Ammonium chloride + Sodium citrate + Diphenhydramine Pharmacology

Ammonium chloride + Sodium citrate + Diphenhydramine

About Ammonium chloride + Sodium citrate + Diphenhydramine
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Mechanism of Action of Ammonium chloride + Sodium citrate + Diphenhydramine
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Pharmacokinets of Ammonium chloride + Sodium citrate + Diphenhydramine
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Onset of Action for Ammonium chloride + Sodium citrate + Diphenhydramine
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Duration of Action for Ammonium chloride + Sodium citrate + Diphenhydramine
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Half Life of Ammonium chloride + Sodium citrate + Diphenhydramine
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Side Effects of Ammonium chloride + Sodium citrate + Diphenhydramine
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Contra-indications of Ammonium chloride + Sodium citrate + Diphenhydramine
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Special Precautions while taking Ammonium chloride + Sodium citrate + Diphenhydramine
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Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
N/A
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated. Since Diphenhydramine is contraindicated in breast feeding mother, the combination generic cannot be used in lactation
Children Related Information
N/A
Indications for Ammonium chloride + Sodium citrate + Diphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine selectively suppresses the central cough centre and increases the threshold for afferent cough impulses. Ammonium chloride and Sodium citrate counteract the drying effect of Diphenhydramine and maintaining adequate moistening of the respiratory passages and reducing irritation.
1.Cough due to inhaled irritants or due to throat and bronchial irritation
Interactions for Ammonium chloride + Sodium citrate + Diphenhydramine
N/A
Typical Dosage for Ammonium chloride + Sodium citrate + Diphenhydramine
Adults: 10ml to be taken every 4 -6 hours, not exceeding 50 ml / day
Children 6 - 12 years: 5 ml to be taken every 4 - 6 hours
Children 2 to 6 years: 2.5 ml to be taken every 4 - 6 hours
Schedule of Ammonium chloride + Sodium citrate + Diphenhydramine
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Storage Requirements for Ammonium chloride + Sodium citrate + Diphenhydramine
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Effects of Missed Dosage of Ammonium chloride + Sodium citrate + Diphenhydramine
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Effects of Overdose of Ammonium chloride + Sodium citrate + Diphenhydramine
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Ammonium chloride

About Ammonium chloride
Ammonium compound, Acidifier,Expectorant.
Mechanism of Action of Ammonium chloride
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Pharmacokinets of Ammonium chloride
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Onset of Action for Ammonium chloride
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Duration of Action for Ammonium chloride
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Half Life of Ammonium chloride
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Side Effects of Ammonium chloride
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Contra-indications of Ammonium chloride
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Special Precautions while taking Ammonium chloride
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Pregnancy Related Information
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Old Age Related Information
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Breast Feeding Related Information
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Children Related Information
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Indications for Ammonium chloride
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Interactions for Ammonium chloride
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Typical Dosage for Ammonium chloride
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Schedule of Ammonium chloride
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Storage Requirements for Ammonium chloride
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Effects of Missed Dosage of Ammonium chloride
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Effects of Overdose of Ammonium chloride
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Sodium citrate

About Sodium citrate
Sodium compound,citrates, Urinary alkalinizing agent, a directly acing expectorant.
Mechanism of Action of Sodium citrate
Sodium citrate is an alkalinizing agent which is used to make the urine more alkaline (less acidic).It prevents certain kinds of kidney stones and also relieve discomfort in mild urinary tract infections such as cystitis. Sodium citrate also makes the blood more alkaline in certain conditions. Sodium citrate is a directly acing expectorant which increases bronchial secretion by salt action.
Pharmacokinets of Sodium citrate
Absorption: Administered orally, Metabolism: Metabolized in to sodium bicarbonate, Excretion: Excreted through urine.
Onset of Action for Sodium citrate
N/A
Duration of Action for Sodium citrate
N/A
Half Life of Sodium citrate
N/A
Side Effects of Sodium citrate
1. Polyuria
2. Hypernatremia
3. Metabolic alkalosis
4. Diarrhea
5. Loose bowel movements
6. Allergic reactions (rare)
7. Chest pain (rare)
8. Shortness of breath (rare)
Contra-indications of Sodium citrate
Hypersensitivity to the drug
Special Precautions while taking Sodium citrate
1. Renal impairment
2. Edema
3. Hypertension
4. Patients on a sodium restricted diet
5. Along with other medication
6. Addison`s disease
7. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
8. Chronic Diarrhea
9. Cardiac diseases
10. Toxemia of pregnancy
11. Urinary tract infections
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
May be used
Indications for Sodium citrate
1. Expectorant
2. Kidney stones
3. Cystitis
4. Gout
5. Urine and blood alkaliniser
6. Symptomatic treatment of nausea and vomiting
Interactions for Sodium citrate
N/A
Typical Dosage for Sodium citrate
Oral:
Expectorant: 0.3 to 1g
As alkaliniser: Dosage individualized and varies in different combinations Symptomatic treatment of nausea and vomiting: Use 5%Sodium citrate in the following doses:
Adults: 2 to3 g; 3 to 4 times daily.
Children (up to 3 months): 0.05 g;
Children (3 to 6 months): 0.1 g;
Children (6 to 12 months): 0.25 g;
Children (2 to 3 years): 0.30 g;
Children (4 to 7 years): 0.50 g;
Children (8 to 14 years): 1 to 2 g; 3 to 4 times daily
Schedule of Sodium citrate
N/A
Storage Requirements for Sodium citrate
Store in a cool dry area in a tightly closed container. Protect from direct light, heat, and moisture
Effects of Missed Dosage of Sodium citrate
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.

Effects of Overdose of Sodium citrate
Provide symptomatic treatment and supportive measures.

Diphenhydramine

About Diphenhydramine
First Generation H1 Antagonist ,Ethanolamine derivative, Antihistamine, antiemetic, antivertigo,sedative, and hypnotic.
Mechanism of Action of Diphenhydramine
Antiallergic action: It produces its antihistamine action by competitively blocking H1 receptors. It binds to the H1 receptors present in the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, bronchi, large blood vessels and uterus and inhibit Histamine induced allergic symptoms. They do not inhibit the release of Histamine.
Antivertigo and antiemetic actions: Central antimuscarinic actions of antihistamines are responsible for these effects of Diphenhydramine.
Parkinsonism: Acetyl choline receptor antagonists are used for the treatment of Parkinsonism. Diphenhydramine reduces the unbalanced cholinergic activity in striatum of parkinsonian patients.
Antitussive action: Diphenhydramine suppresses the cough reflex by a direct effect on the cough centre.
Migraine: Diphenhydramine is used in migraine due to its sedative as well as antiemetic actions.
Pharmacokinets of Diphenhydramine
Absorption: It is well absorbed after oral administration. Distribution: Diphenhydramine is widely distributed in the body including CNS in protein bound form. Metabolism: It is extensively metabolised in the liver. Excretion: Excreted primarily in urine
Onset of Action for Diphenhydramine
15 minutes
Duration of Action for Diphenhydramine
6 - 8 hours
Half Life of Diphenhydramine
2.5 - 9 hours
Side Effects of Diphenhydramine
1.Headache
2.Dry mouth
3.Rash
4.Thrombocytopenia
5.Anaemia
6.Anorexia
7.Insomnia
8.Confusion
9.Dizziness
10.Fatigue
11.Nausea
12.Abdominal pain
13.Urine retention
14.Thickening of bronchial secretions.
Contra-indications of Diphenhydramine
1.Hypersensitivity to Diphenhydramine
2.Porphyria.
Special Precautions while taking Diphenhydramine
1.Hypertension
2.Asthma
3.Hyperthyroidism
4.Angle closure glaucoma
5.Prostatic hyperplasia
6.Urinary tract obstruction
7.Use with caution while operating machine, driving vehicle or activities requiring mental alertness
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution.
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution.
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated.
Children Related Information
Use with caution
NEONATES: contraindicated
Indications for Diphenhydramine
1.Parkinson`s disease
2.Motion sickness
3.Rhinitis
4.Allergy disorders
5.Insomnia
6.Productive cough
7.Vertigo
8.Migraine
Interactions for Diphenhydramine
Incompatibility reported with amphotericin, cephalothine sodium, hydrocortisone, sodium succinate, some soluble barbiturates, some contrast media.
Typical Dosage for Diphenhydramine
Adult: 25 - 50 mg 3 - 4 times daily. Dosage should be individualised according to the needs and the response of the patient
Nonproductive cough: 100 mg / day in 4-6 times daily.
Insomnia: 50 mg at bed time
Children above 12 years: 25 - 50 mg 3 - 4 times daily. Dosage should be individualised according to the needs and the response of the patient
Nonproductive cough: 100 mg / day in 4-6 divided dose
Insomnia: 50 mg at bed time
Children age 2 -12 years: 12.5 - 25 mg 3 - 4 times daily. Dosage should be individualised according to the needs and the response of the patient.
Maximum dose: 300mg / day
Nonproductive cough: 6.25 - 12.5 mg in 4-6 times daily. Dosage should be individualised according to the needs and the response of the patient
Schedule of Diphenhydramine
G
Storage Requirements for Diphenhydramine
Store at 15 - 30 degree C. Protect from heat, light and moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Diphenhydramine
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Diphenhydramine
Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. Drug can be removed from the body by gastric lavage or by inducing emesis. Absorption of the drug can be reduced by administration of activated charcoal. Hypotension can be counteracted by administration of vasopressors and seizure with Phenytoin or Diazepam.

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