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- Pharmacology For Ketotifen + Theophylline
Ketotifen + Theophylline Pharmacology
Ketotifen + Theophylline
About Ketotifen + TheophyllineN/AMechanism of Action of Ketotifen + TheophyllineN/APharmacokinets of Ketotifen + TheophyllineN/AOnset of Action for Ketotifen + TheophyllineN/ADuration of Action for Ketotifen + TheophyllineN/AHalf Life of Ketotifen + TheophyllineN/ASide Effects of Ketotifen + TheophyllineN/AContra-indications of Ketotifen + TheophyllineN/ASpecial Precautions while taking Ketotifen + TheophyllineN/APregnancy Related InformationN/AOld Age Related InformationN/ABreast Feeding Related InformationN/AChildren Related InformationN/AIndications for Ketotifen + TheophyllineN/AInteractions for Ketotifen + TheophyllineN/ATypical Dosage for Ketotifen + TheophyllineN/ASchedule of Ketotifen + TheophyllineN/AStorage Requirements for Ketotifen + TheophyllineN/AEffects of Missed Dosage of Ketotifen + TheophyllineN/AEffects of Overdose of Ketotifen + TheophyllineN/AKetotifen
About KetotifenSecond Generation H1 Antagonist, Mast Cell Stabilizer, Antihistamine.Mechanism of Action of KetotifenIt is a mast cell stabilizer. This inhibit the development of airway hyper reactivity (associated with activation of platelets by PAF (Platelet Activating Factor) or caused by neural activation following the use of sympathomimetic drugs or the exposure to allergen) by suppressing the priming of eosinophils by human recombinant cytokines and thereby suppression of the influx of eosinophils into inflammatory site. In addition, Ketotifen is a potent antiallergic substance possessing a powerful and sustained noncompetitive histamine (H 1) blocking property. As a result the level of the cell cAMP is enhanced and eosinophilic infiltration is inhibited.Pharmacokinets of KetotifenAbsorption-Rapidly absorbed after oral administration.
Distribution-75% bound to the plasma proteins.
Metabolism- Metabolized in the liver to its metabolites. Drug also undergo pre systemic metabolism. Ketotifen- N-glucoronide is its inactive metabolite.
Excretion- Excreted through urine (1% as unchanged form).
Onset of Action for Ketotifen4-6 weeksDuration of Action for KetotifenN/AHalf Life of KetotifenIts plasma half life is 21 hrsSide Effects of Ketotifen1. Drowsiness
2. Dry mouth
3. Dizziness
4. CNS stimulation
5. Weight gain
Contra-indications of Ketotifen1. Hypersensitivity to the drug
2. Glaucoma
Special Precautions while taking Ketotifen1. Previous antiasthmatic treatment(minimum of 2 weeks)
2. Any work which require mental alertness such as driving or machine operating
Pregnancy Related InformationUse with cautionOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationUse with cautionChildren Related InformationUse with cautionIndications for Ketotifen1. Rhinitis
2. Conjunctivitis
3. Prophylaxis for bronchial asthma
Interactions for KetotifenSedatives, Hypnotics & Alcohol: May potentiate the effects of these agents, leading to CNS depression.
Oral antidiabetics: Avoid as fall in thrombocyte count reported.
Typical Dosage for KetotifenOral-
Adult-
1-2 mg once daily with food.
Children (>2yrs)-
1mg once daily with food
Schedule of KetotifenN/AStorage Requirements for KetotifenStore in a cool dry place, away from direct heat and light. Keep out of the reach of children.Effects of Missed Dosage of KetotifenTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of KetotifenGive symptomatic and supportive treatment.Theophylline
About TheophyllineBronchodilator, a methylxanthine derivative, Anti asthma, in COPD.Mechanism of Action of TheophyllineIt inhibit phosphodiesterase enzyme which degrades cyclic nucleotides intracellularly and it results the cyclic AMP accumulation in the cell. This cause bronchodialatation, cardiac stimulation and vasodilatation. This drug release calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulam, especially in cardiac muscles and results increased cardiac muscle contraction. This drug also blocks adenosine receptors (adenosine acts as a local mediator in CNS & CVS and other organs- which contracts smooth muscles, especially in bronchi, blood vessels etc). This results bronchodialatation and vasodialatation.Pharmacokinets of TheophyllineAbsorption- Well absorbed after oral administration. Rapidly and well absorbed after intravenous administration.
Distribution- Widely distributed in the body. 40% bound to the plasma proteins.
Metabolism- Metabolized in the liver by demethylation and oxidation. 1-methyluric acid is its metabolite.
Excretion- Excreted through urine.
Onset of Action for Theophylline15 to 60 min. after oral administration and 15 minutes after intravenous administration.Duration of Action for TheophyllineN/AHalf Life of TheophyllineIts plasma half life is 8 hrsSide Effects of Theophylline1. Upset stomach
2. Stomach pain
3. Diarrhea
4. Headache
5. Restlessness
6. Insomnia
7. Irritability
8. Vomiting
9. Increased or rapid heart rate
10. Irregular heartbeat
11. Seizures
12. Skin rash
Contra-indications of Theophylline1. Hypersensitivity to the drug
2. Peptic ulcer
3. Underlying seizure disorders
Special Precautions while taking Theophylline1. Cardiac disease
2. Hypertension
3. Hyperthyroidism
4. Hepatic impairment
5. Fever
Pregnancy Related InformationUse with cautionOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationUse with cautionChildren Related InformationUse with cautionIndications for Theophylline1. Asthma
2. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
3. Chronic bronchitis
4. Emphysema
5. It can be used in premature infants who stop breathing
Interactions for TheophyllineBenzodiazepines: Sedative effects may be antagonized.
Beta agonists: Additive effect.
Halothane: Catecholamine induced arrhythmias may occur.
Tetracyclines: Theophylline adverse reaction may be enhanced.
Food: Theophylline elimination is increased by a low carbohydrate, high protein diet.
Typical Dosage for TheophyllineAdults:
Long term management of chronic bronchospasm: 300 to 1000 mg daily in divided doses in every 6 to 8 hrs or 175 to 500 mg every 12 hrs for modified release preparations.
Bronchospasm-
Adults-
5mg/kg body weight every 6 to 8 hrs.
Children- 5 mg/kg every 4 to 6 hrs.
Neonatal apnoea of prematurity-
Child-
More than 24days - 5mg/kg as maintenance dose and 1.5mg/kg every 12 hrs as loading dose.
Less than 24 days- 1mg/kg every 12 hrs.
Intravenous- Management of severe bronchospasm-
Adult- 4 to 5 mg/kg as loading dose over 20 to 30 minutes.
0.4 mg/kg/hr as maintenance dose.
Children- 4 to 5 mg/kg as loading dose over 20 to 30 minutes.
0.8mg/kg/hr as maintenance dose.
Schedule of TheophyllineN/AStorage Requirements for TheophyllineStore it at room temperature and away from excess heat and moisture.Effects of Missed Dosage of TheophyllineTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of TheophyllineGive symptomatic and supportive treatment. Induce emesis except in convulsive patient. Administer activated charcoal or cathartics to prevent further absorption of the drug.Home Delivery for Ketotifen + Theophylline in Your City
Medicine India is just a publishing medium for medicine related information and does not provide services or sales of medicines including ketotifen + theophylline.
However, we do publish a comprehensive directory of Pharmacies, Chemists and Druggists in cities all over India. You can use this directory to find the medicine stores in your city (or area) that provide home delivery services for ketotifen + theophylline and other medicines and health products. Home delivery services for ketotifen + theophylline may be free or they may cost you depending on the pharmacy and the minimum order requirements. It would be best to get this clarified while placing the order.
Please be aware that you should take ketotifen + theophylline only if a doctor has recommended or prescribed it. Some or all pharmacies who provide a home delivery service for medicines might insist on a prescription for ketotifen + theophylline before they complete the sale. You can get this information while placing the order for ketotifen + theophylline with the pharmacy.
Ketotifen + Theophylline is a generic medicine name and there are several brands available for it. Some of the brands for ketotifen + theophylline might be better known than ketotifen + theophylline itself. If the pharmacy that's willing to deliver medicines to your home doesn't have ketotifen + theophylline in stock, you can ask for one of the branded alternatives for ketotifen + theophylline.
