Clotrimazole + Tinidazole + Lactobacillus Pharmacology

Clotrimazole + Tinidazole + Lactobacillus

About Clotrimazole + Tinidazole + Lactobacillus
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Mechanism of Action of Clotrimazole + Tinidazole + Lactobacillus
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Pharmacokinets of Clotrimazole + Tinidazole + Lactobacillus
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Onset of Action for Clotrimazole + Tinidazole + Lactobacillus
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Duration of Action for Clotrimazole + Tinidazole + Lactobacillus
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Half Life of Clotrimazole + Tinidazole + Lactobacillus
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Side Effects of Clotrimazole + Tinidazole + Lactobacillus
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Contra-indications of Clotrimazole + Tinidazole + Lactobacillus
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Special Precautions while taking Clotrimazole + Tinidazole + Lactobacillus
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Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution, but contraindicated in first trimester; since Tinidazole is contraindicated in first trimester.
Old Age Related Information
N/A
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contrainidicated; since Tinidazole is contraindicated in breast feeding, the combination generic cannot be used in breast feeding.
Children Related Information
N/A
Indications for Clotrimazole + Tinidazole + Lactobacillus
Bacterial vaginosis
Interactions for Clotrimazole + Tinidazole + Lactobacillus
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Typical Dosage for Clotrimazole + Tinidazole + Lactobacillus
Insert the pessary in to the vagina.
Schedule of Clotrimazole + Tinidazole + Lactobacillus
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Storage Requirements for Clotrimazole + Tinidazole + Lactobacillus
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Effects of Missed Dosage of Clotrimazole + Tinidazole + Lactobacillus
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Effects of Overdose of Clotrimazole + Tinidazole + Lactobacillus
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Clotrimazole

About Clotrimazole
A broad-spectrum antifungal antibiotic, imidazole derivative, Oral Nonabsorbed Antifungal Agent.
Mechanism of Action of Clotrimazole
Clotrimazole is fungicidal or fungistatic depending on the drug concentrations. It inhibits the conversion of Lanosterol to 14 demethyl Lanosterol by inhibiting the cytochromeP450 enzyme 14 alpha demethylase and impair ergosterol synthesis which is an essential constituent of cell membrane. Inhibition of ergosterol synthesis will alter the membrane permeability of the susceptible fungus and kill or inhibit them.
Pharmacokinets of Clotrimazole
Absorption: Absorption is minimal after topical administration.
Onset of Action for Clotrimazole
N/A
Duration of Action for Clotrimazole
3 hours
Half Life of Clotrimazole
N/A
Side Effects of Clotrimazole
1.Stinging
2.Erythema
3.Burning
4.Pruritis
5.Vesication
6.Desquamation
7.Urticaria
8.Burning
9.Peeling
10.Irritation
Contra-indications of Clotrimazole
Hypersensitivity to Clotrimazole
Special Precautions while taking Clotrimazole
1.Avoid contact with eyes, nose and mouth.
2.Do not wear occlusive dress over the medicament.
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution.
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution.
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution.
Children Related Information
Use with caution.
NEONATES: contraindicated
Indications for Clotrimazole
1.Tinea pedis
2.Tinea cruris
3.Tinea versicolor
4.Tinea corporis
5.Cutaneous candidiasis
6.Vulvovaginal candidiasis
Interactions for Clotrimazole
Polyene Antibiotics : Antagonises effects of polyene antibiotics.
Typical Dosage for Clotrimazole
Topical: Clotrimazole cream, lotion and solution 1 % is used.
Clean and dry the affected area and apply the medicament with gentle massage 2 -3 times daily for 2 - 4 weeks.
Vaginal candidiasis: Insert 1 applicator full (vaginal cream 1%) intravaginally at night for 1 -2 weeks.
Vaginal tablets 100. 200 and 500mg tablet is available.
Vulvovaginal candidiasis: Insert 100mg tablet intravaginally at bed time for 7 consecutive days or 200 mg tablet for 3 consecutive days or 500 mg tablet for 1 day at night.
Oral lozenge 10 mg is available
Oropharyngeal candidiasis: 1 lozenge orally 5 times daily for 2 weeks
Prophylaxis of Oropharyngeal candidiasis: 1 lozenge is used 3 times daily
Gel: Insert with an applicator intravaginally at night for 1 - 2 weeks.
Powder (1% w/ w): dusted over the body parts as required
Schedule of Clotrimazole
H
Storage Requirements for Clotrimazole
Store at room temperature (15 - 25 degree C). Protect from heat and moisture. Keep out of the reach of children
Effects of Missed Dosage of Clotrimazole
Apply the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Clotrimazole
Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment.

Tinidazole

About Tinidazole
Nitroimidazole antibiotic, Antibacterial, antiprotozoal.
Mechanism of Action of Tinidazole
Tinidazole is nitro imidazole which has broad spectrum cidal activity against Protozoa and some anaerobic bacteria. Its selective toxicity to anaerobic microbes involves 1. Drug enters the cell by diffusion, 2. Nitro group of drug is reduced by redox proteins present only in anaerobic organisms to reactive nitro radical which excerts cytotoxic action by damaging DNA and other critical biomolecules. 3. .DNA helix destabilization &strand breakage has been observed.
Pharmacokinets of Tinidazole
Absorption: Well absorbed orally, Distribution: Widely distributed,
Metabolism: Metabolized in liver by oxidation &glucuronide conjugation, Excretion: Excreted in urine.
Onset of Action for Tinidazole
Within few hours
Duration of Action for Tinidazole
16 hours
Half Life of Tinidazole
12 hours
Side Effects of Tinidazole
1.Anorexia
2.Bitter taste
3.Nausea
4.Vomiting
5.Diarrhoea
6.Fatigue
7.Dry mouth
8.Abdominal distress
9.Headache
10.Dizziness
11.Vertigo
12.Rash
13.Urticaria
14.Angioedema
15.Peripheral neuropathy & CNS effects,
Contra-indications of Tinidazole
1.Hypersensitivity to the drug
2.Blood dyscrasias
3.CNS disorders
Special Precautions while taking Tinidazole
1.Hepatic impairment
2.Alcoholic cirrhosis
3.Obstructive liver diseases
4. Use cautiously along with other hepatotoxic drugs & In visual field changes
5. Avoid alcohol use during therapy
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution, but contra indicated in first trimester
Old Age Related Information
N/A
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated
Children Related Information
N/A
Indications for Tinidazole
1.Amoebiasis
2.Giardiasis
3.Trichomonas vaginitis
4.Anaerobic bacterial infections
5.Prophylactic agent after colorectal surgery
6.H. pylori infections
Interactions for Tinidazole
Alcohol: Disulfiram like reaction.
Ampicillin, Doxycycline and Cotrimoxaole: Synergism with these agents.
Typical Dosage for Tinidazole
Amoebiasis:
Adults: 2gm once daily for 3 days
Children: 30 to 50mg/kg/day or 600mg 12hourly for 5 to 10 days
Trichomoniasis & Giardiasis:
600mg once daily for a week or 2gm single dose
Anaerobic bacterial infections:
2 gm followed by 500mg 12 hourly for 5 days
Prophylaxis after colorectal surgery:
2gm single dose before surgery
H. pylori infections:
0.5gm 12hourly for 7 to14 days in triple combination
Schedule of Tinidazole
H
Storage Requirements for Tinidazole
Store at room temperature at a range of 15 to 30 degree C. Protect from excess heat and moisture.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Tinidazole
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Tinidazole
Treatment is supportive & symptomatic. Drug is removed by induced emesis, gastric lavage, and administration of activated charcoal &use of cathartics. For controlling seizures diazepam & phenytoin may be used

Lactobacillus

About Lactobacillus
Lactic acid bacteria, Probiotic,Antidiarrhoeal.
Mechanism of Action of Lactobacillus
Lactobacillus is a probiotic and it is called as friendly bacteria. It is used along with antibiotic in order to restore the body`s natural microbial flora with in the digestive tract. Lactobacillus helps in the breakdown of food and leads to the production of lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide and other byproducts. This will alter the intestinal pH and that make the environment hostile for pathogens.
Pharmacokinets of Lactobacillus
Absorption: It is orally well absorbed after oral administration.
Onset of Action for Lactobacillus
N/A
Duration of Action for Lactobacillus
N/A
Half Life of Lactobacillus
N/A
Side Effects of Lactobacillus
1.Abdominal discomfort
2.Vaginal irritation (when used vaginally)
Contra-indications of Lactobacillus
1.Recent bowel surgery
2.Intestinal damage
3.Weakened immune system
Special Precautions while taking Lactobacillus
Patient on Inulin treatment
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Use with caution
NEONATES: Use with caution
Indications for Lactobacillus
1.Aphthous stomatitis
2.Hypochlorhydria
3.Hepatic encephalopathy
4.Adjuvant to antibiotic therapy
5.Diarrhoea.
Interactions for Lactobacillus
N/A
Typical Dosage for Lactobacillus
Adult: 60 - 150 million spores 3 times daily depending on the severity of infections.
Vaginal bacterial infections: 1- 2 billion bacteria 2 - 3 times daily
Suppositories:
Vaginal infections, cystitis: 1 - 2 suppositories are inserted in to vagina at night for 2 weeks. Each suppository contains 1 - 2 billion lactobacilli
Schedule of Lactobacillus
N/A
Storage Requirements for Lactobacillus
Refrigerate below 5 degree C.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Lactobacillus
N/A
Effects of Overdose of Lactobacillus
Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment

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