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- Pharmacology For Alfacalcidol + Beta Carotene + Magnesium Oxide
Alfacalcidol + Beta Carotene + Magnesium Oxide Pharmacology
Alfacalcidol + Beta Carotene + Magnesium Oxide
About Alfacalcidol + Beta Carotene + Magnesium OxideN/AMechanism of Action of Alfacalcidol + Beta Carotene + Magnesium OxideN/APharmacokinets of Alfacalcidol + Beta Carotene + Magnesium OxideN/AOnset of Action for Alfacalcidol + Beta Carotene + Magnesium OxideN/ADuration of Action for Alfacalcidol + Beta Carotene + Magnesium OxideN/AHalf Life of Alfacalcidol + Beta Carotene + Magnesium OxideN/ASide Effects of Alfacalcidol + Beta Carotene + Magnesium OxideN/AContra-indications of Alfacalcidol + Beta Carotene + Magnesium OxideHypercalcemiaSpecial Precautions while taking Alfacalcidol + Beta Carotene + Magnesium OxideWatch for hypercalcemiaPregnancy Related InformationUse with cautionOld Age Related InformationMay be usedBreast Feeding Related InformationUse with cautionChildren Related InformationMay be usedIndications for Alfacalcidol + Beta Carotene + Magnesium OxideRenal osteodystrophy, Vitamin D resistant rickets and Vitamin D dependant rickets, hypoparathyroidism and osteoporosis.Interactions for Alfacalcidol + Beta Carotene + Magnesium OxideN/ATypical Dosage for Alfacalcidol + Beta Carotene + Magnesium OxideN/ASchedule of Alfacalcidol + Beta Carotene + Magnesium OxideN/AStorage Requirements for Alfacalcidol + Beta Carotene + Magnesium OxideN/AEffects of Missed Dosage of Alfacalcidol + Beta Carotene + Magnesium OxideN/AEffects of Overdose of Alfacalcidol + Beta Carotene + Magnesium OxideN/AAlfacalcidol
About AlfacalcidolNutritional supplement,Vitamin D derivative, Antihypoparathyroid, Antihypocalcemic.Mechanism of Action of AlfacalcidolAlfacalcidol is a prodrug of Vitamin D and is rapidly hydroxylated in the liver in to calcitriol. Vitamin D exerts it`s action by influencing calcium homoeostasis. It increases the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate. It binds to the cytoplasmic Vitamin D receptor and translocates to the nucleus and thus increases the synthesis of specific m RNA and regulates protein synthesis. It increases the synthesis of a carrier protein for calcium called "calbindin" or calcium binding protein. Activation of Vitamin D receptor enhances endocytotic capture of calcium and it`s transport across duodenal mucosal cells in a vesicular form. Vitamin D promotes resorption of calcium and phosphate from bone by enhancing recruitment and differentiation of osteoclast precursors in the bone remodeling units. It helps in bone mineralization.Pharmacokinets of AlfacalcidolAbsorption: Well absorbed orally, Distribution: Widely distributed in a protein bound form. It is stored in adipose tissue and liver. Metabolism: It is hydroxylated in to calcitriol in liver. Excretion: Excreted mainly through bile.
Onset of Action for AlfacalcidolN/ADuration of Action for AlfacalcidolN/AHalf Life of AlfacalcidolN/ASide Effects of Alfacalcidol1.Hypercalcaemia
2.Fatigue
3.Weakness
4.Diarrhoea
5.Vomiting
6.Sluggishness
7.Albuminuria
8.Polyuria
9.Calcification of soft tissues (blood vessels, parenchymal organs including heart)
10.Renal stones
11.Growh retardation in children
12.Hypertension
13.Anorexia
14.Nausea
15.Constipation
16.Hyperphosphataemia.
Contra-indications of Alfacalcidol1.Hypercalcaemia
2.Hypervitaminosis D
3.Hyperphosphataemia (except when occurring with hypoparathyroidism
4.Hypermagnesaemia.
Special Precautions while taking Alfacalcidol1 Renal impairment
2.Hypercalciurea
3.Renal stones
4.Coronary diseases.
Pregnancy Related InformationUse with cautionOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationUse with cautionChildren Related InformationUse with cautionIndications for Alfacalcidol1.Rickets and Osteomalacia
2.Hypoparathyroidism with bone disease
3.Renal osteodystrophy
4.Osteoporosis
Interactions for AlfacalcidolDigitallis preparations: Cardiac arrhythmias precipitated.
Thiazide Diuretics: Hypercalcaemic response enhanced.
Barbiturates & other enzyme inducing anticonvulsants: Reduce efficacy.
Minteral Oil: Prolonged use reduces efficacy.
Cholestyramine, Cholestipol, Sucralfate, Aluminium based Antacids: Reduced efficacy by decreasing absorption of alfacalcidol.
Magnesium based Antacids or Laxatives: Hypermagnesaemia in those on chronic renal dialysis.Typical Dosage for AlfacalcidolOral:
Starts with 1mcg daily. Adjusted based on patients response to 2mcg daily if required.
Children over 20kg: Starts with 1mcg daily. Adjusted based on patient`s response.
Children under 20kg: 0.5mcg daily or 0.05mcg/kg/day
Schedule of AlfacalcidolC1Storage Requirements for AlfacalcidolStore in a well closed container in a cool place. Protect from light and excess heat. Keep out of reach of children.Effects of Missed Dosage of AlfacalcidolTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of AlfacalcidolProvide supportive and symptomatic treatment. Stops the treatment and starting a low calcium diet. Increases the fluid intake and administer Loop diuretics like furosemide may be given with saline I.V. infusion to increase calcium excretion. Calcitonin may decrease hypercalcaemia.Beta Carotene
About Beta CaroteneA natural precursor to Vitamin A.Mechanism of Action of Beta CaroteneBeta-carotene acts as the precursor of Vitamin A and in the body it is converted in to Vitamin A. Vitamin A is required for a variety of physiological functions in the body such as: - 1).Proper functioning of retina and formation of pigment Rhodopsin during dark adaptation. 2).promotes differentiation and maintains structural integrity of epithelia over the body and also retard the malignancies of epithelial structures.3).Promotes mucous secretion. 4).Inhibits keratinization, 5). Maintains proper bone growth, 6).Maintenance of spermatogenesis, 7).Supports foetal development, 8).Improves resistance to infection. It is required for proper antibody response, normal lymphocyte proliferation and killer cell function.Pharmacokinets of Beta CaroteneAbsorption: Completely absorbed normally. Steatorrhoea, bile deficiency, and protein poor diet adversely affects the absorption and absorption requires bile salts, pancreatic lipase, and dietary fat.
Distribution: Stored primarily as palmitate in kupffer`s cells in liver. Circulates in the form of specific alpha-1 protein; retinol binding protein and transported to cellular retinol binding protein of target cells.
Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver.
Excretion: Excreted mainly through bile and a small amount is excreted through urine.
Onset of Action for Beta CaroteneN/ADuration of Action for Beta CaroteneN/AHalf Life of Beta CaroteneN/ASide Effects of Beta CaroteneAdverse effects occurs only with higher doses and toxicity
1. Nausea
2. Vomiting
3. Itching
4. Dermatitis
5. Exfoliation
6. Alopecia
7. Bone and joint pain
8. Anorexia
9. Irritability
10. Increased intracranial pressure
11. Hepatic impairment
12. Anaphylactic shock
Contra-indications of Beta Carotene1. Hypervitaminosis A
2. Hypersensitivity to Beta Carotene
Special Precautions while taking Beta Carotene1. Oral form should not use in patients with malabsorption syndrome.
2. In inadequate bile secretion oral route may be used with concurrent administration of bile salts.
3. I. V. route is contraindicated except for special water miscible forms intended for infusion with large parenteral volumes and should not use I. V. push of vitamin A of any type.
Pregnancy Related InformationUse with cautionOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationUse with cautionChildren Related InformationUse with cautionIndications for Beta Carotene1. Vitamin A deficiency
2. Xerophthalmia
3. Acne
4. Ichthyosis
5. Bitot`s spots
6. Night blindness
Interactions for Beta CaroteneCholestyramine: Absorption of Vitamin A is reduced due to reduced availability of fat stabilizing bile salts.
Mineral oil: Interferes with intestinal absorption of Vitamin A.
Oral Contraceptives: Plasma Vitamin A levels are significantly increased.Typical Dosage for Beta CaroteneSevere vitamin A deficiency with xerophthalmia: 500000 IU daily for 3 days followed by 50000 IU daily for 14 days. Then maintenance dosage of 10000 to 20000 IU for 2months followed by adequate dietary nutrition and RDA vitamin A supplements.
Severe vitamin A deficiency: 100000 IU daily for 3 days followed by 50000 IU daily for 14 days. Then maintenance dosage of 10000 to 20000 IU for 2months followed by adequate dietary nutrition and RDA vitamin A supplements.
Children: 5000 to 10000 IU daily for 14 days.
Schedule of Beta CaroteneC1 (Oral)
C (Parenteral)
Storage Requirements for Beta CaroteneStore in a well closed, airtight container in a cool dry place.Effects of Missed Dosage of Beta CaroteneTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of Beta CaroteneDiscontinue the vitamin A if hypercalcaemia persists and administer I.V. saline, prednisolone, and calcitonin if required. Monitor hepatic function tests to detect liver damage. Magnesium Oxide
About Magnesium OxideN/AMechanism of Action of Magnesium OxideThis medication is a mineral supplement used to prevent and treat low amounts of magnesium in the blood. Magnesium is very important for the normal functioning of cells, nerves, muscles, bones, and the heart. Hypomagnesia may be produced by treatment with "water pills" (diuretics such as furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide), a poor diet, alcoholism, or other medical conditions (e.g., severe diarrhea/vomiting, stomach/intestinal absorption problems, poorly controlled diabetes).It is also used to prevent hyperacidity as a gastric acid nutraliser.Pharmacokinets of Magnesium OxideN/AOnset of Action for Magnesium OxideN/ADuration of Action for Magnesium OxideN/AHalf Life of Magnesium OxideN/ASide Effects of Magnesium Oxide1.Stomach upset and diarrhea (Taking this product with a meal helps to reduce these effects)
2.Hypermagnesaemia
3.Paralytic ileus
Contra-indications of Magnesium Oxide1.Hypersensitivity
2.Severe renal impairment
Special Precautions while taking Magnesium Oxide1.Kidney disease.
2.Bowel obstruction
Pregnancy Related InformationUse with cautionOld Age Related InformationMay be usedBreast Feeding Related InformationUse with cautionChildren Related InformationMay be usedIndications for Magnesium Oxide1.Hypomagnesia
2.Hyperacidity
Interactions for Magnesium OxideDrug Interactions May decrease absorption of tetracyclines and bisphosphonates; separate administration of these and other drugs by around 2 hr.Typical Dosage for Magnesium Oxide400-800mg daily at once or in divided.Schedule of Magnesium OxideN/AStorage Requirements for Magnesium OxideN/AEffects of Missed Dosage of Magnesium OxideTake the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the dose you missed and take only the next regularly scheduled dose. Do not take a double dose of this medication.Effects of Overdose of Magnesium Oxide1.Seek emergency medical attention.
2.Symptoms of an magnesium oxide overdose include nausea, vomiting, flushing, low blood pressure, a slow heartbeat, drowsiness, coma, and death.
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