Ampicillin + Cloxacillin Pharmacology

Ampicillin + Cloxacillin

About Ampicillin + Cloxacillin
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Mechanism of Action of Ampicillin + Cloxacillin
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Pharmacokinets of Ampicillin + Cloxacillin
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Onset of Action for Ampicillin + Cloxacillin
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Duration of Action for Ampicillin + Cloxacillin
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Half Life of Ampicillin + Cloxacillin
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Side Effects of Ampicillin + Cloxacillin
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Contra-indications of Ampicillin + Cloxacillin
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Special Precautions while taking Ampicillin + Cloxacillin
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Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
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Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
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Indications for Ampicillin + Cloxacillin
Ampicillin has a narrow spectrum of activity and is mainly active againstGram positive bacilli, both gram positive and Gram negative cocci and spirochaetes. Cloxacillin has a similar spectrum of activity to Penicillin and it is also active against penicillinase producing organisms such as staphylococcus aureus.
1.Respiratory tract infection
2.Urinary tract infection
3.Bone and joint infection
4.Skin infection
5.Soft tissue infection
Interactions for Ampicillin + Cloxacillin
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Typical Dosage for Ampicillin + Cloxacillin
Adult: 250 - 500mg every 6 hours for 7 - 10 days.
Schedule of Ampicillin + Cloxacillin
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Storage Requirements for Ampicillin + Cloxacillin
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Effects of Missed Dosage of Ampicillin + Cloxacillin
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Effects of Overdose of Ampicillin + Cloxacillin
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Ampicillin

About Ampicillin
Semisynthetic Broad spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic, Aminobenzylpenicillin Antibiotic
Mechanism of Action of Ampicillin
Ampicillin is a bactericidal drug. It is a Beta lactum antibiotic. It binds to the Penicillin binding protein in the cell wall of bacteria and inhibits the enzyme transpeptidase which is responsible for the transpeptidation reaction in peptidoglycan synthesis. It also activates the endogenous enzyme which degrades the peptidoglycan.These results in inhibition of protein synthesis and there by cell wall synthesis. Ampicillin is active against both gram positive and gram negative organism.
Pharmacokinets of Ampicillin
Absorption .It is readily but incompletely absorbed after oral administration. Distribution: It is very widely distributed in the body .Metabolism: It does not undergo metabolism. Excretion: It is excreted mainly through bile and small amount excreted through urine and breast milk.
Onset of Action for Ampicillin
30 minutes
Duration of Action for Ampicillin
6 - 8 hours
Half Life of Ampicillin
90 minutes
Side Effects of Ampicillin
1.Nausea
2.Vomiting
3.Diarrhoea
4.Anaphylaxis
5.Rash
6.Urticaria
7.Thrombocytopenia
8.Nephritis
9.Seizure.
Contra-indications of Ampicillin
1.Hypersensitivity to Penicillin
Special Precautions while taking Ampicillin
1.Mononucleosis
2.Lymphatic leukaemia
3.HIV infections
4.Renal impairment
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
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Indications for Ampicillin
1.Urinary tract infections
2.Gonorrhoea
3. Meningitis
4.SABE
5. Respiratory tract infections
6.Septicemia
7.Soft tissue infections
8.Otitis media
9.Sinusitis
10.Tetanus
11.Biliary tract nfections
12.Bronchitis
13.Salmonellosis
14.Typhoid
15.Gastroenteritis
16.Cholecystitis
17.Paratyphoid fever
Interactions for Ampicillin
Oral contraceptives: Efficacy reduced, may cause breakthrough bleeding or pregnancy.
Allopurinol: Increases risk of ampicillin induced skin rash.
Beta blockers: Oral penicillin like ampicillin may reduce bio-availability of atenolol. Also they may potentiate anaphylatic reactions with penicillin.
Probenecid: Increases blood levels.
Erythromycin, Tetracycline: Reduce efficacy.
Clavulinic Acid: Synergy.
Food: Interferes with absorption.
Typical Dosage for Ampicillin
ADULT
Bacterial infections: 250 - 500 mg four times a day depending on the severity of infection
Typhoid and paratyphoid fever: 1 - 2 g four times daily

CHILDREN
Bacterial infections: 125 - 250 mg four times a day depending on the severity of infection
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Schedule of Ampicillin
H
Storage Requirements for Ampicillin
Store the drug at 15 - 30 degree C in a tightly closed container. Keep out of the reach of children
Effects of Missed Dosage of Ampicillin
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed. If it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose and continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Ampicillin
Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. Absorption of the drug can be reduced by administration of activated charcoal.

Cloxacillin

About Cloxacillin
It is a Penicillinase resistant Penicillin, Penicillin derived antibiotic.
Mechanism of Action of Cloxacillin
Cloxacillin is a bactericidal drug. It binds to the Penicillin binding protein in the cell wall of bacteria and inhibits the enzyme transpeptidase which is responsible for the transpeptidation reaction in peptidoglycan synthesis. It also activates the endogenous enzyme which degrades the peptidoglycan.These results in inhibition of protein synthesis and there by cell wall synthesis. In addition to this it is not degraded by penicillinase enzyme and therefore it can be useful against penicillinase producing bacteria also.
Pharmacokinets of Cloxacillin
Absorption .It is readily absorbed after oral administration. Distribution: It is very widely distributed in the body .Metabolism: It does not undergo metabolism. Excretion: It is excreted mainly through urine and small amount excreted through breast milk.
Onset of Action for Cloxacillin
30-60 minutes
Duration of Action for Cloxacillin
About 6 hours
Half Life of Cloxacillin
30 minutes
Side Effects of Cloxacillin
1.Anaphylaxis
2.Rash
3.Urticaria
4.Thrombocytopenia
5.Seizure
Contra-indications of Cloxacillin
Hypersensitive to Cloxacillin or other Penicillins.
Special Precautions while taking Cloxacillin
1.Heart failure
2.Uremia
3.Hypokalemia
4 Bleeding tendencies
5.Meningitis
6.Renal impairment
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
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Indications for Cloxacillin
1.Urinary tract infections
2.Respiratory tract infections
3.Septicaemia
4.Osteomyelitis
5.Endocarditis
6.Pneumonia
7.Sinusitis
8.Bronchiectasis
Interactions for Cloxacillin
Oral contraceptives: Efficacy reduced, may cause breakthrough bleeding or pregnancy.
Atenolol: Bio-availability of atenolol reduced.
Allopurinol: Increases risk of cloxacillin induced skin rash.
Probenecid: Increases blood levels.
Erythromycin & Tetracyclines: Reduce efficacy.
Clavulanic Acid: Synergy.
Food: Interferes with absorption
Typical Dosage for Cloxacillin
ADULT
1 - 2 g daily in four divided dose depending on the severity of infection
CHILDREN
50 - 100 mg/kg/day in four divided dose depending on the severity of infection
Schedule of Cloxacillin
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Storage Requirements for Cloxacillin
The vial should be stored in room temperature away from heat and moisture. Keep out of the reach of children
Effects of Missed Dosage of Cloxacillin
Take the dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time to the next dose then skip the missed dose
Effects of Overdose of Cloxacillin
Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. Absorption of drug can be reduced by gastric lavage or induction of emesis

Home Delivery for Ampicillin + Cloxacillin in Your City

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However, we do publish a comprehensive directory of Pharmacies, Chemists and Druggists in cities all over India. You can use this directory to find the medicine stores in your city (or area) that provide home delivery services for ampicillin + cloxacillin and other medicines and health products. Home delivery services for ampicillin + cloxacillin may be free or they may cost you depending on the pharmacy and the minimum order requirements. It would be best to get this clarified while placing the order.

Please be aware that you should take ampicillin + cloxacillin only if a doctor has recommended or prescribed it. Some or all pharmacies who provide a home delivery service for medicines might insist on a prescription for ampicillin + cloxacillin before they complete the sale. You can get this information while placing the order for ampicillin + cloxacillin with the pharmacy.

Ampicillin + Cloxacillin is a generic medicine name and there are several brands available for it. Some of the brands for ampicillin + cloxacillin might be better known than ampicillin + cloxacillin itself. If the pharmacy that's willing to deliver medicines to your home doesn't have ampicillin + cloxacillin in stock, you can ask for one of the branded alternatives for ampicillin + cloxacillin.