renal impairment
2. Hepatic impairment
3. Cardiovascular disease
4. Pheochromocytoma
5. Hypocalcaemia
6. Epilepsy
7. Cholestatic jaundice
8. Patient exposed to extreme heat or cold or phosphorus insecticides
9. Ceribrovascular disorder
10. Patient on ECT
11. Reaction to Insulin
12. Prostatic hyperplasia
13. Glaucoma
14. Peptic ulcer
15. Slowly withdraw the drug with caution
Pregnancy Related Information
Contraindicated
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated
Children Related Information
Use with caution
CHILDREN (below 2 years): Contraindicated
NEONATES: Contraindicated
Indications for Promethazine
1. Motion sickness
2. Nausea
3. Sedation
4. Allergy
5. Migraine
6. Vertigo
7. Anticough ingredient
8. Anaesthetic adjuncts
Interactions for Promethazine
Alcohol: CNS depression, extrapyramidal reactions.
Aluminium salts: Decrease efficacy.
Antacids should be given 1 hour before or 2 hours after promethazine.
Anticholinergics: Decrease efficacy and increase the anticholinergic side-effects of promethazine.
Barbiturates: Decrease efficacy.
Barbiturate anaesthetics: Increase frequency and severity of neuromuscular excitation and hypotension.
Bromocriptine: Efficacy decreased by promethazine.
Charcoal: Prevents absorption of promethazine.
Lithium: Disorientation, unconsciousness and extrapyramidal symptoms.
Meperidine: Excessive sedation and hypotension.
TCAs: Serum concentration increased by promethazine.
Propranolol: Increased plasma levels of both drugs.
MAOIs: Additive orthostatic hypotensive effect.
Lab tests: Pregnancy tests: False positive results.
Plasma bound iodine (PBI): Increase in PBI occurs.
Typical Dosage for Promethazine
Adult:
Motion sickness: 50 mg / day in 2 divided dose
Allergy: 25 mg at bed time
Nausea: 12.5 - 25 mg / day
Sedation: 25 - 50 mg at bed time
Children:
Motion sickness: 12.5 - 25 mg / day
Allergy: 6.25 - 12. 5 mg 3 times a day
Sedation: 12.5 - 25 mg at bed time
Schedule of Promethazine
G
Storage Requirements for Promethazine
The drug should be kept at 15 - 25 degree C in a tightly closed container. Protect from heat and light. Keep out of the reach of children
Effects of Missed Dosage of Promethazine
Take the missed dose as soon s noticed and if it is the time to take the next dose then skip the missed dose.
Effects of Overdose of Promethazine
Give supportive measures and treatment. Gastric lavage has to be done. Hypotension can be treated with IV fluids, seizure with Diazepam or Barbiturates, arrhythmia with Phenytoin and excretion of drug can be increased by acidification of urine.

Home Delivery for Dextromethorphan + Promethazine in Your City

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Dextromethorphan + Promethazine is a generic medicine name and there are several brands available for it. Some of the brands for dextromethorphan + promethazine might be better known than dextromethorphan + promethazine itself. If the pharmacy that's willing to deliver medicines to your home doesn't have dextromethorphan + promethazine in stock, you can ask for one of the branded alternatives for dextromethorphan + promethazine.