Neomycin + Betamethasone (Eye/Ear) Pharmacology

Neomycin + Betamethasone (Eye/Ear)

About Neomycin + Betamethasone (Eye/Ear)
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Mechanism of Action of Neomycin + Betamethasone (Eye/Ear)
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Pharmacokinets of Neomycin + Betamethasone (Eye/Ear)
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Onset of Action for Neomycin + Betamethasone (Eye/Ear)
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Duration of Action for Neomycin + Betamethasone (Eye/Ear)
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Half Life of Neomycin + Betamethasone (Eye/Ear)
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Side Effects of Neomycin + Betamethasone (Eye/Ear)
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Contra-indications of Neomycin + Betamethasone (Eye/Ear)
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Special Precautions while taking Neomycin + Betamethasone (Eye/Ear)
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Pregnancy Related Information
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Old Age Related Information
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Breast Feeding Related Information
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Children Related Information
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Indications for Neomycin + Betamethasone (Eye/Ear)
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Interactions for Neomycin + Betamethasone (Eye/Ear)
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Typical Dosage for Neomycin + Betamethasone (Eye/Ear)
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Schedule of Neomycin + Betamethasone (Eye/Ear)
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Storage Requirements for Neomycin + Betamethasone (Eye/Ear)
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Effects of Missed Dosage of Neomycin + Betamethasone (Eye/Ear)
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Effects of Overdose of Neomycin + Betamethasone (Eye/Ear)
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Neomycin

About Neomycin
An aminoglycoside, Antibiotic, Ammonium Detoxicant.
Mechanism of Action of Neomycin
This aminoglycoside cause protein synthesis inhibition by "irreversibly" bind to specific 30S-subunit proteins and 16S rRNA. Specifically Neomycin binds to four nucleotides of 16S rRNA and a single amino acid of protein S12. This interferes with decoding site in the vicinity of nucleotide 1400 in 16S rRNA of 30S subunit. This region interacts with the wobble base in the anticodon of tRNA. This leads to interference with the initiation complex, misreading of mRNA so incorrect amino acids are inserted into the polypeptide leading to nonfunctional or toxic peptides and the breakup of polysomes into nonfunctional monosomes.
Pharmacokinets of Neomycin
Absorption- Poorly absorbed after oral administration
Distribution- Rapidly distributed in the body after oral administration. 30% bound to the plasma proteins. It crosses the placenta
Metabolism- Not metabolized
Excretion- Excreted through urine and feces (primarily as unchanged form). It also excreted through breast milk
Onset of Action for Neomycin
1 to 4 hr after oral administration
Duration of Action for Neomycin
8hrs after oral administration
Half Life of Neomycin
Its plasma half life is 2 to 3 hrs
Side Effects of Neomycin
1. Rash
2. Diarrhoea
3. Inflammation of the large intestine (colitis)
4. Nausea
5. Vomiting
6. Ototoxicity
7. Damage to the kidneys
8. Damage to vestibular function within the ear
Contra-indications of Neomycin
1. Hypersensitivity to the drug or any ingredients of it
2. Hypersensitivity to other amino glycosides
3. Intestinal obstruction
Special Precautions while taking Neomycin
1. Impaired renal function
2. Neuromuscular disorder
3. Ulcerative bowel lesions
4. Extensive dermatologic conditions
5. Any other eye infection or condition
6. Glaucoma
7. Cataract surgery
8. Blockage of the bowel
9. Eighth-cranial-nerve disease (loss of hearing and/or balance)
10. Kidney disease
11. Myasthenia gravis
12. Parkinson`s disease
13. Ulcers of the bowel
Pregnancy Related Information
Contraindicated
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Indications for Neomycin
1. Coma due to liver disease
2. Preventing infection following surgery
3. Topical infections
4. Systemic infections
Interactions for Neomycin
N/A
Typical Dosage for Neomycin
Ophthalmic suspension:
Adults-
1 or 2 drops every three or four hours- For eye infection
Oral (solution, tablets):
Adults and teenagers-
1 to 3 grams every six hours for five or six days- coma from liver disease
Adults and teenagers-
1 gram every hour for four hours, then 1 gram every four hours for the rest of a twenty-four hour period; or 1 gram nineteen hours before surgery, 1 gram eighteen hours before surgery, and 1 gram nine hours before surgery- cleaning the bowel before surgery.
Children-
14.7 milligrams mg/kg or 6.7 mg/ pound every four hours for three days
Ear preparation:
Adults and children-
2 to 5 drops into ear canal 3 to 4 times daily for 7 to 10 days- External ear canal infection
Schedule of Neomycin
C
Storage Requirements for Neomycin
Eye preparations store in the refrigerator protected from strong light. Do not freeze. Others are stored at <250C. Keep out of reach of children.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Neomycin
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Neomycin
Give symptomatic and supportive treatment. Provide haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis to remove the drug. Treated with calcium salts or anticholinesterase to reverses neuromuscular blockade. Administer activated charcoal to prevent the further absorption of drug

Betamethasone (Eye/Ear)

About Betamethasone (Eye/Ear)
Potent glucocorticoid, Anti-inflammatory.
Mechanism of Action of Betamethasone (Eye/Ear)

The drug exerts its pharmacological action by penetrating and binding to cytoplasmic receptor protein and causes a structural change in steroid receptor complex. This structural change allows its migration in to the nucleus and then binding to specific sites on the DNA which leads to transcription of specific m-RNA and which ultimately regulates protein synthesis. It exerts highly selective glucocorticoid action. It stimulates the enzymes needed to decrease the inflammatory response.
The drug exerts anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant actions as follows: - 1) Induce lipocortins in macrophages, endothelium, and fibroblasts which inhibits phospholipase A2 and thus decreases the production of Prostaglandins, leukotriens (LT), and platelet activating factor, 2) Causes negative regulation of genes for cytokines in macrophages, endothelial cells and lymphocytes and thus decreases the production of interleukins (IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-6), TNF-alpha, GM-CSF (granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor), Gama interferon and suppresses fibroblast proliferation and T-lymphocyte functions and interferes chemotaxis. 3) Decreases the production of acute phase reactants from macrophages and endothelial cells and interferes complement function. 4) Decreases the production of ELAM-1(Endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1) and ICAM-1(intracellular adhesion molecule-1) in endothelial cells. 5) Inhibit IgE mediated histamine and LT-C4 release from basophiles and the effects of antigen-antibody reaction is not mediated 6) Reduces the production of collagenase and stromolysin and thus prevents tissue destruction.
Pharmacokinets of Betamethasone (Eye/Ear)
Absorption:It is administered as eye drop
Onset of Action for Betamethasone (Eye/Ear)
N/A
Duration of Action for Betamethasone (Eye/Ear)
N/A
Half Life of Betamethasone (Eye/Ear)
N/A
Side Effects of Betamethasone (Eye/Ear)
1.Itching
2.Blurred vision
3.Burning sensation
4.Eye irritation
5.Allergic dermatitis
6.Increased pressure within the eye
7.Stinging
Contra-indications of Betamethasone (Eye/Ear)
1.Eye conditions producing pus
2.Fungal infections of the eye
3.Glaucoma
4.Herpetic keratitis
5.Tuberculosis infection affecting the eye
6.Viral infections of the eye


Special Precautions while taking Betamethasone (Eye/Ear)
Prolonged use
Pregnancy Related Information
N/A
Old Age Related Information
N/A
Breast Feeding Related Information
N/A
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Indications for Betamethasone (Eye/Ear)
1.Inflammation of the eye
Interactions for Betamethasone (Eye/Ear)
N/A
Typical Dosage for Betamethasone (Eye/Ear)
Adult:Apply the eye drop every 1-2 hours until controlled and then reduce the frequency 2 - 4 times daily.
Schedule of Betamethasone (Eye/Ear)
N/A
Storage Requirements for Betamethasone (Eye/Ear)
Store in a cool, dry place. Protect from direct light and heat. Discard this preparation one month after opening. Keep out of reach of children
Effects of Missed Dosage of Betamethasone (Eye/Ear)
Apply the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Betamethasone (Eye/Ear)
Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. The exposed eye should be irrigated with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes

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Neomycin + Betamethasone (Eye/Ear) is a generic medicine name and there are several brands available for it. Some of the brands for neomycin + betamethasone (eye/ear) might be better known than neomycin + betamethasone (eye/ear) itself. If the pharmacy that's willing to deliver medicines to your home doesn't have neomycin + betamethasone (eye/ear) in stock, you can ask for one of the branded alternatives for neomycin + betamethasone (eye/ear).