Vit B3 + Vit B2 + Folic acid + Lactobacillus Pharmacology

Vit B3 + Vit B2 + Folic acid + Lactobacillus

About Vit B3 + Vit B2 + Folic acid + Lactobacillus
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Mechanism of Action of Vit B3 + Vit B2 + Folic acid + Lactobacillus
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Pharmacokinets of Vit B3 + Vit B2 + Folic acid + Lactobacillus
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Onset of Action for Vit B3 + Vit B2 + Folic acid + Lactobacillus
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Duration of Action for Vit B3 + Vit B2 + Folic acid + Lactobacillus
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Half Life of Vit B3 + Vit B2 + Folic acid + Lactobacillus
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Side Effects of Vit B3 + Vit B2 + Folic acid + Lactobacillus
N/A
Contra-indications of Vit B3 + Vit B2 + Folic acid + Lactobacillus
N/A
Special Precautions while taking Vit B3 + Vit B2 + Folic acid + Lactobacillus
N/A
Pregnancy Related Information
N/A
Old Age Related Information
N/A
Breast Feeding Related Information
N/A
Children Related Information
N/A
Indications for Vit B3 + Vit B2 + Folic acid + Lactobacillus
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Interactions for Vit B3 + Vit B2 + Folic acid + Lactobacillus
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Typical Dosage for Vit B3 + Vit B2 + Folic acid + Lactobacillus
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Schedule of Vit B3 + Vit B2 + Folic acid + Lactobacillus
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Storage Requirements for Vit B3 + Vit B2 + Folic acid + Lactobacillus
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Effects of Missed Dosage of Vit B3 + Vit B2 + Folic acid + Lactobacillus
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Effects of Overdose of Vit B3 + Vit B2 + Folic acid + Lactobacillus
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Vit B3

About Vit B3
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Mechanism of Action of Vit B3
Niacin refers to Nicotinic acid as well as Nicotinamide which exerts it`s action by influencing metabolic reactions. It is converted in to coenzymes Ncotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and it`s phosphate Ncotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) involved in oxidation reduction reactions. These pyridine nucleotides act as hydrogen acceptors in the electron transport chain in tissue respiration, glycolysis, and fat synthesis. Nicotinic acid in high doses has vasodilator effects and also improves lipid profile; reduces serum cholesterol, raises HDL level, lowers VLDL, and LDL levels.
Pharmacokinets of Vit B3
Absorption: Well absorbed orally, Distribution: Widely distributed in the body, and also secreted in to breast milk, Modest amounts are stored in liver, Metabolism: Metabolized in to active metabolites in liver, Excretion: Extra drug is excreted through urine.
Onset of Action for Vit B3
N/A
Duration of Action for Vit B3
N/A
Half Life of Vit B3
N/A
Side Effects of Vit B3
1. Flushing
2. Activation of peptic ulcer
3. Nausea
4. Vomiting
5. Diarrhoea
6. Headache
7. Rashes
8. Pruritus
9. Hypotension
10. Arrhythmias
11. Hepatic impairment
Contra-indications of Vit B3
1. Hypersensitivity to the drug
2. Hepatic impairment
3. Peptic ulcer
4. Severe hypotension
5. Arterial haemorrhage
Special Precautions while taking Vit B3
1.History of liver disease
2.Gall bladder diseases
3.Gout
4.Coronary artery diseases
5.Diabetes mellitus
6.When use along with Statins reduces the dosage of Statins
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Indications for Vit B3
1. Pellagra
2. Niacin deficiency
3. Hartnup disease
4. Hyperlipidaemia (only nicotinic acid
5. Peripheral vascular diseases (only nicotinic acid)
Interactions for Vit B3
Aspirin: May decrease the metabolic clearance of nicotinic acid
Sympathetic blocking agent: May cause added vasodilation and hypotension
Isoniazid: may deplete levels of niacin and cause deficiency.
Typical Dosage for Vit B3
Oral:
Pellagra: 200 to 500mg daily in divided doses
Prophylactically: 20 to 50mg daily.
Dietary supplement: 10 to 20mg daily
Peripheral vascular diseases (only nicotinic acid): 100 to 150mg three to five times daily. Alternatively 1000 to 2000g once daily at bed time.
Hyperlipidaemia (only nicotinic acid): 1.5 to 6g daily in two to four divided doses with or after meals.
Hartnup disease: 50 to 200mg daily in divided doses.
Schedule of Vit B3
C1
Storage Requirements for Vit B3
Store at controlled room temperature at a range of 15 to 30 degree C
Effects of Missed Dosage of Vit B3
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Vit B3
Provide supportive measures and symptomatic treatment

Vit B2

About Vit B2
N/A
Mechanism of Action of Vit B2
Riboflavin exerts it`s action by influencing metabolic reactions. Riboflavin functions in the forms of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) which are coenzymes for flavoproteins involved in many oxidation-reduction reactions. Both FMN and FAD play a vital metabolic role in numerous tissue respiration systems. Riboflavin also directly involves in maintaining erythrocyte integrity.
Pharmacokinets of Vit B2
Absorption: Well absorbed orally; bioavailability increases when administer along with food.
Distribution: Widely distributed in the tissues and limited amount is stored in the liver, spleen, kidneys, and heart. It crosses the placenta and also secreted in to the breast milk.
Metabolism: Phosphorylated in the intestine, liver and other tissues to FMN and metabolized in to FAD the liver.
Excretion: Larger doses are excreted unchanged in urine.
Onset of Action for Vit B2
N/A
Duration of Action for Vit B2
N/A
Half Life of Vit B2
66 to 84 minutes
Side Effects of Vit B2
1. Bright yellow urine with higher doses
Contra-indications of Vit B2
No known contraindications.
Special Precautions while taking Vit B2
N/A
Pregnancy Related Information
May be used
Old Age Related Information
May be used
Breast Feeding Related Information
May be used
Children Related Information
May be used
Indications for Vit B2
1. Ariboflavinosis
2. Arteriosclerosis
3. Hypertension
4. Obesity
5. Diabetis
6. Cholepathy
7. Glossitis
8. Stomatitis
9. Dermatitis of trunk and extremities
10. Other riboflavin deficiency symptoms
Interactions for Vit B2
Oral contraceptive:Dose of Riboflavin may need to be increased
Propantheline Bromide:Delays absorption rate of Riboflavin
Typical Dosage for Vit B2
Oral:
Adults: 20 to 40mg three times daily or depending up on the severity.
Children: 20mg daily.
Riboflavin deficiency:
Adults and children over 12 years: 5 to 30mg/day depending up on the severity .
Children (below 12years): 3 to 10mg/day depending up on the severity.
Schedule of Vit B2
C1
Storage Requirements for Vit B2
Store in a well closed container; in a cool place and protect from light.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Vit B2
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose
Effects of Overdose of Vit B2
Provide symptomatic treatment and supportive measures.

Folic Acid

About Folic Acid
Dietary supplement, Folate derivative( B9 ), Water Soluble Vitamin.
Mechanism of Action of Folic Acid
Folic acid reduced by enzymes folate reductase and dihydrofolate reductase and forms dihydrofolic acid tetrahydrofolic acid respectively. Tetrahydrofolic acid acts as a coenzyme which mediates a number of one carbon transfer reactions by carrying a methyl group as an adduct. It involves a number of reactions such as 1).conversion of homocysteine to methionine. 2).synthesis of thymidylate which is an essential constituent of DNA from methylene-tetrahydrofolic acid. 3). Conversion of serine to glycine by tetrahydrofolic acid and forms methylene-tetrahydrofolic acid. 4).to introduce carbon units at position 2 and 8 during de novo purine synthesis requires formyl-tetrahydrofolic acid and methenyl-tetrahydrofolic acid.5).generation and utilization of "formate pool". 6).For mediating formino group transfer in histidine metabolism. Folic acid is required to maintain normal erythropoiesis and nucleoprotein synthesis.
Pharmacokinets of Folic Acid
Absorption: Well absorbed orally
Distribution: Widely distributed in the body and highest concentration is seen in liver. It appears in the CSF and breast milk
Metabolism: Metabolized in to N-methyl tetrahydrofolic acid in liver
Excretion: Extra drug is excreted unchanged in urine. A small portion of folate is lost by a combination of urinary and fecal excretion and oxidative cleavage of molecule.
Onset of Action for Folic Acid
Oral: 20 to 30minutes
I.V.: 5 minutes
I.M.:10 to 20minutes
Duration of Action for Folic Acid
Oral: 3 to 6 hours
I.V.:3 to 6minutes
I.M.:3 to 6hours
Half Life of Folic Acid
N/A
Side Effects of Folic Acid
N/A
Contra-indications of Folic Acid
N/A
Special Precautions while taking Folic Acid
1. In patients with undiagnosed anaemia; because it may mask pernicious anaemia
2. In pernicious anaemia and other megaloblastic where vitamin B12 is deficient
Pregnancy Related Information
May be used
Old Age Related Information
May be used
Breast Feeding Related Information
May be used
Children Related Information
May be used
Indications for Folic Acid
1. Megaloblastic anaemia
2. Folic acid deficiency
3. Anaemias of pregnancy
4. Nutritional anaemia
5. Alcoholism
6. Tropical sprue
7. Non tropical sprue
Interactions for Folic Acid
1. Hypersensitivity reactions with injection form
2. Bronchospasm
Typical Dosage for Folic Acid
Oral: 5mg 1 to 4 times daily; depending up on the severity of deficiency.
Maintenance dosage: Half of the therapeutic dosage.
Children: 2.5 to 5mg 1 to 2 times daily.
Schedule of Folic Acid
C1 (Oral)
C (Parenteral)
Storage Requirements for Folic Acid
Store at controlled room temperature at a range of 15 to 25 degree C in a well closed container. Protect from excess heat, light and moisture.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Folic Acid
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Folic Acid
Relatively non toxic. Provide symptomatic treatment and supportive measures.

Lactobacillus

About Lactobacillus
Lactic acid bacteria, Probiotic,Antidiarrhoeal.
Mechanism of Action of Lactobacillus
Lactobacillus is a probiotic and it is called as friendly bacteria. It is used along with antibiotic in order to restore the body`s natural microbial flora with in the digestive tract. Lactobacillus helps in the breakdown of food and leads to the production of lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide and other byproducts. This will alter the intestinal pH and that make the environment hostile for pathogens.
Pharmacokinets of Lactobacillus
Absorption: It is orally well absorbed after oral administration.
Onset of Action for Lactobacillus
N/A
Duration of Action for Lactobacillus
N/A
Half Life of Lactobacillus
N/A
Side Effects of Lactobacillus
1.Abdominal discomfort
2.Vaginal irritation (when used vaginally)
Contra-indications of Lactobacillus
1.Recent bowel surgery
2.Intestinal damage
3.Weakened immune system
Special Precautions while taking Lactobacillus
Patient on Inulin treatment
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Use with caution
NEONATES: Use with caution
Indications for Lactobacillus
1.Aphthous stomatitis
2.Hypochlorhydria
3.Hepatic encephalopathy
4.Adjuvant to antibiotic therapy
5.Diarrhoea.
Interactions for Lactobacillus
N/A
Typical Dosage for Lactobacillus
Adult: 60 - 150 million spores 3 times daily depending on the severity of infections.
Vaginal bacterial infections: 1- 2 billion bacteria 2 - 3 times daily
Suppositories:
Vaginal infections, cystitis: 1 - 2 suppositories are inserted in to vagina at night for 2 weeks. Each suppository contains 1 - 2 billion lactobacilli
Schedule of Lactobacillus
N/A
Storage Requirements for Lactobacillus
Refrigerate below 5 degree C.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Lactobacillus
N/A
Effects of Overdose of Lactobacillus
Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment

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