Vit B12 + Vit B1+ Vit B6 + Vitamin E + Beta Carotene + Zinc + Chromium + Selenium + Vanadium + Alpha-lipoic acid Pharmacology

Vit B12 + Vit B1+ Vit B6 + Vitamin E + Beta Carotene + Zinc + Chromium + Selenium + Vanadium + Alpha-lipoic acid

About Vit B12 + Vit B1+ Vit B6 + Vitamin E + Beta Carotene + Zinc + Chromium + Selenium + Vanadium + Alpha-lipoic acid

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Mechanism of Action of Vit B12 + Vit B1+ Vit B6 + Vitamin E + Beta Carotene + Zinc + Chromium + Selenium + Vanadium + Alpha-lipoic acid

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Pharmacokinets of Vit B12 + Vit B1+ Vit B6 + Vitamin E + Beta Carotene + Zinc + Chromium + Selenium + Vanadium + Alpha-lipoic acid

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Onset of Action for Vit B12 + Vit B1+ Vit B6 + Vitamin E + Beta Carotene + Zinc + Chromium + Selenium + Vanadium + Alpha-lipoic acid

N/A

Duration of Action for Vit B12 + Vit B1+ Vit B6 + Vitamin E + Beta Carotene + Zinc + Chromium + Selenium + Vanadium + Alpha-lipoic acid

N/A

Half Life of Vit B12 + Vit B1+ Vit B6 + Vitamin E + Beta Carotene + Zinc + Chromium + Selenium + Vanadium + Alpha-lipoic acid

N/A

Side Effects of Vit B12 + Vit B1+ Vit B6 + Vitamin E + Beta Carotene + Zinc + Chromium + Selenium + Vanadium + Alpha-lipoic acid

N/A

Contra-indications of Vit B12 + Vit B1+ Vit B6 + Vitamin E + Beta Carotene + Zinc + Chromium + Selenium + Vanadium + Alpha-lipoic acid

N/A

Special Precautions while taking Vit B12 + Vit B1+ Vit B6 + Vitamin E + Beta Carotene + Zinc + Chromium + Selenium + Vanadium + Alpha-lipoic acid

N/A

Pregnancy Related Information

Use with caution

Old Age Related Information

N/A

Breast Feeding Related Information

Use with caution

Children Related Information

N/A

Indications for Vit B12 + Vit B1+ Vit B6 + Vitamin E + Beta Carotene + Zinc + Chromium + Selenium + Vanadium + Alpha-lipoic acid

Age related, Drug induced, Diabetic, Alcoholic, Injury Induced Neuropathies

Interactions for Vit B12 + Vit B1+ Vit B6 + Vitamin E + Beta Carotene + Zinc + Chromium + Selenium + Vanadium + Alpha-lipoic acid

N/A

Typical Dosage for Vit B12 + Vit B1+ Vit B6 + Vitamin E + Beta Carotene + Zinc + Chromium + Selenium + Vanadium + Alpha-lipoic acid

One capsule Twice daily

Schedule of Vit B12 + Vit B1+ Vit B6 + Vitamin E + Beta Carotene + Zinc + Chromium + Selenium + Vanadium + Alpha-lipoic acid

N/A

Storage Requirements for Vit B12 + Vit B1+ Vit B6 + Vitamin E + Beta Carotene + Zinc + Chromium + Selenium + Vanadium + Alpha-lipoic acid

N/A

Effects of Missed Dosage of Vit B12 + Vit B1+ Vit B6 + Vitamin E + Beta Carotene + Zinc + Chromium + Selenium + Vanadium + Alpha-lipoic acid

N/A

Effects of Overdose of Vit B12 + Vit B1+ Vit B6 + Vitamin E + Beta Carotene + Zinc + Chromium + Selenium + Vanadium + Alpha-lipoic acid

N/A

Vit B12

About Vit B12

N/A

Mechanism of Action of Vit B12

Vitamin B12 is an essential constituent for growth, cell reproduction, hematopoiesis, and nucleoprotein and myelin synthesis. Vitamin B12 is converted in to coenzyme B12 in the tissues which is essential for conversion of methyl-malonate to succinate and synthesis of methionine from homocystine. It is also associated with fat and carbohydrate metabolism and protein synthesis. Cells characterized by rapid division such as epithelial cells, bone marrow, and myeloid cells appear to have greatest requirement of Cyanocobalamin.

Pharmacokinets of Vit B12

Absorption: Absorbed irregularly after oral administration and absorption depends on Ca and intrinsic factor. It is also administered subcutaneously and intramuscularly.
Distribution: Distributed in to liver, bone marrow, and other tissues. It crosses the placenta and appears in breast milk.
Metabolism: It is metabolized in liver.
Excretion: In normal dosage it is reabsorbed from bile and a minute portion is excreted through urine but the extra drug is excreted through urine.

Onset of Action for Vit B12

N/A

Duration of Action for Vit B12

N/A

Half Life of Vit B12

N/A

Side Effects of Vit B12

1. Anaphylaxis
2. Anaphylactoid reactions
3. Pain and burning sensation at injection site
4. Itching
5. Urticaria
6. Transient diarrhea
7. Peripheral vascular thrombosis
8. Pulmonary oedema

Contra-indications of Vit B12

1. Hypersensitivity to the drug
2. Leber`s disease

Special Precautions while taking Vit B12

1. Anemic patients with coexisting cardiac, pulmonary and hypertensive diseases.

Pregnancy Related Information

May be used

Old Age Related Information

May be used

Breast Feeding Related Information

May be used

Children Related Information

Use with caution
NEONATES : Use with caution

Indications for Vit B12

1. Vitamin B12 deficiency
2. Pernicious Anaemia
3. Peripheral neuropathy (diabetic, alcoholic, and drug induced)

Interactions for Vit B12

N/A

Typical Dosage for Vit B12

I.M., S.C.:
Pernicious Anaemia: 100mcg daily for 1 week followed by the same dose given on alternate days for 7 doses and then every 3 to 4days for another 3 weeks. This regimen should be followed by 100mcg monthly for life. Concurrently administer folic acid if required.
Vitamin B12 deficiency other than pernicious Anaemia: 30mcg daily for 5 to 10days depending up on the severity of the condition.
Maintenance dosage: 100 to 200mcg once monthly.
Children: 100mcg I.M. or S.C. over the course of 2 or more weeks.
Maintenance dosage: 60mcg monthly I.M. or S.C.
Schilling test flushing dose:
Adults and Children: 1000mcg I.M. in single dose
Recommended RDA (recommended dietary allowance) for Vitamin B12:
Infants up to 6months of age: 0.3mcg.
Children age 6 months to 1 year: 0.5mcg.
Children age 1 to 3: 0.7mcg.
Children age 4 to 6: 1mcg.
Children age 7 to 10: 1.4mcg.
Children age 11 to adult: 2mcg..
Pregnant women: 2.2mcg.
Breast feeding women: 2.6mcg.

Schedule of Vit B12

Storage Requirements for Vit B12

Store at room temperature range of 15 to 30 degree C.in a light resistant well closed container in a dry place.

Effects of Missed Dosage of Vit B12

Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.

Effects of Overdose of Vit B12

Not applicable. Even in large doses Vitamin B12 isn`t usually toxic.

Vit B1

About Vit B1

Physiological functions: Thiamine pyrophosphate is a coenzyme and the active form of vitamin B. It functions as coenzyme in decarboxylation of a-keto acid and in Hexose Monophosphate shunt.
Deficiency symptoms: In severe vitamin B1 deficiency beriberi develops. It is of two types:
a) Wet beriberi
b) Dry beriberi
Wet beriberi: In this the symptoms are related to the cardiovascular system and they are palpitations, tachycardia, dyspnoea, ECG changes, oedema, and high output cardiac failure.
Dry beriberi: The symptoms and signs are related to the Nervous system. The main features are peripheral neuritis, hyperaesthesia (localized areas) or anaesthesia, there is gradual loss in muscle strength, wrist drop, poor memory, depression, lack of initiative and anorexia.

Mechanism of Action of Vit B1

Thiamine exerts it`s action by influencing carbohydrate metabolism. It combines with ATP to form thiamine pyrophosphate in the body. Thiamine pyrophosphate acts as a coenzyme for carbohydrate metabolism, decarboxylation of ketoacids, and hexose monophosphate shunt. It also have plays some role in neuromuscular transmission.

Pharmacokinets of Vit B1

Absorption: Well absorbed orally.
Distribution: Widely distributed in the body. It is also distributed in to breast milk.
Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver.
Excretion: Excess thiamine is excreted through urine.

Onset of Action for Vit B1

N/A

Duration of Action for Vit B1

N/A

Half Life of Vit B1

N/A

Side Effects of Vit B1

1. Angioedema
2. Cardiovascular collapse
3. Cyanosis
4. Restleessness
5. Nausea
6. Haemorrhage
7. Weakness
8. Allergic reactions
9. Tightness of throat
10. Feeling of warmth
11. Urticaria
12. Pruritus
13. Tenderness and induration following I. M. administration

Contra-indications of Vit B1

1. Hypersensitivity to the drug

Special Precautions while taking Vit B1

N/A

Pregnancy Related Information

Use with caution

Old Age Related Information

May be used

Breast Feeding Related Information

Use with caution

Children Related Information

May be used

Indications for Vit B1

1. Thiamine deficiency
2. Dry beriberi
3. Wet beriberi
4. Wernicke`s encephalopathy
5. Hyperemesis gravidarum
6. Korsakoffs syndrome
7. Polyneuritis secondary to alcoholism
8. Multiple neurosis
9. Toxic and confusional states
10. Anorexia nervosa
11. Delirium

Interactions for Vit B1

N/A

Typical Dosage for Vit B1

Oral :
In mild deficiency: 10 to 25mg/day.
In severe deficiency: 200 to 300mg/day.
I.M, I.V.:
Beriberi:
Adults: 10 to 20mg I.M. depending up on the severity of the condition (Up to 100mg I.M. or I.V. for severe cases); thrice daily for two weeks followed by dietary correction and multivitamin supplement containing 5 to 30mg Thiamine/day in single or divided doses for 1 month.
Wernicke`s encephalopathy: 100mg I.V. followed by 50 to 100mg IM. or I.V./day.
"Wet beriberi with heart failure": 10 to 30mg I.V. for emergency treatment.

Schedule of Vit B1

C1 (Oral)

Storage Requirements for Vit B1

Store in a well closed container; in a cool place and protect from light.

Effects of Missed Dosage of Vit B1

Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.

Effects of Overdose of Vit B1

Provide symptomatic treatment and supportive measures.

Vit B6

About Vit B6

Physiological functions: It is involved as a coenzyme (Pyridoxal phosphate) in metabolism of tryptophan, in several metabolic transformations of amino acids including transamination, decarboxylation & racemization.
Deficiency symptoms: Peripheral neuritis, seizures, stomatitis, glossitis, anaemia, seborrhea like lesions.

Mechanism of Action of Vit B6

Vitamin B6 is a collective term for Pyridoxine, Pyridoxal, Pyridoxamine and their phosphorylated derivatives such as Pyridoxine phosphate, Pyridoxal phosphate and Pyridoxamine derivatives respectively. Vitamin B6 is essential for the metabolism of amino acid, glycogen and fatty acids, for nerve functions, for the formation of red blood cells and also helps the skin healthy. Vitamin B6 is also used for the synthesis of nucleic acid, Haemoglobin, Sphingomyelin, other Sphingolipids, Serotonin, Dopamine, Noradrenaline and GABA.

Pharmacokinets of Vit B6

Absorption: Vitamin B6 is readily absorbed after oral administration.
Distribution: It is mainly distributed in the body in protein bound form. It is stored primarily in the liver and to a lesser extent muscle and brain.
Metabolism: It is metabolised in the liver

Onset of Action for Vit B6

N/A

Duration of Action for Vit B6

N/A

Half Life of Vit B6

15-20 days

Side Effects of Vit B6

1. Neuropathy
2. Unstable gait
3. Drowsiness
4. Perioral numbness
5. Paresthesia
6. Numbness of feet
7. Somnolence
8. Sensory neuropathy
9. Ataxia

Contra-indications of Vit B6

1. Hypersensitivity to Vitamin B6

Special Precautions while taking Vit B6

N/A

Pregnancy Related Information

May be used

Old Age Related Information

May be used

Breast Feeding Related Information

Use with caution

Children Related Information

Use with caution
NEONATES: Contraindicated

Indications for Vit B6

1. Vitamin B6 deficiency including inadequate diet and drug induced causes
2. Neuropathy
3. Premenstrual syndrome
4. Hyperoxaluria type 1
5. Metabolic disorder
6. Isoniazid poisoning

Interactions for Vit B6

Cycloserine, Hydralazine, Isoniazide, Oral contraceptive, Penicillamine: Increase Pyridoxine requirement.
Levodopa: Pyridoxine reverses the therapeutic effect of Levodopa.
Phenobarbital, Phenytoin: Pyridoxine decreases serum level of these anticonvulsants.

Typical Dosage for Vit B6

Adult: 10 - 20 mg / day
Dietary deficiency: 2.5 -10 mg / day for effective therapeutic response is obtained.
Maintenance dose: 2 - 5 mg / day for several weeks.
Drug induced deficiency: 100 - 200 mg / day for 3 weeks.
Maintenance dose: 25 - 100 mg / day
Neuropathy: 50 - 200 mg /day
Premenstrual syndrome: 40 - 500 mg / day
Hyperoxaluria type 1: 25 - 300 mg / day
Metabolic disorder: 100-500 mg /day.
Isoniazid poisoning: Initial dose: 1 - 4 g as IV administration, then 1 g IM every 30 minute until Pyridoxine dose is equal to the Isoniazid dose has been given.

Schedule of Vit B6

N/A

Storage Requirements for Vit B6

Store it at 15 - 30 degree C. Protect from moisture and heat.

Effects of Missed Dosage of Vit B6

Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.

Effects of Overdose of Vit B6

Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. The signs of Pyridoxine overdose can be resolved by discontinuation (withdrawal) of Pyridoxine.

Vitamin E

About Vitamin E

N/A

Mechanism of Action of Vitamin E

Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant and protecting unsaturated lipids in the cell membrane, coenzyme Q, vitamin A, vitamin C etc. from free radical oxidation damage and generation of toxic peroxidation products. It also decreases platelet aggregation.

Pharmacokinets of Vitamin E

Absorption: Absorbed through lymph with the help of bile. Only 20 to 60% of vitamin from dietary sources is absorbed. As dose increases the fraction absorbed decreases.
Distribution: Widely distributed in a protein bound form and stored in adipose tissue.
Metabolism: Metabolized in liver by glucuronide conjugation.
Excretion: Excreted mainly through bile and also excreted through urine.

Onset of Action for Vitamin E

N/A

Duration of Action for Vitamin E

N/A

Half Life of Vitamin E

N/A

Side Effects of Vitamin E

1. Fatigue
2. Weakness
3. Headache
4. Nausea
5. Diarrhoea
6. Blurred vision
7. Flatulence

Contra-indications of Vitamin E

1. Hypersensitivity to the drug
2. Should not administer intravenously

Special Precautions while taking Vitamin E

1. Hepatic impairment
2. Gall bladder disease
3. Along with estrogens

Pregnancy Related Information

May be used

Old Age Related Information

N/A

Breast Feeding Related Information

May be used

Children Related Information

N/A

Indications for Vitamin E

1. Vitamin E deficiency
2. Intermittent claudication
3. Nocturnal muscle cramps
4. Coronary artery disease
5. Fibrocystic breast disease
6. Cystic fibrosis
7. In premature infants exposed to high concentration of oxygen
8. As antioxidant

Interactions for Vitamin E

Oral anticoagulants : Hypoprothrombinemic effect may be increased with possibility of bleeding.

Typical Dosage for Vitamin E

Oral:
Vitamin E deficiency:
Adults: 40 to 50mg/day or 60 to 75i.u. daily based on the severity of deficiency.
Children: 1 unit/kg/day.
Premature neonates: 5units daily.
Full term neonates: 5 units per liter of formula.
Intermittent claudication: 400mg/day for 12 to 18 weeks.
Nocturnal muscle cramps: 400mg/day for 8 to 12 weeks.
Coronary artery disease: 100 to 200mg/day for at least 2 years.
Fibrocystic breast disease: 600mg/day for at least 2years.
Cystic fibrosis: 100 to 200mg/day.
Children above 1 year: 100mg/day.
Children below 1year: 50mg/day.

Schedule of Vitamin E

Storage Requirements for Vitamin E

Store in a well closed container in a cool dry place. Protect from light.

Effects of Missed Dosage of Vitamin E

Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.

Effects of Overdose of Vitamin E

Provide supportive measures and symptomatic treatment.

Beta Carotene

About Beta Carotene

A natural precursor to Vitamin A.

Mechanism of Action of Beta Carotene

Beta-carotene acts as the precursor of Vitamin A and in the body it is converted in to Vitamin A. Vitamin A is required for a variety of physiological functions in the body such as: - 1).Proper functioning of retina and formation of pigment Rhodopsin during dark adaptation. 2).promotes differentiation and maintains structural integrity of epithelia over the body and also retard the malignancies of epithelial structures.3).Promotes mucous secretion. 4).Inhibits keratinization, 5). Maintains proper bone growth, 6).Maintenance of spermatogenesis, 7).Supports foetal development, 8).Improves resistance to infection. It is required for proper antibody response, normal lymphocyte proliferation and killer cell function.

Pharmacokinets of Beta Carotene

Absorption: Completely absorbed normally. Steatorrhoea, bile deficiency, and protein poor diet adversely affects the absorption and absorption requires bile salts, pancreatic lipase, and dietary fat.
Distribution: Stored primarily as palmitate in kupffer`s cells in liver. Circulates in the form of specific alpha-1 protein; retinol binding protein and transported to cellular retinol binding protein of target cells.
Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver.
Excretion: Excreted mainly through bile and a small amount is excreted through urine.

Onset of Action for Beta Carotene

N/A

Duration of Action for Beta Carotene

N/A

Half Life of Beta Carotene

N/A

Side Effects of Beta Carotene

Adverse effects occurs only with higher doses and toxicity
1. Nausea
2. Vomiting
3. Itching
4. Dermatitis
5. Exfoliation
6. Alopecia
7. Bone and joint pain
8. Anorexia
9. Irritability
10. Increased intracranial pressure
11. Hepatic impairment
12. Anaphylactic shock

Contra-indications of Beta Carotene

1. Hypervitaminosis A
2. Hypersensitivity to Beta Carotene

Special Precautions while taking Beta Carotene

1. Oral form should not use in patients with malabsorption syndrome.
2. In inadequate bile secretion oral route may be used with concurrent administration of bile salts.
3. I. V. route is contraindicated except for special water miscible forms intended for infusion with large parenteral volumes and should not use I. V. push of vitamin A of any type.

Pregnancy Related Information

Use with caution

Old Age Related Information

Use with caution

Breast Feeding Related Information

Use with caution

Children Related Information

Use with caution

Indications for Beta Carotene

1. Vitamin A deficiency
2. Xerophthalmia
3. Acne
4. Ichthyosis
5. Bitot`s spots
6. Night blindness

Interactions for Beta Carotene

Cholestyramine: Absorption of Vitamin A is reduced due to reduced availability of fat stabilizing bile salts.
Mineral oil: Interferes with intestinal absorption of Vitamin A.
Oral Contraceptives: Plasma Vitamin A levels are significantly increased.

Typical Dosage for Beta Carotene

Severe vitamin A deficiency with xerophthalmia: 500000 IU daily for 3 days followed by 50000 IU daily for 14 days. Then maintenance dosage of 10000 to 20000 IU for 2months followed by adequate dietary nutrition and RDA vitamin A supplements.
Severe vitamin A deficiency: 100000 IU daily for 3 days followed by 50000 IU daily for 14 days. Then maintenance dosage of 10000 to 20000 IU for 2months followed by adequate dietary nutrition and RDA vitamin A supplements.
Children: 5000 to 10000 IU daily for 14 days.

Schedule of Beta Carotene

C1 (Oral)
C (Parenteral)

Storage Requirements for Beta Carotene

Store in a well closed, airtight container in a cool dry place.

Effects of Missed Dosage of Beta Carotene

Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.

Effects of Overdose of Beta Carotene

Discontinue the vitamin A if hypercalcaemia persists and administer I.V. saline, prednisolone, and calcitonin if required. Monitor hepatic function tests to detect liver damage.

Zinc

About Zinc

Trance metal, Dietary mineral, Nutritional supplement,Treatment of zinc deficiency,in wound healing.

Mechanism of Action of Zinc

Zinc acts as a cofactor for more than 70 different enzymes. Zinc dependent enzymes are involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Zinc facilitates wound healing, normal growth rates, normal skin hydration and maintains senses of taste and smell. It provides normal growth and tissue repair. It also helps in development of cell mediated immunity.

Pharmacokinets of Zinc

Absorption: Poorly absorbed orally, Distribution: Zinc is distributed mainly in to skeletal muscle, skin, bone, pancreas, kidney, liver, retina, prostate, RBC, and WBC. Excretion: Excreted mainly through intestine; only 2% loss in the urine.

Onset of Action for Zinc

N/A

Duration of Action for Zinc

N/A

Half Life of Zinc

N/A

Side Effects of Zinc

1. Nausea
2. Vomiting
3. Abdominal distress
4. Gastric ulceration
5. Rashes

Contra-indications of Zinc

N/A

Special Precautions while taking Zinc

1.Don`t exceed prescribed dose
2.Renal failure
3.Biliary obstruction

Pregnancy Related Information

Use with caution

Old Age Related Information

N/A

Breast Feeding Related Information

N/A

Children Related Information

N/A

Indications for Zinc

1. Zinc deficiency
2. Acne vulgaris
3. Chronic skin ulcers
4. Adjunct to antimicrobials
5. Delayed wound healing
6. Alopecia

Interactions for Zinc

Fluoroquinolones, Tetracyclines: Decreased GI absorption and serum levels of some fluoroquinolone.
Pencillamine: Reduced absorption of zinc.
Iron: Reduced absorption of iron and vice versa.

Typical Dosage for Zinc

Adults: 25 to 50mg zinc daily or 1 to 2 tablets daily.
Children: 5mg/kg 1 to 3 times daily.

Schedule of Zinc

N/A

Storage Requirements for Zinc

Store at a temperature below 30 degree C

Effects of Missed Dosage of Zinc

Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.

Effects of Overdose of Zinc

Provide symptomatic treatment and supportive measures

Chromium

About Chromium

Chromium is by far the most pivotal nutrient involved in sugar metabolism. Trivalent chromium is a part of glucose tolerance factor, an essential activator of insulin mediated reactions. Chromium improves insulin binding, insulin receptor number, insulin internalization, beta cell sensitivity and insulin receptor enzymes with overall increases in insulin sensitivity. Thus it helps to maintain normal glucose metabolism and peripheral nerve function. A number of clinical studies have been conducted which show that chromium is an effective therapy for both Type I and Type II diabetes. Except for supplementation, there is no good way to rebuild the body?s stockpile of chromium.
Deficiency symptoms: Impaired glucose tolerance, peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, confusion.
Over dosage symptoms: In normal therapeutic doses side effects have not been reported except occasional insomnia. In the event of over dosage - nausea, vomiting, GI ulcers, renal/hepatic damage, convulsion, coma may occur.

Mechanism of Action of Chromium

Chromium picolinate acts by influencing carbohydrate metabolism. It stimulates Insulin mediated reactions and improves glucose tolerance. Chromium picolinate helps to improve; insulin binding, insulin receptor number, insulin internalization, beta cell sensitivity and insulin receptor enzymes with overall increase in insulin sensitivity. Thus it maintains normal glucose metabolism and peripheral nerve functions. It improves carbohydrate metabolism, increases energy and helps to control diabetes. It also helps to control weight.

Pharmacokinets of Chromium

Absorption: Well absorbed orally, Distribution: Widely distributed in the body in especially in to liver, kidney, bone, and spleen; normal plasma level is 1 to 5mcg/l. Excretion: Excreted mainly through urine.

Onset of Action for Chromium

N/A

Duration of Action for Chromium

N/A

Half Life of Chromium

N/A

Side Effects of Chromium

N/A

Contra-indications of Chromium

1. Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Special Precautions while taking Chromium

1. Prolonged therapy with the drug
2.Hypoglycaemia
3.In patients with Type II diabetes mellitus use of chromium picolinate is only under the direct medical supervision
4.Renal impairment
5.Hepatic impairment

Pregnancy Related Information

Use with caution

Old Age Related Information

Use with caution

Breast Feeding Related Information

Use with caution

Children Related Information

N/A

Indications for Chromium

1.Type I diabetes mellitus
2.Type II diabetes mellitus
3.Obesity.

Interactions for Chromium

N/A

Typical Dosage for Chromium

Oral: 200 mcg daily; increases up to 1mg daily if required.

Schedule of Chromium

N/A

Storage Requirements for Chromium

Store in a well closed container at a cool dry place.

Effects of Missed Dosage of Chromium

Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.

Effects of Overdose of Chromium

Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment.

Selenium

About Selenium

A vital antioxidant, selenium acts with vitamin E to protect the immune system and maintain healthy heart function. It is needed for pancreatic function and tissue elasticity and has been shown to protect against radiation and toxic minerals. High levels of heart disease are associated with selenium-deficient soil in Finland and a tendency to fibrotic heart lesions is associated with selenium deficiency in parts of China. Best sources are butter, Brazil nuts, seafood and grains grown in selenium-rich soil.

Mechanism of Action of Selenium

N/A

Pharmacokinets of Selenium

N/A

Onset of Action for Selenium

N/A

Duration of Action for Selenium

N/A

Half Life of Selenium

N/A

Side Effects of Selenium

N/A

Contra-indications of Selenium

N/A

Special Precautions while taking Selenium

N/A

Pregnancy Related Information

N/A

Old Age Related Information

N/A

Breast Feeding Related Information

N/A

Children Related Information

N/A

Indications for Selenium

N/A

Interactions for Selenium

N/A

Typical Dosage for Selenium

N/A

Schedule of Selenium

N/A

Storage Requirements for Selenium

N/A

Effects of Missed Dosage of Selenium

N/A

Effects of Overdose of Selenium

N/A

Vanadium

About Vanadium

An ultra-trace mineral, A nutritional supplement, In Type 2 diabetes, low blood sugar, high cholesterol, heart disease, tuberculosis.

Mechanism of Action of Vanadium

Vanadium is an ultra-trace mineral found in the human diet and the human body. Deficiency symptoms include growth retardation, bone deformities, and infertility. Vanadium may be involved in NADPH oxidation reactions, lipoprotein lipase activity, amino acid transport, and the growth of red blood cells.
Vanadium primarily functions as a cofactor, which enhances or inhibits enzymes.
Bones and Teeth: Vanadium may have a functional role as a building material in bones and teeth.
Cholesterol and Triglyceride: Vanadium may be able to assist in lowering elevated serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
Type 2 Diabetes: Vanadium produces insulin-like properties and it has role in treating diabetes. Vanadium stimulate glucose metabolism. It decreases blood glucose levels in h Type 2 diabetes. Vanadium produces Insulin like effect by following actions.
1. It decreases the activity of the gluconeogenesis enzyme, glucose-6-phosphatase
2. It increases the activity of 2 glycolytic enzymes, glucokinase and phosphofructokinase
3. It increases glycogen production

Pharmacokinets of Vanadium

Only about 5 - 10 % of ingested tissue organs mainly liver, kidney and bone.

Onset of Action for Vanadium

N/A

Duration of Action for Vanadium

N/A

Half Life of Vanadium

N/A

Side Effects of Vanadium

1.Diarrhoea
2.Nausea
3.Vomiting
4.Stomach cramps
5.Black stools
6.Purple-green tongue
7.Breathing problems
8.Tightness in throat or chest
9.Chest pain
10.Skin hives
11.Rash
12.Swollen skin
13.Fatigue
14.Weight loss

Contra-indications of Vanadium

Hypersensitivity to the drug

Special Precautions while taking Vanadium

1.High blood pressure
2.Liver problems
3.Kidney problems
4.Heart disease
5.Blood vessel disease
6.Gastrointestinal problems
7.Manic-depressive disorder
8.Diabetic problems

Pregnancy Related Information

Use with caution

Old Age Related Information

Use with caution

Breast Feeding Related Information

Use with caution

Children Related Information

Use with caution

Indications for Vanadium

1.As nutritional supplement
2.Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Interactions for Vanadium

Heparin: Vanadium worsened the blood thinning effects of heparin

Typical Dosage for Vanadium

Depending on the severity of the infection, strength of the medicine dose is determined by the physician.
500 mcg daily
Diabetes mellitus: 100mg to 300mg per day

Schedule of Vanadium

N/A

Storage Requirements for Vanadium

Store away from heat and direct light.

Effects of Missed Dosage of Vanadium

Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.

Effects of Overdose of Vanadium

Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment.

Alpha-Lipoic acid

About Alpha-Lipoic acid

Naturally occurring dithiol compound , antioxidant, Agent for neuropathies.

Mechanism of Action of Alpha-Lipoic acid

Alpha-lipoic acid and its reduced metabolite, Dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), form a redox couple and may scavenge a wide range of reactive oxygen species. Alpha-lipoic acid has been found to decrease urinary isoprostanes, O-LDL and plasma protein carbonyls, markers of oxidative stress. Further, alpha-lipoic acid and its redox couple DHLA have been found to have antioxidant activity in aqueous, as well as in lipophilic regions, and in extra cellular and intracellular environments. Alpha-lipoic acid participates in the recycling of other important biologic antioxidants, such as vitamins E and C, Ubiquinone and glutathione.
Both alpha-lipoic acid and DHLA can scavenge hydroxyl radicals, the nitric oxide radical, peroxynitrite, hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorite. Alpha-lipoic acid may scavenge singlet oxygen, and DHLA may scavenge super oxide and peroxyl reactive oxygen species.

Pharmacokinets of Alpha-Lipoic acid

Absorption: Alpha-lipoic acid is absorbed from the small intestine. The natural R-entantiomer is more readily absorbed than the L-entantiomer and is the more active form.
Distribution:It is distributed to the liver via the portal circulation and to various tissues in the body via the systemic circulation. . Alpha-lipoic acid readily crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is found, after its distribution to the various body tissues, intracellularly, intramitochondrialy and extracellularly.Metabolism: Alpha-lipoic acid is metabolized to its reduced form, dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), by mitochondrial lipoamide dehydrogenase enzyme. DHLA, together with lipoic acid, form a redox couple. It is also metabolized to lipoamide, which functions as the lipoic acid cofactor in the multienzyme complexes that catalyze the oxidative decarboxylations of pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate. Alpha-lipoic acid may be metabolized to dithiol octanoic acid, which can undergo catabolism.

Onset of Action for Alpha-Lipoic acid

N/A

Duration of Action for Alpha-Lipoic acid

N/A

Half Life of Alpha-Lipoic acid

N/A

Side Effects of Alpha-Lipoic acid

1.Nausea
2.Vomiting

Contra-indications of Alpha-Lipoic acid

1.Contraindicated during radiotherapy

Special Precautions while taking Alpha-Lipoic acid

Patient with diabetes and problems with glucose intolerance

Pregnancy Related Information

Use with caution

Old Age Related Information

N/A

Breast Feeding Related Information

Use with caution

Children Related Information

N/A

Indications for Alpha-Lipoic acid

1.Diabetic neuropathy
2.It may help prevent the oxidation of LDL cholesterol and may be protective, generally, against oxidative stress and, specifically, against atherosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury and various radiologic and chemical toxins.
3.It may also be useful in some inborn metabolic disorders

Interactions for Alpha-Lipoic acid

N/A

Typical Dosage for Alpha-Lipoic acid

Adult: up to 600 milligrams daily
Diabetic neuropathy: 300 milligrams daily taken in divided doses.

Schedule of Alpha-Lipoic acid

N/A

Storage Requirements for Alpha-Lipoic acid

Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat.Keep out of the reach of children. Keep the medicine from freezing. Do not refrigerate.

Effects of Missed Dosage of Alpha-Lipoic acid

Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose.Continue the regular schedule.Do not double the dose.

Effects of Overdose of Alpha-Lipoic acid

Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment.

Home Delivery for Vit B12 + Vit B1+ Vit B6 + Vitamin E + Beta Carotene + Zinc + Chromium + Selenium + Vanadium + Alpha-lipoic acid in Your City

Medicine India is just a publishing medium for medicine related information and does not provide services or sales of medicines including vit b12 + vit b1+ vit b6 + vitamin e + beta carotene + zinc + chromium + selenium + vanadium + alpha-lipoic acid.

However, we do publish a comprehensive directory of Pharmacies, Chemists and Druggists in cities all over India. You can use this directory to find the medicine stores in your city (or area) that provide home delivery services for vit b12 + vit b1+ vit b6 + vitamin e + beta carotene + zinc + chromium + selenium + vanadium + alpha-lipoic acid and other medicines and health products. Home delivery services for vit b12 + vit b1+ vit b6 + vitamin e + beta carotene + zinc + chromium + selenium + vanadium + alpha-lipoic acid may be free or they may cost you depending on the pharmacy and the minimum order requirements. It would be best to get this clarified while placing the order.

Please be aware that you should take vit b12 + vit b1+ vit b6 + vitamin e + beta carotene + zinc + chromium + selenium + vanadium + alpha-lipoic acid only if a doctor has recommended or prescribed it. Some or all pharmacies who provide a home delivery service for medicines might insist on a prescription for vit b12 + vit b1+ vit b6 + vitamin e + beta carotene + zinc + chromium + selenium + vanadium + alpha-lipoic acid before they complete the sale. You can get this information while placing the order for vit b12 + vit b1+ vit b6 + vitamin e + beta carotene + zinc + chromium + selenium + vanadium + alpha-lipoic acid with the pharmacy.

Vit B12 + Vit B1+ Vit B6 + Vitamin E + Beta Carotene + Zinc + Chromium + Selenium + Vanadium + Alpha-lipoic acid is a generic medicine name and there are several brands available for it. Some of the brands for vit b12 + vit b1+ vit b6 + vitamin e + beta carotene + zinc + chromium + selenium + vanadium + alpha-lipoic acid might be better known than vit b12 + vit b1+ vit b6 + vitamin e + beta carotene + zinc + chromium + selenium + vanadium + alpha-lipoic acid itself. If the pharmacy that's willing to deliver medicines to your home doesn't have vit b12 + vit b1+ vit b6 + vitamin e + beta carotene + zinc + chromium + selenium + vanadium + alpha-lipoic acid in stock, you can ask for one of the branded alternatives for vit b12 + vit b1+ vit b6 + vitamin e + beta carotene + zinc + chromium + selenium + vanadium + alpha-lipoic acid.