Sodium Alginate + Sodium Bicarbonate Pharmacology

Sodium Alginate + Sodium Bicarbonate

About Sodium Alginate + Sodium Bicarbonate
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Mechanism of Action of Sodium Alginate + Sodium Bicarbonate
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Pharmacokinets of Sodium Alginate + Sodium Bicarbonate
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Onset of Action for Sodium Alginate + Sodium Bicarbonate
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Duration of Action for Sodium Alginate + Sodium Bicarbonate
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Half Life of Sodium Alginate + Sodium Bicarbonate
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Side Effects of Sodium Alginate + Sodium Bicarbonate
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Contra-indications of Sodium Alginate + Sodium Bicarbonate
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Special Precautions while taking Sodium Alginate + Sodium Bicarbonate
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Pregnancy Related Information
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Old Age Related Information
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Breast Feeding Related Information
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Children Related Information
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Indications for Sodium Alginate + Sodium Bicarbonate
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Interactions for Sodium Alginate + Sodium Bicarbonate
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Typical Dosage for Sodium Alginate + Sodium Bicarbonate
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Schedule of Sodium Alginate + Sodium Bicarbonate
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Storage Requirements for Sodium Alginate + Sodium Bicarbonate
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Effects of Missed Dosage of Sodium Alginate + Sodium Bicarbonate
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Effects of Overdose of Sodium Alginate + Sodium Bicarbonate
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Sodium Alginate

About Sodium Alginate
A hydrophilic colloidal polysaccharide, Added to an antacid as protective agent.
Mechanism of Action of Sodium Alginate
Sodium alginate is the sodium salt of alginic acid.Alginic acid powder swells when wetted with water. This may prevent reflux of acid into the esophagus by keeping the gastric contents in place and reduce the likelihood of reflux irritating the lining of the esophagus. The sodium calcium alginate fibres in haemostatic wound dressings absorbed by body fluids, as the calcium in the fiber is exchanged for sodium from the body fluids mixed salts of sodium and calcium alginate, and processed into non-woven fabric that is used in wound dressings. It binds with heavy metals and radioactive substances to its own molecules. It cannot be broken down by bile or saliva to be absorbed and secreted from the body together with heavy metals and radioactive substances.
Pharmacokinets of Sodium Alginate
When ingested, Sodium alginate releases alginic acid and almost all of the alginic acid remains undigested and is excreted either unchanged or as an alginate.
Onset of Action for Sodium Alginate
N/A
Duration of Action for Sodium Alginate
30 to 60 minutes
Half Life of Sodium Alginate
N/A
Side Effects of Sodium Alginate
1. Abdominal distension
2. Flatulence
3. Chalky taste in your mouth
4. Constipation
5. Diarrhea
6. Nausea
7. Vomiting.
Contra-indications of Sodium Alginate
1. Hypersensitivity to the drug
2. Heart failure.
3. Renal failure.
Special Precautions while taking Sodium Alginate
1.Allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances
2.Alzheimer disease
3.Appendicitis
4.Diarrhoea
5.Stomach blockage
6.Kidney problems
7.Liver problems
8.Ileostomy
9.Congestive heart failure
10.Decreased urination
11.Fluid retention
12.Rectal bleeding of unknown cause
13.Recently had stomach bleeding
14.Patient on low salt diet
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Indications for Sodium Alginate
1. Heartburn (including heartburn of pregnancy)
2. Dyspepsia
3. Reflux oesophagitis
4. Hiatus hernia.
5. Protect inflamed areas near the entrance to the stomach (Sodium alginate)
Interactions for Sodium Alginate
N/A
Typical Dosage for Sodium Alginate
Take the drug as directed by the physician.
Schedule of Sodium Alginate
N/A
Storage Requirements for Sodium Alginate
Store below 25?C in a tightly closed container.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Sodium Alginate
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Sodium Alginate
Give symptomatic and supportive treatment.

Sodium Bicarbonate

About Sodium Bicarbonate
Sodium compound, Systemic Antacid ,alkalinizer.
Mechanism of Action of Sodium Bicarbonate
Sodium bicarbonate in water dissociates to sodium (Na+) and bicarbonate (HCO3 -) ions. Sodium (Na+) is the principal cation of the extracellular fluid and it maintains fluid and electrolyte disturbances. Bicarbonate (HC03 -) is a normal constituent of body fluids. Plasma concentration is regulated by the kidney through acidification of the urine when there is a deficit or by alkalinization of the urine when there is an excess. Bicarbonate anion is considered ``labile`` since at a proper concentration of hydrogen ion (H+) it may be converted to carbonic acid (H2CO3) and hence to its volatile form, carbon dioxide (CO2) which is excreted by the lung.
Sodium bicarbonate can neutralize or reduce acids in the blood, or urine. It is also used in emergency medical situations (heart attacks, serious kidney or lung problems) to correct the normal acid-base balance in the blood or as an aid in treating overdoses with certain types of medications.Intravenous sodium bicarbonate therapy increases plasma bicarbonate, buffers excess hydrogen ion concentration, raises blood pH and reverses the clinical manifestations of acidosis.
Sodium bicarbonate is used in a serious condition called metabolic acidosis. This is when the acidity of blood and tissues is abnormally high. It arises when the body`s normal acid balancing mechanisms fail, for example, in cardiac arrest or severe kidney disease. Sodium bicarbonate neutralises the excess acid.
Pharmacokinets of Sodium Bicarbonate
Absorption: Sodium bicarbonate is well absorbed and reabsorbed after parenteral administration in ionized forms.
Excretion: Less than 1% is excreted in urine.
Onset of Action for Sodium Bicarbonate
N/A
Duration of Action for Sodium Bicarbonate
N/A
Half Life of Sodium Bicarbonate
N/A
Side Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate
1. Gastric disturbances
2. Belching
3. Flatulence
4. Hypernatraemia
5. Alkalosis
6. Pain at the site of injection
7. Venous irritation
8. Chemical cellulites
9. Ulceration
10. Tissue necrosis at the site of infiltration confusion
11. Swelling of the feet and legs
Contra-indications of Sodium Bicarbonate
1. Metabolic alkalosis
2. Respiratory alkalosis
3. Patients losing chlorides by vomiting or from continuous suction
4. Patient on diuretics which produces hypochloremic alkalosis
5. Hypocalcaemia in which alkalosis may produce tetany
6. Hypertension
7. Seizure
8. Heart failure
6. Hypernatreamia
Special Precautions while taking Sodium Bicarbonate
1. Renal impairment
2. Edema with sodium retention
3. Oliguria
4. Cushing`s syndrome
5. Dehydration
6. Heart problems
7. Hyperventilation
8. Low blood levels of calcium or potassium
9. Ulcers in the esophagus
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Indications for Sodium Bicarbonate
1. Metabolic acidosis
2. Severe diarrhoea
3. Urine alkalinization
Interactions for Sodium Bicarbonate
The renal clearance of the following agents may be :
a) increased - Chlorpropamide, lithium, methotrexate, salicylate, tetracycline.
b) decreased - Anorexients, quinidine, sympathomimetics.
Incompatibility : Avoid adding sodium bicarbonate to parenteral solution containing calcium, precipitation may result. Norepinephrine and dobutamine are incompatible.
Typical Dosage for Sodium Bicarbonate
Adult:
Parenteral
In cardiac arrest: 200 - 300 mEq of a 7.5 - 8.4 % solution as rapidly as possible and in emergency inject 300 - 500 ml of 5% solution.
Metabolic acidosis: 90 - 180 mEq/L as IV during first hour and then adjust the dose depending on patients response.
Urinary alkalization: 0.325 - 2 g in 3- 4 times daily for patients above 60 years maximum dose is 8g and in patients below 60 years is 17 g.
Children: 1 - 10 mEq/kg / day
Children up to two years of age: 1 mEq / kg IV bolus of 4.2% solution and dose may be repeated every 10 minutes. Maximum daily dose: 8 mEq/ kg
Schedule of Sodium Bicarbonate
N/A
Storage Requirements for Sodium Bicarbonate
Store at room temperature between 15 and 30 degrees C Do not freeze. Keep out of the reach of children
Effects of Missed Dosage of Sodium Bicarbonate
Do not apply
Effects of Overdose of Sodium Bicarbonate
Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. Correct the electrolyte balance. Ammonium chloride can be given in severe alkalosis.

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