Paracetamol + Ambroxol + Phenylephrine + Levocetirizine Pharmacology

Paracetamol + Ambroxol + Phenylephrine + Levocetirizine

About Paracetamol + Ambroxol + Phenylephrine + Levocetirizine
N/A
Mechanism of Action of Paracetamol + Ambroxol + Phenylephrine + Levocetirizine
Ambroxol: is a clinically proven systemically active mucolytic agent.The breakdown of acid mucopolysaccharide fibers makes the sputum thinner and less viscous and therefore more easily removed by coughing. Although sputum volume eventually decreases, its viscosity remains low for as long as treatment is maintained.

Phenylephrine hydrochloride :acts as nasal decongestant .Phenylephrine decreases nasal congestion by acting on ?1-adrenergic receptors in the arterioles of the nasal mucosa to produce constriction; this leads to decreased edema and increased drainage of the sinus cavities.

Levocetirizine:the active enantiomer of cetirizine, is an anti-histamine; its principal effects are mediated via selective inhibition of H1 receptors
Pharmacokinets of Paracetamol + Ambroxol + Phenylephrine + Levocetirizine
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Onset of Action for Paracetamol + Ambroxol + Phenylephrine + Levocetirizine
N/A
Duration of Action for Paracetamol + Ambroxol + Phenylephrine + Levocetirizine
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Half Life of Paracetamol + Ambroxol + Phenylephrine + Levocetirizine
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Side Effects of Paracetamol + Ambroxol + Phenylephrine + Levocetirizine
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Contra-indications of Paracetamol + Ambroxol + Phenylephrine + Levocetirizine
N/A
Special Precautions while taking Paracetamol + Ambroxol + Phenylephrine + Levocetirizine
N/A
Pregnancy Related Information
N/A
Old Age Related Information
N/A
Breast Feeding Related Information
N/A
Children Related Information
N/A
Indications for Paracetamol + Ambroxol + Phenylephrine + Levocetirizine
Wet Cough +Cold
Interactions for Paracetamol + Ambroxol + Phenylephrine + Levocetirizine
paracetamol has its toxicity increased by alcohol, paracetamol has its toxicity increased by aethanolum, paracetamol has its toxicity increased by ethanol, paracetamol has its toxicity increased by ethyl alcohol.
Typical Dosage for Paracetamol + Ambroxol + Phenylephrine + Levocetirizine
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Schedule of Paracetamol + Ambroxol + Phenylephrine + Levocetirizine
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Storage Requirements for Paracetamol + Ambroxol + Phenylephrine + Levocetirizine
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Effects of Missed Dosage of Paracetamol + Ambroxol + Phenylephrine + Levocetirizine
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Effects of Overdose of Paracetamol + Ambroxol + Phenylephrine + Levocetirizine
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Paracetamol

About Paracetamol
Acetanilide derivative, Non narcotic Analgesic,Antipyretic.
Mechanism of Action of Paracetamol
Paracetamol has analgesic and antipyretic action.
It is more active on cyclo-oxygenase enzyme in brain. Peripherally it is a poor inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis.
Analgesic action: Paracetamol raises the pain threshold and produces analgesic effect.
Antipyretic action: Paracetamol lowers fever by direct action on the thermoregulatory centre in the Hypothalamus and block the effects of endogenous pyrogen.
Pharmacokinets of Paracetamol
Absorption: Paracetamol is rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration.
Distribution: It is distributed mostly in the body in unbound form.
Metabolism: It is extensively metabolised in the liver.
Excretion: Excreted in the urine.
Onset of Action for Paracetamol
30 - 60 minutes
Duration of Action for Paracetamol
6 hours
Half Life of Paracetamol
1-4 hours
Side Effects of Paracetamol
1. Nausea
2. Abdominal distress
3. Allergic reactions
4. Rash
Contra-indications of Paracetamol
1. Hypersensitivity to Paracetamol
Special Precautions while taking Paracetamol
1. Hepatic impairment
2. Renal impairment
3. Hypertension
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Use with caution
NEONATES : Contraindicated
Indications for Paracetamol
1. To relieve pain and fever
2. Acute gout
3. Migraine
Interactions for Paracetamol
Cholestyramine: Reduces absorption of paracetamol.
Charcoal: Activated, administered immediately reduces absorption of paracetamol.
Domperidone and metochlopramide: Enhance absorption of paracetamol.
Alcohol: Chronic excessive ingestion of alcohol potentiates hepatotoxicity of paracetamol.
Zidovudine: Effects zidovudine may be decreased.
Typical Dosage for Paracetamol
Adult:
500 - 1000 mg in 3 times daily
Maximum dose: 4 g / day
For migraine: 500 mg to be taken at the first sign of migraine attack and repeated 4 - 6 hourly until suppress mild attacks.
Children:
60 mg / kg body weight /day in 4 divided doses.
Schedule of Paracetamol
H
Storage Requirements for Paracetamol
Store at 15-30 degree C in a tightly closed container. Protect from heat and moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Paracetamol
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Paracetamol
Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. Drug can be removed from the body by gastric lavage or by inducing emesis. Absorption of the drug can be reduced by administration of activated charcoal. N-acetylcysteine is the specific antidote for Paracetamol poisoning. Dose: 150 mg /kg body weight as IV infusion over 15 minutes followed by same dose over 20 hours.
Maintenance dose: 75 mg / kg orally every 4 - 6 hours for 2 - 3 days. Haemodialysis can be done in emergency conditions.

Ambroxol

About Ambroxol
Active N-desmethyl metabolite of bromhexine,systemically active mucolytic agent, Secretomotoric and expectoration improver.
Mechanism of Action of Ambroxol
Ambroxol hydrochloride acts as an expectoration improver and mucolytic agent. It decreases mucus viscosity by altering its structure. It depolymerises mucopolysaccharides directly as well as by liberating lysosomal enzymes and by breaking network of fibres in tenacious sputum . It induces thin copious bronchial secretion and possesses antioxidant properties.
Pharmacokinets of Ambroxol
N/A
Onset of Action for Ambroxol
N/A
Duration of Action for Ambroxol
N/A
Half Life of Ambroxol
N/A
Side Effects of Ambroxol
1. Rhinorrhoea
2. Lacrimations
3. Allergic reactions
4. Gastric irritation.
Contra-indications of Ambroxol
Hypersensitivity to the Ambroxol hydrochloride or Bromhexine.
Special Precautions while taking Ambroxol
1.Hepatic impairment
2.Renal impairment
3.Gastric and duodenal ulcer
4.Convulsive disorders
Pregnancy Related Information
Contraindicated
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Indications for Ambroxol
1. As Expectorant and mucolytic
2. Conditions associated with production of viscid mucous
3. Bronchitis
4. Pharyngitis
5. Laryngitis
6. Rhinitis
7. Sinusitis
8. Asthmatic bronchitis
9. Mucous bronchiectasis
10. Chronic Pneumonia.
Interactions for Ambroxol
N/A
Typical Dosage for Ambroxol
Oral: 15mg to 30mg three times daily.
Children (6 to 12years): 5ml 2 to 3 times daily
Children (2 to 6years): 2.5ml thrice daily. (5ml liquid contains 30mg Ambroxol hydrochloride)
Children up to 2 years: 7.5mg two times daily
Schedule of Ambroxol
H
Storage Requirements for Ambroxol
Store in a cool dry place and protect from light. Keep out of reach of children.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Ambroxol
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Ambroxol
Provide symptomatic treatment and supportive measures.

Phenylephrine

About Phenylephrine
An a1-adrenergic receptor agonist, Phenethylamine derivative, Decongestant, Antiglaucoma, Mydriatic.
Mechanism of Action of Phenylephrine
The drug exerts it`s pharmacological action by acting as a selective alpha-1 adrenergic agonist. It causes vasoconstriction and increases total peripheral resistance and raises blood pressure. It reduces intraocular tension by constricting ciliary body blood vessels and produce mydriasis (without cycloplegia). It exerts nasal decongestant action; by vasoconstrictory action on arterioles of nasal mucosa. It prolongs and localizes the action of anaesthetics due to it`s vasoconstrictory action on skin, mucous membrane, and viscera and thus slows the rate of absorption of local anaesthetics.
Pharmacokinets of Phenylephrine
Absorption: Variable depending up on the route of administration. Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver and intestine.
Onset of Action for Phenylephrine
Nasal: Rapid
Ophthalmic: Rapid
I.V.: Rapid
I.M.: Within 15 minutes
Duration of Action for Phenylephrine
Nasal: ? to 4 hours
Ophthalmic: 3 to 7 hours
I.V.: 15 to 20 minutes
I.M.: ? to 2 hours.


Half Life of Phenylephrine
N/A
Side Effects of Phenylephrine
1.Bradycardia
2.Arrhythmias
3.Hypertension
4.Tachycardia
5.Palpitations
6.Premature ventricular contractions
7.Pallor
8.Headache
9.Dizziness
10.Nervousness
11.Brow ache(with ophthalmic form)
12.Burning or stinging in eye
13.Blurred vision
14.Elevated intraocular pressure
15.Nausea
16.Episodes of asthma
17.Tachyphylaxis
18.Anaphylaxis


Contra-indications of Phenylephrine
1.Hypersensitivity to the drug
2.Hyperthyroidism
3.Ventricular tachycardia and severe hypertension (Injected form)
4.Angle closure glaucoma and in those who wear soft contact lenses(ophthalmic form)
Special Precautions while taking Phenylephrine
1.Coronary diseases
2.Advanced arteriosclerosis
3.Bradycardia
4.Partial heart block
5.Myocardial diseases
6.Atherosclerosis
7.Hypertension
8.Nasal and ophthalmic form use cautiously in type-1 diabetes mellitus

Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Below age 6:contraindicated
Indications for Phenylephrine
1.Hypotension
2.Paroxysmal supra ventricular tachycardia
3.Maintain blood pressure during spinal and inhalation anaesthesia
4.Prolongation of spinal anaesthesia
5.Shock
6.Mydriasis(without cycloplegia)
7.Nasal congestion.
8.Cataract

Interactions for Phenylephrine
May interact with systemically administered MAOIs.
Typical Dosage for Phenylephrine
I.M. or S.C.: 2 to 5mg. Then if required; give doses up to 10mg.
Slow I.V. injection: 0.1 to 0.5mg. Then if required; repeat after 15 minutes.
I.V. infusion: Starts with 0.18mg/minute. Then adjust the dosage up to 0.03 to 0.06mg/minute based on patient`s response.
Nasal congestion: Apply 2 to 3 drops or 1 to 2 sprays of 0.25% to 1% solution instilled in each nostril.
Mydriasis (without cycloplegia): Instill 1 to 2drops 2.5% or 10% solution in eye. Repeated if required.
Prolongation of spinal anaesthesia: 2 to 5mg added to anaesthetic solution.
Schedule of Phenylephrine
N/A
Storage Requirements for Phenylephrine
Store at controlled room temperature at range of 15 to 30 degree C. in a well closed container. Protect from light.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Phenylephrine
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Phenylephrine
Discontinue the drug and give supportive and symptomatic treatment. Closely monitor vital signs. Use atropine sulfate to block reflex Bradycardia. Treat excessive hypertension with phentolamine. Treat cardiac arrhythmia with propranolol. Treat excessive mydriatic effect with levodopa.

Levocetirizine

About Levocetirizine
A third-generation non-sedative H1 antagonist, Antihistamine.
Mechanism of Action of Levocetirizine
This active enantiomer of cetrizine is a potent, nonsedative and selective H1 receptor antagonist. It antagonizes the allergic symptoms produced by histamines like runny nose, cold, cough etc. It also inhibit eotaxin-induced eosinophil TEM through both dermal and lung micro vascular endothelial cells. So inhibit eosinophil chemotaxis and also inflammation caused by it.
Pharmacokinets of Levocetirizine
Absorption- Well absorbed after oral administration.
Distribution-Widely distributed in the body.90% bound to the plasma proteins.
Metabolism- Metabolized in the liver to its metabolites.
Excretion- Excreted via urine and feces.
Onset of Action for Levocetirizine
N/A
Duration of Action for Levocetirizine
N/A
Half Life of Levocetirizine
Its plasma half life is 6-10hrs
Side Effects of Levocetirizine
1. Headache
2. Abdominal pain
3. Dry mouth
4. Fatigue
5. Pharyngitis
6. Sleepiness
7. Asthenia
8. Rhinitis causing a blocked or runny nose
9. Migraine

Contra-indications of Levocetirizine
1. Allergy to drug or other medicines that contain piperazine derivatives
2. Hereditary galactose intolerance
3. Hereditary Lapp lactase deficiency
4. Inherited glucose-galactose malabsorption
5. Severely decreased kidney function
Special Precautions while taking Levocetirizine
1. Decreased kidney function
2. Avoid alcohol or any work which require mental alertness like driving and machine operation during treatment.


Pregnancy Related Information
Contraindicated
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Indications for Levocetirizine
1. Rhinitis (seasonal and perennial)
2. Idiopathic urticaria
Interactions for Levocetirizine
Coadministration with alcohol or other CNS depressants may have additional CNS depressant effect.
Typical Dosage for Levocetirizine
Oral-
Adult-5mg/day.
Children (>6yrs) - 5mg/day.
Schedule of Levocetirizine
N/A
Storage Requirements for Levocetirizine
Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct light and heat.
Keep out of reach of children.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Levocetirizine
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Levocetirizine
Give symptomatic and supportive treatment.

Home Delivery for Paracetamol + Ambroxol + Phenylephrine + Levocetirizine in Your City

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