Phenylephrine + Naphazoline (Eye Pre.) Pharmacology

Phenylephrine + Naphazoline (Eye Pre.)

About Phenylephrine + Naphazoline (Eye Pre.)
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Mechanism of Action of Phenylephrine + Naphazoline (Eye Pre.)
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Pharmacokinets of Phenylephrine + Naphazoline (Eye Pre.)
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Onset of Action for Phenylephrine + Naphazoline (Eye Pre.)
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Duration of Action for Phenylephrine + Naphazoline (Eye Pre.)
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Half Life of Phenylephrine + Naphazoline (Eye Pre.)
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Side Effects of Phenylephrine + Naphazoline (Eye Pre.)
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Contra-indications of Phenylephrine + Naphazoline (Eye Pre.)
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Special Precautions while taking Phenylephrine + Naphazoline (Eye Pre.)
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Pregnancy Related Information
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Old Age Related Information
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Breast Feeding Related Information
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Children Related Information
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Indications for Phenylephrine + Naphazoline (Eye Pre.)
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Interactions for Phenylephrine + Naphazoline (Eye Pre.)
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Typical Dosage for Phenylephrine + Naphazoline (Eye Pre.)
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Schedule of Phenylephrine + Naphazoline (Eye Pre.)
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Storage Requirements for Phenylephrine + Naphazoline (Eye Pre.)
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Effects of Missed Dosage of Phenylephrine + Naphazoline (Eye Pre.)
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Effects of Overdose of Phenylephrine + Naphazoline (Eye Pre.)
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Phenylephrine

About Phenylephrine
An a1-adrenergic receptor agonist, Phenethylamine derivative, Decongestant, Antiglaucoma, Mydriatic.
Mechanism of Action of Phenylephrine
The drug exerts it`s pharmacological action by acting as a selective alpha-1 adrenergic agonist. It causes vasoconstriction and increases total peripheral resistance and raises blood pressure. It reduces intraocular tension by constricting ciliary body blood vessels and produce mydriasis (without cycloplegia). It exerts nasal decongestant action; by vasoconstrictory action on arterioles of nasal mucosa. It prolongs and localizes the action of anaesthetics due to it`s vasoconstrictory action on skin, mucous membrane, and viscera and thus slows the rate of absorption of local anaesthetics.
Pharmacokinets of Phenylephrine
Absorption: Variable depending up on the route of administration. Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver and intestine.
Onset of Action for Phenylephrine
Nasal: Rapid
Ophthalmic: Rapid
I.V.: Rapid
I.M.: Within 15 minutes
Duration of Action for Phenylephrine
Nasal: ? to 4 hours
Ophthalmic: 3 to 7 hours
I.V.: 15 to 20 minutes
I.M.: ? to 2 hours.


Half Life of Phenylephrine
N/A
Side Effects of Phenylephrine
1.Bradycardia
2.Arrhythmias
3.Hypertension
4.Tachycardia
5.Palpitations
6.Premature ventricular contractions
7.Pallor
8.Headache
9.Dizziness
10.Nervousness
11.Brow ache(with ophthalmic form)
12.Burning or stinging in eye
13.Blurred vision
14.Elevated intraocular pressure
15.Nausea
16.Episodes of asthma
17.Tachyphylaxis
18.Anaphylaxis


Contra-indications of Phenylephrine
1.Hypersensitivity to the drug
2.Hyperthyroidism
3.Ventricular tachycardia and severe hypertension (Injected form)
4.Angle closure glaucoma and in those who wear soft contact lenses(ophthalmic form)
Special Precautions while taking Phenylephrine
1.Coronary diseases
2.Advanced arteriosclerosis
3.Bradycardia
4.Partial heart block
5.Myocardial diseases
6.Atherosclerosis
7.Hypertension
8.Nasal and ophthalmic form use cautiously in type-1 diabetes mellitus

Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Below age 6:contraindicated
Indications for Phenylephrine
1.Hypotension
2.Paroxysmal supra ventricular tachycardia
3.Maintain blood pressure during spinal and inhalation anaesthesia
4.Prolongation of spinal anaesthesia
5.Shock
6.Mydriasis(without cycloplegia)
7.Nasal congestion.
8.Cataract

Interactions for Phenylephrine
May interact with systemically administered MAOIs.
Typical Dosage for Phenylephrine
I.M. or S.C.: 2 to 5mg. Then if required; give doses up to 10mg.
Slow I.V. injection: 0.1 to 0.5mg. Then if required; repeat after 15 minutes.
I.V. infusion: Starts with 0.18mg/minute. Then adjust the dosage up to 0.03 to 0.06mg/minute based on patient`s response.
Nasal congestion: Apply 2 to 3 drops or 1 to 2 sprays of 0.25% to 1% solution instilled in each nostril.
Mydriasis (without cycloplegia): Instill 1 to 2drops 2.5% or 10% solution in eye. Repeated if required.
Prolongation of spinal anaesthesia: 2 to 5mg added to anaesthetic solution.
Schedule of Phenylephrine
N/A
Storage Requirements for Phenylephrine
Store at controlled room temperature at range of 15 to 30 degree C. in a well closed container. Protect from light.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Phenylephrine
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Phenylephrine
Discontinue the drug and give supportive and symptomatic treatment. Closely monitor vital signs. Use atropine sulfate to block reflex Bradycardia. Treat excessive hypertension with phentolamine. Treat cardiac arrhythmia with propranolol. Treat excessive mydriatic effect with levodopa.

Naphazoline (Eye Pre.)

About Naphazoline (Eye Pre.)
Imidazoline derivative,Alpha-adrenergic agonist, A decongestant in eye allergies.
Mechanism of Action of Naphazoline (Eye Pre.)
The drug exerts its pharmacological action by acting as a selective alpha-1 adrenergic agonist. It reduces intraocular tension by constricting ciliary body blood vessels and produce mydriasis (without cycloplegia). It shrinks swollen blood vessels in the congested or red eye and in this way gets rid of the redness and whitens the eye.
Pharmacokinets of Naphazoline (Eye Pre.)
N/A
Onset of Action for Naphazoline (Eye Pre.)
Rapid
Duration of Action for Naphazoline (Eye Pre.)
3 to 7 hours
Half Life of Naphazoline (Eye Pre.)
N/A
Side Effects of Naphazoline (Eye Pre.)
1.Brow ache
2.Burning or stinging in eye
3.Blurred vision
4.Elevated intraocular pressure
5.Photophobia
6.Lacrimation
Contra-indications of Naphazoline (Eye Pre.)
1. Hypersensitivity to the drug or any ingredients of it
2. Acute angle closure glaucoma
Special Precautions while taking Naphazoline (Eye Pre.)
1.Type-1 diabetes mellitus
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Indications for Naphazoline (Eye Pre.)
1.Ocular congestion
2.Irritation and Itching of the eye
Interactions for Naphazoline (Eye Pre.)
N/A
Typical Dosage for Naphazoline (Eye Pre.)
Adults-
1 to 2 drops (0.1%) every 3 to 4 hrs or 1 to 2 drops/day (0.012% to 0.03%) for 3 to 4 days.
Mydriasis (without cycloplegia): Instill 1 to 2drops 2.5% or 10% solution in eye. Repeated if required.
Schedule of Naphazoline (Eye Pre.)
N/A
Storage Requirements for Naphazoline (Eye Pre.)
Store at room temperature in a tightly closed container. Keep away from children.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Naphazoline (Eye Pre.)
Apply the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Naphazoline (Eye Pre.)
Provide supportive measures and symptomatic treatment.

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