Calamine + Diphenhydramine + Camphor Pharmacology

Calamine + Diphenhydramine + Camphor

About Calamine + Diphenhydramine + Camphor
N/A
Mechanism of Action of Calamine + Diphenhydramine + Camphor
N/A
Pharmacokinets of Calamine + Diphenhydramine + Camphor
N/A
Onset of Action for Calamine + Diphenhydramine + Camphor
N/A
Duration of Action for Calamine + Diphenhydramine + Camphor
N/A
Half Life of Calamine + Diphenhydramine + Camphor
N/A
Side Effects of Calamine + Diphenhydramine + Camphor
N/A
Contra-indications of Calamine + Diphenhydramine + Camphor
N/A
Special Precautions while taking Calamine + Diphenhydramine + Camphor
N/A
Pregnancy Related Information
May be used; it is an external preparation and is not absorbed in to systemic circulation.
Old Age Related Information
N/A
Breast Feeding Related Information
May be used; it is an external preparation and is not absorbed in to systemic circulation.
Children Related Information
N/A
Indications for Calamine + Diphenhydramine + Camphor
Diphenhydramine provides local antihistaminic action while calamine has a soothing effect on irritated skin.
1.Irritations due to insect bites and stings
2.Sunburn
3.Skin rashes
Interactions for Calamine + Diphenhydramine + Camphor
N/A
Typical Dosage for Calamine + Diphenhydramine + Camphor
It should be applied 2 or 3 times daily to the affected areas
Schedule of Calamine + Diphenhydramine + Camphor
N/A
Storage Requirements for Calamine + Diphenhydramine + Camphor
N/A
Effects of Missed Dosage of Calamine + Diphenhydramine + Camphor
N/A
Effects of Overdose of Calamine + Diphenhydramine + Camphor
N/A

Calamine

About Calamine
Antipruritic, mild antiseptic, astringent.
Mechanism of Action of Calamine
Calamine is an anti-pruritics, which are used to relieve itching. Itching can be caused by physical irritation or chemical changes in the skin caused by disease, allergy, inflammation, side-effects of drugs, or reaction to irritant substances. It is a common symptom of skin disorders, e.g. eczema, and infection with lice or worms. Calamine is used as it has a cooling and soothing effect on the skin for symptomatic relief of the itching. It also contains the active ingredient zinc oxide, which has antiseptic properties and helps prevent infection from scratching.
Pharmacokinets of Calamine
N/A
Onset of Action for Calamine
N/A
Duration of Action for Calamine
N/A
Half Life of Calamine
N/A
Side Effects of Calamine
1.Hives
2.Difficulty breathing
3.Swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat.
Contra-indications of Calamine
1.Hypersensitivity to Calamine
2. Oozing skin
Special Precautions while taking Calamine
1.Do not use on extensive areas of skin for longer than 7 days
2.Avoid contact with mucous membranes and eyes
3.Discontinue if rash or burning sensation occurs
4.Avoid contact with eyes or mouth or nose.
Pregnancy Related Information
May be used
Old Age Related Information
May be used
Breast Feeding Related Information
May be used
Children Related Information
May be used
Indications for Calamine
1.To relieve the itching, pain, and discomfort of minor skin irritations
Interactions for Calamine
N/A
Typical Dosage for Calamine
Apply calamine directly to the skin and rub in gently, allowing to dry on your skin. Apply 3 to 4 times a day.
Schedule of Calamine
N/A
Storage Requirements for Calamine
Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.Keep out of the reach of children.

Effects of Missed Dosage of Calamine
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose.Do not double the dose.Continue the regular schedule.
Effects of Overdose of Calamine
Give supportive measures and sympptomatic treatment.

Diphenhydramine

About Diphenhydramine
First Generation H1 Antagonist ,Ethanolamine derivative, Antihistamine, antiemetic, antivertigo,sedative, and hypnotic.
Mechanism of Action of Diphenhydramine
Antiallergic action: It produces its antihistamine action by competitively blocking H1 receptors. It binds to the H1 receptors present in the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, bronchi, large blood vessels and uterus and inhibit Histamine induced allergic symptoms. They do not inhibit the release of Histamine.
Antivertigo and antiemetic actions: Central antimuscarinic actions of antihistamines are responsible for these effects of Diphenhydramine.
Parkinsonism: Acetyl choline receptor antagonists are used for the treatment of Parkinsonism. Diphenhydramine reduces the unbalanced cholinergic activity in striatum of parkinsonian patients.
Antitussive action: Diphenhydramine suppresses the cough reflex by a direct effect on the cough centre.
Migraine: Diphenhydramine is used in migraine due to its sedative as well as antiemetic actions.
Pharmacokinets of Diphenhydramine
Absorption: It is well absorbed after oral administration. Distribution: Diphenhydramine is widely distributed in the body including CNS in protein bound form. Metabolism: It is extensively metabolised in the liver. Excretion: Excreted primarily in urine
Onset of Action for Diphenhydramine
15 minutes
Duration of Action for Diphenhydramine
6 - 8 hours
Half Life of Diphenhydramine
2.5 - 9 hours
Side Effects of Diphenhydramine
1.Headache
2.Dry mouth
3.Rash
4.Thrombocytopenia
5.Anaemia
6.Anorexia
7.Insomnia
8.Confusion
9.Dizziness
10.Fatigue
11.Nausea
12.Abdominal pain
13.Urine retention
14.Thickening of bronchial secretions.
Contra-indications of Diphenhydramine
1.Hypersensitivity to Diphenhydramine
2.Porphyria.
Special Precautions while taking Diphenhydramine
1.Hypertension
2.Asthma
3.Hyperthyroidism
4.Angle closure glaucoma
5.Prostatic hyperplasia
6.Urinary tract obstruction
7.Use with caution while operating machine, driving vehicle or activities requiring mental alertness
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution.
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution.
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated.
Children Related Information
Use with caution
NEONATES: contraindicated
Indications for Diphenhydramine
1.Parkinson`s disease
2.Motion sickness
3.Rhinitis
4.Allergy disorders
5.Insomnia
6.Productive cough
7.Vertigo
8.Migraine
Interactions for Diphenhydramine
Incompatibility reported with amphotericin, cephalothine sodium, hydrocortisone, sodium succinate, some soluble barbiturates, some contrast media.
Typical Dosage for Diphenhydramine
Adult: 25 - 50 mg 3 - 4 times daily. Dosage should be individualised according to the needs and the response of the patient
Nonproductive cough: 100 mg / day in 4-6 times daily.
Insomnia: 50 mg at bed time
Children above 12 years: 25 - 50 mg 3 - 4 times daily. Dosage should be individualised according to the needs and the response of the patient
Nonproductive cough: 100 mg / day in 4-6 divided dose
Insomnia: 50 mg at bed time
Children age 2 -12 years: 12.5 - 25 mg 3 - 4 times daily. Dosage should be individualised according to the needs and the response of the patient.
Maximum dose: 300mg / day
Nonproductive cough: 6.25 - 12.5 mg in 4-6 times daily. Dosage should be individualised according to the needs and the response of the patient
Schedule of Diphenhydramine
G
Storage Requirements for Diphenhydramine
Store at 15 - 30 degree C. Protect from heat, light and moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Diphenhydramine
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Diphenhydramine
Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. Drug can be removed from the body by gastric lavage or by inducing emesis. Absorption of the drug can be reduced by administration of activated charcoal. Hypotension can be counteracted by administration of vasopressors and seizure with Phenytoin or Diazepam.

Camphor

About Camphor
N/A
Mechanism of Action of Camphor
Camphor acts as a rubefacient when it is rubbed on the skin and causes localized vasodilatation; which gives feelings of comfort and warmth. When applied gently on the skin, it acts as an anti-pruritic agent and creates a feeling of coolness, and a mild local anaesthetic effect and relieves itching. When ingested in small amounts, it creates feelings of warmth and comfort in the epigastrium. Camphor acts as a local anesthetic on the respiratory passageways and causing cough suppression.
Pharmacokinets of Camphor
Absorption: Well absorbed through the skin, Distribution: Widely distributed in the body and crosses the placenta, Metabolism: Metabolized in liver, Excretion: Excreted mainly through urine and a minor portion is excreted through lungs.
Onset of Action for Camphor
N/A
Duration of Action for Camphor
N/A
Half Life of Camphor
N/A
Side Effects of Camphor
1.Gastric irritation
2.Anxiety
3.Excitement
4.Delirium
5.Colic
6.Nausea
7.Vomiting
8.Diarrhoea
9.Convulsions
10.Apnoea
11.Asystole
Contra-indications of Camphor
1.Hypersensitivity to the drug
2.Should not applies to broken, injured, or burned skin
Special Precautions while taking Camphor
1.Should not apply camphor directly in to or near the nostrils of small children or asthma patients
2.Prolonged use may lead to accumulation in adipose tissue
3.Seizures.
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Children (below 2 years): Contraindicated
Indications for Camphor
1.Rubefacient
2.Ingredient in cough preparations
3.Antipruritic
4. Ingredient in ointment or liniment to treat sprains; joint and muscle pain
5. As balm for chapped lips, cold sores
6.As an inhalant to relieve nasal, bronchial or upper respiratory congestion.
Interactions for Camphor
N/A
Typical Dosage for Camphor
Dosage individualized based on requirement and condition of the patient.
Topical: Rubbed on the throat and chest in a layer loosely covered with a warm dry cloth; up to thrice daily.
In vaporizer: Camphor (6.2%) in a hot steam vaporizer can be used by adding 1 tbsp of solution for each quart of cold water, or 1 tsp of solution for each pint, up to thrice daily.
Schedule of Camphor
N/A
Storage Requirements for Camphor
Store at a cool dry place in a well closed container. Protect from light and heat. Keep out of reach of children.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Camphor
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Camphor
Provide symptomatic treatment and supportive measures.
Ingestion: If camphor has been ingested recently, and the condition of the patient allows, perform gastric lavage. If only small amounts have been ingested, administer cathartics.
Inhalation: If camphor has been inhaled, remove patient from exposure, administer fresh air or oxygen, and establish respiration.
Topical: If there has been external contact with camphor, wash skin thoroughly with soap and water. Irrigate eyes with plenty of water.
In severe poisoning: Assist respiration in respiratory depression. Perform artificial respiration if required. Treat convulsions with diazepam or other suitable drugs. Protect the airway by endotracheal intubation or suitable measures, Perform gastric lavage and reduce absorption by administration of activated charcoal, and then a saline cathartic if required. Resin and charcoal haemoperfusion may be used in severe cases.

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