Ephedrine + Theophylline + Hydroxyzine Pharmacology

Ephedrine + Theophylline + Hydroxyzine

About Ephedrine + Theophylline + Hydroxyzine
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Mechanism of Action of Ephedrine + Theophylline + Hydroxyzine
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Pharmacokinets of Ephedrine + Theophylline + Hydroxyzine
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Onset of Action for Ephedrine + Theophylline + Hydroxyzine
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Duration of Action for Ephedrine + Theophylline + Hydroxyzine
N/A
Half Life of Ephedrine + Theophylline + Hydroxyzine
N/A
Side Effects of Ephedrine + Theophylline + Hydroxyzine
N/A
Contra-indications of Ephedrine + Theophylline + Hydroxyzine
N/A
Special Precautions while taking Ephedrine + Theophylline + Hydroxyzine
N/A
Pregnancy Related Information
Contraindicated; since Ephedrine and Hydroxyzine are contraindicated during pregnancy the combination generic cannot be used in pregnancy.
Old Age Related Information
N/A
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated; since Ephedrine and Hydroxyzine are contraindicated during Breast feeding the combination generic cannot be used in Breast feeding
Children Related Information
N/A
Indications for Ephedrine + Theophylline + Hydroxyzine
1.Asthma
2.Chronic bronchitis
3.Emphysema
Interactions for Ephedrine + Theophylline + Hydroxyzine
N/A
Typical Dosage for Ephedrine + Theophylline + Hydroxyzine
Adults: 1 tablet to be taken 2 - 4 times a day.
Children:
5 years and above: One-half tablet to be taken 2 - 4 times a day.
Children up to 5 years: Contraindicated
Schedule of Ephedrine + Theophylline + Hydroxyzine
N/A
Storage Requirements for Ephedrine + Theophylline + Hydroxyzine
N/A
Effects of Missed Dosage of Ephedrine + Theophylline + Hydroxyzine
N/A
Effects of Overdose of Ephedrine + Theophylline + Hydroxyzine
N/A

Ephedrine

About Ephedrine
Alpha/Beta Adrenergic Agonist , Sympathomimetic amine, Stimulant, vasopressor(parenteral), bronchodilator.
Mechanism of Action of Ephedrine
Ephedrine is a mixed acting sympathomimetic drug which mainly acting indirectly but also has some direct action on alpha and beta adrenergic receptors. It causes release of nor-epinephrine from it`s storage sites and stimulates alpha and beta adrenergic receptors. It relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by stimulating beta-2 adrenergic receptors and thus causes increased vital capacity, relief of mild bronchospasm, improved air exchange and decreased residual volume. Ephedrine produces cardiac stimulation with increased systolic and diastolic pressure when nor-epinephrine stores aren`t depleted. It produces positive inotropic effects with low doses through action on beta-1 receptors in heart. It causes vasodilatation through beta-2 receptors and vasoconstriction through alpha adrenergic receptors. Presser effects results from vasoconstriction, cardiac stimulation, and increased cardiac output. It produces nasal decongestant action by stimulating alpha receptors in blood vessels of nasal mucosa and causing vasoconstriction and nasal decongestion.
Pharmacokinets of Ephedrine
Absorption: Well absorbed after Oral, S.C., or I.M. administration.
Distribution: Widely distributed throughout the body
Metabolism: Slowly metabolized in liver by oxidative deamination, demethylation, aromatic hydroxylation and conjugation.
Excretion: Excreted mainly through urine as unchanged drug.
Onset of Action for Ephedrine
Oral: 15 to 60 minutes
I.V.: 5minutes
I.M., S.C.: 10 to 20 minutes
Duration of Action for Ephedrine
Oral: 3 to 5 hours
I.V.: 60 minutes
I.M.: S.C.: 30 to 60 minutes
Half Life of Ephedrine
N/A
Side Effects of Ephedrine
1. Arrhythmias
2. Palpitations
3. Tachycardia
4. Hypertension
5. Precordial pain
6. Insomnia
7. Nervousness
8. Headahe
9. Dizziness
10. Confusion
11. Euphoria
12. Delirium
13. Mucosal irritation
14. Dry nose and throat
15. Nausea
16. Vomiting
17. Anorexia
18. Urine retention
19. Painful urination
20. Muscle weakness
21. Diaphoresis.
Contra-indications of Ephedrine
1. Hypersensitivity to the drug or other sympathomimetics
2. Severe coronary artery disease
3. Porphyria
4. Arrhythmias
5. Angina pectoris
6. Susstatial organic heart disease
7. Cardiovascular diseases
8. Angle closure glaucoma
9. Psychoneurosis
10. In those taking MAO inhibitors
Special Precautions while taking Ephedrine
1. Hypertension
2. Hyperthyroidism
3. Nervous or excitable states
4. Diabetes
5. Prostatic hyperplasia
6. Diabetes

Pregnancy Related Information
Contraindicated
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Indications for Ephedrine
1. As nasal decongestant
2. As bronchodilator
3. Acute severe bronchospasm
4. Hypotension
5. Enuresis
Interactions for Ephedrine
N/A
Typical Dosage for Ephedrine
Oral:
Adults:
As bronchodilator or nasal decongestant:12.5 to 50mg at every 3 to 4 hours; as required. Do not exceed 150mg in 24 hours.
Orthostatic hypotension: 25mg 1 to 4 times daily as required.
Children:
Above 12 years:12.5 to 50mg at every 3 to 4 hours; as required. Do not exceed 150mg in 24 hours.
Age 6 to 12: 6.25 to 12.5mg every four hours. Do not exceed 75mg in 24 hours.
Children over 2 years: 2 to 3mg/kg/day in 4 to 6 divided doses.
Orthostatic hypotension: 3mg/kg/day divided in to 4 to 6 doses.
Enuresis: 25 to 50mg at bed time.
Nasal spray:
As nasal decongestant:
Adults and children over 12 years: 2 to 3 sprays to each nostril; not more than every four hours.
Children (age 6 to 12): 1 to 2 sprays to each nostril; not more than every four hours.
I.M., S.C., or I.V.:
Acute severe bronchospasm: 12.5 to 25mg I.M., S.C., or I.V.
Hypotension:
Adults: 25 to 50mg S.C. or I.M., or 10 to 25mg as slow I.V. bolus. A second I.M. dose of 50mg or I.V. dose of 25mg is administered if required. Repeat I.V. doses in 5 to 10minutes if required.
Maximum dose: 150mg/day.
Children: 3mg/kg/day S.C. or I.V. divided in to 4 to 6 doses

Schedule of Ephedrine
N/A
Storage Requirements for Ephedrine
Store at controlled room temperature at a range of 15 to 30 degree C. in a well closed container. Protect from light.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Ephedrine
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Ephedrine
Provide supportive treatment and symptomatic measures. If patient is conscious induce emesis and reduce absorption by administration of activated charcoal. Perform gastric lavage if required. Maintain airway and blood pressure and closely monitor vital signs. Do not administer vasopressors. Beta blockers such as propranolol are used to treat arrhythmias. Use cardio selective beta blockers in asthmatic patients. Treat hypertension with Phentolamine, Seizures with paraldehyde or Diazepam, Pyrexia with seizures.

Theophylline

About Theophylline
Bronchodilator, a methylxanthine derivative, Anti asthma, in COPD.
Mechanism of Action of Theophylline
It inhibit phosphodiesterase enzyme which degrades cyclic nucleotides intracellularly and it results the cyclic AMP accumulation in the cell. This cause bronchodialatation, cardiac stimulation and vasodilatation. This drug release calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulam, especially in cardiac muscles and results increased cardiac muscle contraction. This drug also blocks adenosine receptors (adenosine acts as a local mediator in CNS & CVS and other organs- which contracts smooth muscles, especially in bronchi, blood vessels etc). This results bronchodialatation and vasodialatation.
Pharmacokinets of Theophylline
Absorption- Well absorbed after oral administration. Rapidly and well absorbed after intravenous administration.
Distribution- Widely distributed in the body. 40% bound to the plasma proteins.
Metabolism- Metabolized in the liver by demethylation and oxidation. 1-methyluric acid is its metabolite.
Excretion- Excreted through urine.
Onset of Action for Theophylline
15 to 60 min. after oral administration and 15 minutes after intravenous administration.
Duration of Action for Theophylline
N/A
Half Life of Theophylline
Its plasma half life is 8 hrs
Side Effects of Theophylline
1. Upset stomach
2. Stomach pain
3. Diarrhea
4. Headache
5. Restlessness
6. Insomnia
7. Irritability
8. Vomiting
9. Increased or rapid heart rate
10. Irregular heartbeat
11. Seizures
12. Skin rash

Contra-indications of Theophylline
1. Hypersensitivity to the drug
2. Peptic ulcer
3. Underlying seizure disorders

Special Precautions while taking Theophylline
1. Cardiac disease
2. Hypertension
3. Hyperthyroidism
4. Hepatic impairment
5. Fever
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Indications for Theophylline
1. Asthma
2. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
3. Chronic bronchitis
4. Emphysema
5. It can be used in premature infants who stop breathing

Interactions for Theophylline
Benzodiazepines: Sedative effects may be antagonized.
Beta agonists: Additive effect.
Halothane: Catecholamine induced arrhythmias may occur.
Tetracyclines: Theophylline adverse reaction may be enhanced.
Food: Theophylline elimination is increased by a low carbohydrate, high protein diet.
Typical Dosage for Theophylline
Adults:
Long term management of chronic bronchospasm: 300 to 1000 mg daily in divided doses in every 6 to 8 hrs or 175 to 500 mg every 12 hrs for modified release preparations.
Bronchospasm-
Adults-
5mg/kg body weight every 6 to 8 hrs.
Children- 5 mg/kg every 4 to 6 hrs.

Neonatal apnoea of prematurity-
Child-
More than 24days - 5mg/kg as maintenance dose and 1.5mg/kg every 12 hrs as loading dose.
Less than 24 days- 1mg/kg every 12 hrs.
Intravenous- Management of severe bronchospasm-
Adult- 4 to 5 mg/kg as loading dose over 20 to 30 minutes.
0.4 mg/kg/hr as maintenance dose.
Children- 4 to 5 mg/kg as loading dose over 20 to 30 minutes.
0.8mg/kg/hr as maintenance dose.

Schedule of Theophylline
N/A
Storage Requirements for Theophylline
Store it at room temperature and away from excess heat and moisture.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Theophylline
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Theophylline
Give symptomatic and supportive treatment. Induce emesis except in convulsive patient. Administer activated charcoal or cathartics to prevent further absorption of the drug.

Hydroxyzine

About Hydroxyzine
A first-generation H1 antagonist,piperazine derivative, Antihistamine, Antiemetic, Anxiolytic, Sedative-hypnotic.
Mechanism of Action of Hydroxyzine
Hydroxyzine compete with Histamine for H1receptor.It blocks the Histamine action s on the effector`s cell surface. It has sedative, Antiemetic, antimuscarinic and spasmolytic property.
Antianxiety action: Hydroxyzine produces its anxiolytic action through suppression of activity at subcortical levels.
Pharmacokinets of Hydroxyzine
Absorption: It is well absorbed after oral administration. Metabolism: It undergoes metabolism in the liver. Excretion: It is excreted mainly through urine and small amount of drug and metabolite through faeces.
Onset of Action for Hydroxyzine
15 - 30 minutes
Duration of Action for Hydroxyzine
4 - 6 hour
Half Life of Hydroxyzine
3 hour
Side Effects of Hydroxyzine
1.Dizziness
2.Drowsiness
3.Involuntary motor activity
4.Dry mouth
5.Nausea
6.Gastric disturbances
Contra-indications of Hydroxyzine
Hypersensitivity to Hydroxyzine
Special Precautions while taking Hydroxyzine
1.Renal diseases
2.Hepatic disease
3.Heart disease
4.Epilepsy
5.Narrow angle glaucoma
6.Prostatic hyperplasia
7.COPD
8.Use caution while driving or operate machines or involve any hazardous activities.
Pregnancy Related Information
Contraindicated.
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated.
Children Related Information
Use with caution.
NEONATES: contraindicated.
Indications for Hydroxyzine
1.Anxiety
2.Pre and postoperative sedation
3.Urticaria
4.Dermatoses
Interactions for Hydroxyzine
CNS Depressants (Barbiturates, hypnotics, opiod analgesics): Potentiation of CNS depressant effect.
MAOIs, TCAs, Atropine: Potentiate antimuscarinic effects.
Aminoglycosides: Ototoxicity of aminoglycosides masked.
Aminophyllline, Benzyl penicillin, Chloramphenicol: Incompatible with these drugs.
Incompatibility reported with aminophylline, benzyl penicillin salts, chloramphenicol, sodium succinate, thioridazine and some soluble barbiturates.
Typical Dosage for Hydroxyzine
Adult: Anxiety: 200 - 400 mg in 4 divided dose
Urticaria and dermatoses: 25 mg at night. Dose can be increased to 75 - 100 mg/day in 3 or 4 divided doses
Children
Anxiety:
Children > 6 years: 25 mg 2 or 4 times a day
Children 6 months to 6 years: 25 mg 2 times a day
Urticaria and dermatoses:
> 6 years: 15 - 25 mg at night. Dose can be increased to 50 - 100 mg/day in divided doses
Children 6 months to 6 years: 5 - 15 mg at night. Dose can be increased to 50 mg/day in divided doses
Schedule of Hydroxyzine
H
Storage Requirements for Hydroxyzine
Store at 15 - 30 degree C in a tightly closed container. Protect from heat and light. Keep out of the reach of children.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Hydroxyzine
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time to take the next dose then skip the missed dose.
Effects of Overdose of Hydroxyzine
Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. Gastric lavage has to be done if the ingestion is recent. Hypotension can be treated with IV fluids or vasopressors like Phenylephrine or Metaraminol.

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Ephedrine + Theophylline + Hydroxyzine is a generic medicine name and there are several brands available for it. Some of the brands for ephedrine + theophylline + hydroxyzine might be better known than ephedrine + theophylline + hydroxyzine itself. If the pharmacy that's willing to deliver medicines to your home doesn't have ephedrine + theophylline + hydroxyzine in stock, you can ask for one of the branded alternatives for ephedrine + theophylline + hydroxyzine.