Iron (Ferrous fumarate) + Vit B12 + Folic acid + Copper + Protein Pharmacology

Iron (Ferrous fumarate) + Vit B12 + Folic acid + Copper + Protein

About Iron (Ferrous fumarate) + Vit B12 + Folic acid + Copper + Protein
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Mechanism of Action of Iron (Ferrous fumarate) + Vit B12 + Folic acid + Copper + Protein
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Pharmacokinets of Iron (Ferrous fumarate) + Vit B12 + Folic acid + Copper + Protein
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Onset of Action for Iron (Ferrous fumarate) + Vit B12 + Folic acid + Copper + Protein
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Duration of Action for Iron (Ferrous fumarate) + Vit B12 + Folic acid + Copper + Protein
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Half Life of Iron (Ferrous fumarate) + Vit B12 + Folic acid + Copper + Protein
N/A
Side Effects of Iron (Ferrous fumarate) + Vit B12 + Folic acid + Copper + Protein
N/A
Contra-indications of Iron (Ferrous fumarate) + Vit B12 + Folic acid + Copper + Protein
N/A
Special Precautions while taking Iron (Ferrous fumarate) + Vit B12 + Folic acid + Copper + Protein
N/A
Pregnancy Related Information
N/A
Old Age Related Information
N/A
Breast Feeding Related Information
N/A
Children Related Information
N/A
Indications for Iron (Ferrous fumarate) + Vit B12 + Folic acid + Copper + Protein
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Interactions for Iron (Ferrous fumarate) + Vit B12 + Folic acid + Copper + Protein
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Typical Dosage for Iron (Ferrous fumarate) + Vit B12 + Folic acid + Copper + Protein
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Schedule of Iron (Ferrous fumarate) + Vit B12 + Folic acid + Copper + Protein
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Storage Requirements for Iron (Ferrous fumarate) + Vit B12 + Folic acid + Copper + Protein
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Effects of Missed Dosage of Iron (Ferrous fumarate) + Vit B12 + Folic acid + Copper + Protein
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Effects of Overdose of Iron (Ferrous fumarate) + Vit B12 + Folic acid + Copper + Protein
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Iron (Ferrous fumarate)

About Iron (Ferrous fumarate)
Iron (II) salt of fumaric acid, Oral iron preparation, Antianemic,hematinic.
Mechanism of Action of Iron (Ferrous fumarate)
Ferrous fumarate is used as a source of iron for iron-deficiency anaemia. It is given by mouth in usual doses of up to 600 mg daily (equivalent to about 200 mg of iron daily). Iron formulations exert haematinic action by being an essential constituent of haemoglobin. It is necessary for the oxidative process of living tissues.
Ferrous fumarate has similar efficacy as that of Ferrous sulphate.But it is more stable and almost tasteless as compared to Ferrous fumarate and it does not precipitate proteins and does not interfere with enzymes of digestive system.
Pharmacokinets of Iron (Ferrous fumarate)
Absorption: Absorbed orally in ferrous form and poorly absorbed in healthy individuals (about 10%) but in patients suffering from iron deficiency anaemia up to 60% dose is absorbed. Distribution: Transported in a transferrin bound form in to bone marrow for incorporation in to haemoglobin. Metabolism: Iron liberated by destruction of haemoglobin is reused by the body. Excretion: Excretion of iron is minimal. Loss usually occurs in nails, faeces, urine, hair, sweat, and bile.

Onset of Action for Iron (Ferrous fumarate)
N/A
Duration of Action for Iron (Ferrous fumarate)
N/A
Half Life of Iron (Ferrous fumarate)
N/A
Side Effects of Iron (Ferrous fumarate)
1.Nausea
2.Epigasttric distress
3.Vomiting
4.Constipation
5.Diarrhoea
6.Black stools
7.Temporary staining of teeth with liquid formulations.
Contra-indications of Iron (Ferrous fumarate)
1.Haemolytic anaemia unless iron deficiency anaemia is also present
2.Haemochromatosis
3.Haemosiderosis
4.Peptic ulcer
5.Regional enteritis
6.Ulcerative colitis
7.Those receiving repeated blood transfusions
Special Precautions while taking Iron (Ferrous fumarate)
1. Prolonged use
2. Minimise gastrointestinal discomfort by taking along with meals and gradually increasing the recommended dosage
3. Discontinue if intolerance occurs
4. Higher doses are required for geriatric patients
Pregnancy Related Information
May be used
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
May be used
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Indications for Iron (Ferrous fumarate)
1. Iron deficiency
2. Iron deficiency anaemia
Interactions for Iron (Ferrous fumarate)
N/A
Typical Dosage for Iron (Ferrous fumarate)
Oral:
Adults: Starts with 50 to 100mg 2 to 3 times daily. Adjust the dosage based on patient`s response.
Children: 4 to 6mg/kg daily in three divided doses.
Schedule of Iron (Ferrous fumarate)
H
Storage Requirements for Iron (Ferrous fumarate)
Store in a well closed container in a cool dry place. Protect from light.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Iron (Ferrous fumarate)
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Iron (Ferrous fumarate)
Treatment includes immediate support of airway, respiration, and circulation. In conscious patients induce emesis with ipecac; if not empty stomach by gastric lavage. Follow emesis with lavage, using a 1% sodium bicarbonate solution to convert iron to less irritating poorly absorbed form. Take abdominal X-ray to determine presence of excess iron. Deferoxamine may be used for systemic chelation if serum levels of iron exceed 350mg/dl.

Vit B12

About Vit B12
N/A
Mechanism of Action of Vit B12
Vitamin B12 is an essential constituent for growth, cell reproduction, hematopoiesis, and nucleoprotein and myelin synthesis. Vitamin B12 is converted in to coenzyme B12 in the tissues which is essential for conversion of methyl-malonate to succinate and synthesis of methionine from homocystine. It is also associated with fat and carbohydrate metabolism and protein synthesis. Cells characterized by rapid division such as epithelial cells, bone marrow, and myeloid cells appear to have greatest requirement of Cyanocobalamin.
Pharmacokinets of Vit B12
Absorption: Absorbed irregularly after oral administration and absorption depends on Ca and intrinsic factor. It is also administered subcutaneously and intramuscularly.
Distribution: Distributed in to liver, bone marrow, and other tissues. It crosses the placenta and appears in breast milk.
Metabolism: It is metabolized in liver.
Excretion: In normal dosage it is reabsorbed from bile and a minute portion is excreted through urine but the extra drug is excreted through urine.
Onset of Action for Vit B12
N/A
Duration of Action for Vit B12
N/A
Half Life of Vit B12
N/A
Side Effects of Vit B12
1. Anaphylaxis
2. Anaphylactoid reactions
3. Pain and burning sensation at injection site
4. Itching
5. Urticaria
6. Transient diarrhea
7. Peripheral vascular thrombosis
8. Pulmonary oedema
Contra-indications of Vit B12
1. Hypersensitivity to the drug
2. Leber`s disease
Special Precautions while taking Vit B12
1. Anemic patients with coexisting cardiac, pulmonary and hypertensive diseases.
Pregnancy Related Information
May be used
Old Age Related Information
May be used
Breast Feeding Related Information
May be used
Children Related Information
Use with caution
NEONATES : Use with caution
Indications for Vit B12
1. Vitamin B12 deficiency
2. Pernicious Anaemia
3. Peripheral neuropathy (diabetic, alcoholic, and drug induced)
Interactions for Vit B12
N/A
Typical Dosage for Vit B12
I.M., S.C.:
Pernicious Anaemia: 100mcg daily for 1 week followed by the same dose given on alternate days for 7 doses and then every 3 to 4days for another 3 weeks. This regimen should be followed by 100mcg monthly for life. Concurrently administer folic acid if required.
Vitamin B12 deficiency other than pernicious Anaemia: 30mcg daily for 5 to 10days depending up on the severity of the condition.
Maintenance dosage: 100 to 200mcg once monthly.
Children: 100mcg I.M. or S.C. over the course of 2 or more weeks.
Maintenance dosage: 60mcg monthly I.M. or S.C.
Schilling test flushing dose:
Adults and Children: 1000mcg I.M. in single dose
Recommended RDA (recommended dietary allowance) for Vitamin B12:
Infants up to 6months of age: 0.3mcg.
Children age 6 months to 1 year: 0.5mcg.
Children age 1 to 3: 0.7mcg.
Children age 4 to 6: 1mcg.
Children age 7 to 10: 1.4mcg.
Children age 11 to adult: 2mcg..
Pregnant women: 2.2mcg.
Breast feeding women: 2.6mcg.
Schedule of Vit B12
C
Storage Requirements for Vit B12
Store at room temperature range of 15 to 30 degree C.in a light resistant well closed container in a dry place.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Vit B12
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Vit B12
Not applicable. Even in large doses Vitamin B12 isn`t usually toxic.

Folic Acid

About Folic Acid
Dietary supplement, Folate derivative( B9 ), Water Soluble Vitamin.
Mechanism of Action of Folic Acid
Folic acid reduced by enzymes folate reductase and dihydrofolate reductase and forms dihydrofolic acid tetrahydrofolic acid respectively. Tetrahydrofolic acid acts as a coenzyme which mediates a number of one carbon transfer reactions by carrying a methyl group as an adduct. It involves a number of reactions such as 1).conversion of homocysteine to methionine. 2).synthesis of thymidylate which is an essential constituent of DNA from methylene-tetrahydrofolic acid. 3). Conversion of serine to glycine by tetrahydrofolic acid and forms methylene-tetrahydrofolic acid. 4).to introduce carbon units at position 2 and 8 during de novo purine synthesis requires formyl-tetrahydrofolic acid and methenyl-tetrahydrofolic acid.5).generation and utilization of "formate pool". 6).For mediating formino group transfer in histidine metabolism. Folic acid is required to maintain normal erythropoiesis and nucleoprotein synthesis.
Pharmacokinets of Folic Acid
Absorption: Well absorbed orally
Distribution: Widely distributed in the body and highest concentration is seen in liver. It appears in the CSF and breast milk
Metabolism: Metabolized in to N-methyl tetrahydrofolic acid in liver
Excretion: Extra drug is excreted unchanged in urine. A small portion of folate is lost by a combination of urinary and fecal excretion and oxidative cleavage of molecule.
Onset of Action for Folic Acid
Oral: 20 to 30minutes
I.V.: 5 minutes
I.M.:10 to 20minutes
Duration of Action for Folic Acid
Oral: 3 to 6 hours
I.V.:3 to 6minutes
I.M.:3 to 6hours
Half Life of Folic Acid
N/A
Side Effects of Folic Acid
N/A
Contra-indications of Folic Acid
N/A
Special Precautions while taking Folic Acid
1. In patients with undiagnosed anaemia; because it may mask pernicious anaemia
2. In pernicious anaemia and other megaloblastic where vitamin B12 is deficient
Pregnancy Related Information
May be used
Old Age Related Information
May be used
Breast Feeding Related Information
May be used
Children Related Information
May be used
Indications for Folic Acid
1. Megaloblastic anaemia
2. Folic acid deficiency
3. Anaemias of pregnancy
4. Nutritional anaemia
5. Alcoholism
6. Tropical sprue
7. Non tropical sprue
Interactions for Folic Acid
1. Hypersensitivity reactions with injection form
2. Bronchospasm
Typical Dosage for Folic Acid
Oral: 5mg 1 to 4 times daily; depending up on the severity of deficiency.
Maintenance dosage: Half of the therapeutic dosage.
Children: 2.5 to 5mg 1 to 2 times daily.
Schedule of Folic Acid
C1 (Oral)
C (Parenteral)
Storage Requirements for Folic Acid
Store at controlled room temperature at a range of 15 to 25 degree C in a well closed container. Protect from excess heat, light and moisture.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Folic Acid
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Folic Acid
Relatively non toxic. Provide symptomatic treatment and supportive measures.

Copper

About Copper
Third most abundant essential trace mineral, A cofactor for many proteins, iron utilization enhancer, Copper deficiency.
Mechanism of Action of Copper
Copper is one of a relatively small group of metallic elements which are essential to human health. These elements, along with amino and fatty acids as well as vitamins, are required for normal metabolic processes.
Pharmacokinets of Copper
Absorption:It is orally well absorbed.
Onset of Action for Copper
N/A
Duration of Action for Copper
N/A
Half Life of Copper
N/A
Side Effects of Copper
1.Breathing problems
2.Chest pain
3.Skin hives
4.Rash
5.Swollen skin
6.Upset stomach
Contra-indications of Copper
Hypersensitivity to the drug
Special Precautions while taking Copper
1.Blood pressure
2.Heart or blood vessel disease
Pregnancy Related Information
use with caution
Old Age Related Information
N/A
Breast Feeding Related Information
use with caution
Children Related Information
N/A
Indications for Copper
1. As a supplement for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, anemia, to enhance immunity, and to treat arthritis.
Interactions for Copper
N/A
Typical Dosage for Copper
As directed by the physician
Schedule of Copper
N/A
Storage Requirements for Copper
Store at 15 - 30 degree C. Protect from heat and light. Kept the container tightly closed after use. Keep out of the reach of children
Effects of Missed Dosage of Copper
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Copper
Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment.

Protein

About Protein
Nutrient.
Mechanism of Action of Protein
Protein is an essential nutrient for cell maintenance and repair, and regulation of a wide range of bodily functions. Our digestive system breaks down protein to its amino acid constituents. They`re involved in the nervous system, repairing and maintaining tissue such as bones and skin, and bringing energy to cells. Protein is the building block of all life and is essential for the growth of cells and tissue repair. Protein is made up of amino acids.There are 22 amino acids, divided into essential and non-essential amino acids. Essential amino acids must appear in our diet because they cannot be made by the body. The 8 essential amino acids we must eat in our diet include: isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan and valine.
Pharmacokinets of Protein
N/A
Onset of Action for Protein
N/A
Duration of Action for Protein
N/A
Half Life of Protein
N/A
Side Effects of Protein
N/A
Contra-indications of Protein
N/A
Special Precautions while taking Protein
N/A
Pregnancy Related Information
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Old Age Related Information
N/A
Breast Feeding Related Information
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Children Related Information
N/A
Indications for Protein
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Interactions for Protein
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Typical Dosage for Protein
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Schedule of Protein
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Storage Requirements for Protein
N/A
Effects of Missed Dosage of Protein
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Effects of Overdose of Protein
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