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- Pharmacology For Lignocaine+Betamethasone valerate+Phenylephrine
Lignocaine+Betamethasone valerate+Phenylephrine Pharmacology
Lignocaine+Betamethasone valerate+Phenylephrine
About Lignocaine+Betamethasone valerate+PhenylephrineN/AMechanism of Action of Lignocaine+Betamethasone valerate+PhenylephrineN/APharmacokinets of Lignocaine+Betamethasone valerate+PhenylephrineN/AOnset of Action for Lignocaine+Betamethasone valerate+PhenylephrineN/ADuration of Action for Lignocaine+Betamethasone valerate+PhenylephrineN/AHalf Life of Lignocaine+Betamethasone valerate+PhenylephrineN/ASide Effects of Lignocaine+Betamethasone valerate+PhenylephrineN/AContra-indications of Lignocaine+Betamethasone valerate+PhenylephrineN/ASpecial Precautions while taking Lignocaine+Betamethasone valerate+PhenylephrineN/APregnancy Related InformationN/AOld Age Related InformationN/ABreast Feeding Related InformationN/AChildren Related InformationN/AIndications for Lignocaine+Betamethasone valerate+PhenylephrineN/AInteractions for Lignocaine+Betamethasone valerate+PhenylephrineN/ATypical Dosage for Lignocaine+Betamethasone valerate+PhenylephrineN/ASchedule of Lignocaine+Betamethasone valerate+PhenylephrineN/AStorage Requirements for Lignocaine+Betamethasone valerate+PhenylephrineN/AEffects of Missed Dosage of Lignocaine+Betamethasone valerate+PhenylephrineN/AEffects of Overdose of Lignocaine+Betamethasone valerate+PhenylephrineN/ALignocaine
About LignocaineLincosamide antibiotic , Antibiotic.Mechanism of Action of LignocaineN/APharmacokinets of LignocaineN/AOnset of Action for LignocaineN/ADuration of Action for LignocaineN/AHalf Life of LignocaineN/ASide Effects of LignocaineN/AContra-indications of LignocaineN/ASpecial Precautions while taking LignocaineN/APregnancy Related InformationN/AOld Age Related InformationN/ABreast Feeding Related InformationN/AChildren Related InformationN/AIndications for LignocaineN/AInteractions for LignocaineN/ATypical Dosage for LignocaineN/ASchedule of LignocaineN/AStorage Requirements for LignocaineN/AEffects of Missed Dosage of LignocaineN/AEffects of Overdose of LignocaineN/ABetamethasone valerate
About Betamethasone valerateIt is a topical steroid
Mechanism of Action of Betamethasone valerateThe drug exerts it`s pharmacological action by penetrating and binding to cytoplasmic receptor protein and causes a structural change in steroid receptor complex. This structural change allows it`s migration in to the nucleus and then binding to specific sites on the DNA which leads to transcription of specific m-RNA and which ultimately regulates protein synthesis. It exerts highly selective glucocorticoid action. It stimulates the enzymes needed to decrease the inflammatory response.
The drug exerts anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant actions as follows: - 1) Induce lipocortins in macrophages, endothelium, and fibroblasts which inhibits phospholipase A2 and thus decreases the production of Prostaglandins, leukotriens (LT), and platelet activating factor, 2) Causes negative regulation of genes for cytokines in macrophages, endothelial cells and lymphocytes and thus decreases the production of interleukins (IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-6), TNF-alpha, GM-CSF (granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor), Gama interferon and suppresses fibroblast proliferation and T-lymphocyte functions and interferes chemotaxis. 3) Decreases the production of acute phase reactants from macrophages and endothelial cells and interferes complement function. 4) Decreases the production of ELAM-1(Endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1) and ICAM-1(intracellular adhesion molecule-1) in endothelial cells. 5) Inhibit IgE mediated histamine and LT-C4 release from basophiles and the effects of antigen-antibody reaction is not mediated 6) Reduces the production of collagenase and stromolysin and thus prevents tissue destruction.
Pharmacokinets of Betamethasone valerateAbsorption: It is absorbed in to the systemic circulation and the amount is depending on the potency, amount applied and the nature of the skin at the site of application. Absorption increases at the site of skin damage, inflammation or occlusion.
Onset of Action for Betamethasone valerateN/ADuration of Action for Betamethasone valerateN/AHalf Life of Betamethasone valerateN/ASide Effects of Betamethasone valerate1.Thinning of the skin
2.Loss of elasticity
3.Increased hair growth
4.Acne at the site of application
5.Mild depigmentation
6.Rosacea
Contra-indications of Betamethasone valerate1.Untreated bacterial, virus or fungal infections
2.Acne vulgaris,
3.Peri-oral dermatitis,
4.Scabies,
5.Leg ulcers,
6.Tuberculosis of the skin,
7.Varicose ulcers,
8.Skin lesions caused by infections with ring worm,. fungi (e.g. Candida, Tinea) or bacteria (e.g. impetigo)
9.Hypersensitivity to Betamethasone and other corticosteroids.
10.Discoid lupus Erythematosus
Special Precautions while taking Betamethasone valerate1.Avoid contact with eyes
2.For external use only
3.Prolonged use
Pregnancy Related InformationUse with cautionOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationUse with cautionChildren Related InformationUse with caution
NEONATES: contraindicatedIndications for Betamethasone valerate1.Psoriasis,
2.Eczema,
3.Otitis externa,
4.Lichen simplex and planus,
5.Anal and vulval Pruritis,
6.Seborrheic dermatitis,
7.Contact dermatitis,
8.Steroidal responsive dermatoses of the scalp
Interactions for Betamethasone valerateN/ATypical Dosage for Betamethasone valerateTopical:
Betamethasone Valerate: Apply to the affected area as thin film 1 - 4 times daily depending upon the severity, skin and rate of absorption.
Dermatoses of the scalp: (Betamethasone Valerate 0.12%): Small amount of foam is applied in to the scalp with gentle massage 2 times a day for up to 2 weeks.
Schedule of Betamethasone valerateN/AStorage Requirements for Betamethasone valerateStore at room temperature in a well closed; light resistant container. Protect from excess heat and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.Effects of Missed Dosage of Betamethasone valerateApply the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of Betamethasone valerateProvide symptomatic treatment and supportive measures.Phenylephrine
About PhenylephrineAn a1-adrenergic receptor agonist, Phenethylamine derivative, Decongestant, Antiglaucoma, Mydriatic.Mechanism of Action of PhenylephrineThe drug exerts it`s pharmacological action by acting as a selective alpha-1 adrenergic agonist. It causes vasoconstriction and increases total peripheral resistance and raises blood pressure. It reduces intraocular tension by constricting ciliary body blood vessels and produce mydriasis (without cycloplegia). It exerts nasal decongestant action; by vasoconstrictory action on arterioles of nasal mucosa. It prolongs and localizes the action of anaesthetics due to it`s vasoconstrictory action on skin, mucous membrane, and viscera and thus slows the rate of absorption of local anaesthetics.Pharmacokinets of PhenylephrineAbsorption: Variable depending up on the route of administration. Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver and intestine.Onset of Action for PhenylephrineNasal: Rapid
Ophthalmic: Rapid
I.V.: Rapid
I.M.: Within 15 minutes
Duration of Action for PhenylephrineNasal: ? to 4 hours
Ophthalmic: 3 to 7 hours
I.V.: 15 to 20 minutes
I.M.: ? to 2 hours.
Half Life of PhenylephrineN/ASide Effects of Phenylephrine1.Bradycardia
2.Arrhythmias
3.Hypertension
4.Tachycardia
5.Palpitations
6.Premature ventricular contractions
7.Pallor
8.Headache
9.Dizziness
10.Nervousness
11.Brow ache(with ophthalmic form)
12.Burning or stinging in eye
13.Blurred vision
14.Elevated intraocular pressure
15.Nausea
16.Episodes of asthma
17.Tachyphylaxis
18.Anaphylaxis
Contra-indications of Phenylephrine1.Hypersensitivity to the drug
2.Hyperthyroidism
3.Ventricular tachycardia and severe hypertension (Injected form)
4.Angle closure glaucoma and in those who wear soft contact lenses(ophthalmic form)
Special Precautions while taking Phenylephrine1.Coronary diseases
2.Advanced arteriosclerosis
3.Bradycardia
4.Partial heart block
5.Myocardial diseases
6.Atherosclerosis
7.Hypertension
8.Nasal and ophthalmic form use cautiously in type-1 diabetes mellitus
Pregnancy Related InformationUse with cautionOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationUse with cautionChildren Related InformationUse with caution
Below age 6:contraindicatedIndications for Phenylephrine1.Hypotension
2.Paroxysmal supra ventricular tachycardia
3.Maintain blood pressure during spinal and inhalation anaesthesia
4.Prolongation of spinal anaesthesia
5.Shock
6.Mydriasis(without cycloplegia)
7.Nasal congestion.
8.Cataract
Interactions for PhenylephrineMay interact with systemically administered MAOIs.Typical Dosage for PhenylephrineI.M. or S.C.: 2 to 5mg. Then if required; give doses up to 10mg.
Slow I.V. injection: 0.1 to 0.5mg. Then if required; repeat after 15 minutes.
I.V. infusion: Starts with 0.18mg/minute. Then adjust the dosage up to 0.03 to 0.06mg/minute based on patient`s response.
Nasal congestion: Apply 2 to 3 drops or 1 to 2 sprays of 0.25% to 1% solution instilled in each nostril.
Mydriasis (without cycloplegia): Instill 1 to 2drops 2.5% or 10% solution in eye. Repeated if required.
Prolongation of spinal anaesthesia: 2 to 5mg added to anaesthetic solution.
Schedule of PhenylephrineN/AStorage Requirements for PhenylephrineStore at controlled room temperature at range of 15 to 30 degree C. in a well closed container. Protect from light.Effects of Missed Dosage of PhenylephrineTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of PhenylephrineDiscontinue the drug and give supportive and symptomatic treatment. Closely monitor vital signs. Use atropine sulfate to block reflex Bradycardia. Treat excessive hypertension with phentolamine. Treat cardiac arrhythmia with propranolol. Treat excessive mydriatic effect with levodopa.
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