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- Pharmacology For Gatifloxacin + Ketorolac
Gatifloxacin + Ketorolac Pharmacology
Gatifloxacin + Ketorolac
About Gatifloxacin + KetorolacN/AMechanism of Action of Gatifloxacin + KetorolacN/APharmacokinets of Gatifloxacin + KetorolacN/AOnset of Action for Gatifloxacin + KetorolacN/ADuration of Action for Gatifloxacin + KetorolacN/AHalf Life of Gatifloxacin + KetorolacN/ASide Effects of Gatifloxacin + KetorolacN/AContra-indications of Gatifloxacin + KetorolacN/ASpecial Precautions while taking Gatifloxacin + KetorolacN/APregnancy Related InformationContraindicatedOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationContraindicatedChildren Related InformationContraindicated in children younger than 3 years oldIndications for Gatifloxacin + KetorolacRelief of ocular itiching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitisInteractions for Gatifloxacin + KetorolacN/ATypical Dosage for Gatifloxacin + KetorolacN/ASchedule of Gatifloxacin + KetorolacN/AStorage Requirements for Gatifloxacin + KetorolacN/AEffects of Missed Dosage of Gatifloxacin + KetorolacN/AEffects of Overdose of Gatifloxacin + KetorolacN/AGatifloxacin
About GatifloxacinFourth-generation fluoroquinolone, DNA Gyrase Inhibitor,Topoisomerase I Inhibitor, Antibiotic.Mechanism of Action of GatifloxacinGatifloxacin acts by inhibiting the enzyme DNA gyrase (Topoisomerase 2) and Topoisomerase 4.DNA gyrase helps in the formation of a highly condensed three dimensional structure of the DNA by its nicking and closing activity and also by introducing negative supercoil in to the DNA double helix. Gatifloxacin inhibits DNA gyrase which results in abnormal linkage between opened DNA and gyrase and negative supercoiling is impaired. This will inhibits transcription of DNA in to RNA and subsequent protein synthesis in microorganisms.Pharmacokinets of GatifloxacinAbsorption: Gatifloxacin is well absorbed after oral administration. Distribution: It is distributed widely in the body. Metabolism: It undergoes limited metabolism. Excretion: Drug is excreted mainly through urine.Onset of Action for GatifloxacinN/ADuration of Action for GatifloxacinN/AHalf Life of Gatifloxacin8 hourSide Effects of Gatifloxacin1.Nausea
2.Vomiting
3.Diarrhoea
4.Abdominal discomfort
5.Vaginitis
6.Dizziness
7.Headache
Contra-indications of GatifloxacinHypersensitivity to Gatifloxacin and other FluoroquinolonesSpecial Precautions while taking Gatifloxacin1.Hepatic impairment
2.Renal impairment
3.Epilepsy
4.Concomitant use of antiarrhythmic drugs
5.Caution while driving the vehicle or operating machine or involved in any hazardous activities.
6.Avoid long exposure to sunlight.
Pregnancy Related InformationUse with caution
Old Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationContraindicatedChildren Related InformationContraindicated
NEONATES: contraindicatedIndications for Gatifloxacin1.Pneumonia
2.Bronchitis
3.Sinusitis
4.Urinary tract infections
5.Pyelonephritis
6.Skin and skin structure infections
7.Gonorrhoea.
Interactions for GatifloxacinProbenicid : Systemic exposure to gatifloxacin is increased following concomitant administration of gatifloxacin and probenicid.
Ferrous sulphate /Antacid : Systemic exposure is reduced when gatifloxacin is given concomitantly with Ferrous sulphate or with antacids containing aluminium or magnesium salts.
Typical Dosage for GatifloxacinAdults: 400 mg once daily for 1 - 2 week
Dose is determined on the basis of severity of the infection and type of infecting organism
Bronchitis: 400 mg once daily for 5 days
Sinusitis: 400 mg once daily for 10 days
Pneumonia: 400 mg once daily for 1 - 2 week
Skin and skin structure infections, Complicated UTI, Pyelonephritis: 400 mg once daily for 7 - 10 days
Uncomplicated UTI: 200 mg / day for 3 days
Gonorrhoea: 400 mg as a single dose.
Schedule of GatifloxacinHStorage Requirements for GatifloxacinStore at room temperature in a tightly closed container.Effects of Missed Dosage of GatifloxacinTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose.Effects of Overdose of GatifloxacinGive supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. Ketorolac
About KetorolacNSAID, heterocyclic acetic acid derivative, Analgesic,antipyretic,antiinflammatory.Mechanism of Action of KetorolacThis Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drug`s peripheral analgesics action is by the reduction of the prostaglandin synthesis which mediates many of the inflammatory changes and fever at that time. Prostaglandin synthesis is reduced due to its cyclo oxygenase inhibition. At higher concentration it reduce production of super oxide radicals, induce apoptosis, inhibit the expression of adhesion molecules, decrease nitric oxide synthase , reduce pro inflammatory cytokines, modify lymphocyte activity, and alter cellular membrane functions.Pharmacokinets of KetorolacAbsorption-Absorbed rapidly after oral, i.v. and i.m. administration.
Distribution- Widely distributed in the body. 99% bound to the plasma proteins.
Metabolism- It is metabolized in liver by glucucoronidation.
Excretion-90% is excreted through urine and rest in feces. The rate of elimination is reduced in the elderly and in patients with renal failure.
Onset of Action for KetorolacFor I.V. there is rapid onset of action
In the case of I.M. it takes 10 minutes
After oral administration it takes ? to 1 hr
Duration of Action for Ketorolac6 to 8 hrsHalf Life of Ketorolac5 - 7 hrsSide Effects of Ketorolac1. Nausea
2. Drowsiness
3. Dizziness
4. Headache
5. Syncope
6. Transient scalp tingling
7. Orthostatic hypotension
8. Ventricular arrhythmias
9. Nasal stuffiness
10. Broncho spasm
11. Vomiting
12. Diarrhea
13. Muscle spasm
14. Toxic myopathy
15. Dry mouth
16. Ulcer
17. Gastric irritation
18. Oedema
19. Dry mouth
Contra-indications of Ketorolac1. Hypersensitivity to this drug
2. Peptic ulcer
3. As a prophylactic analgesic before surgery; pregnancy and lactation
5. In elderly patient there is usually hepatic or renal dysfunction
6. Coagulation disorder
Special Precautions while taking Ketorolac1. Hepatic dysfunction
2. Renal dysfunction and in to be used with caution
3. GI disease
4. Bleeding disorders
5. Patients with hypersensitivity to other Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs
Pregnancy Related InformationUse with cautionOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationUse with cautionChildren Related InformationUse with cautionIndications for Ketorolac1. It is used to severe and moderate pain frequently in post operative and acute musculoskeletal pain
2. For routine obstetrics analgesia
3. For renal colic, migraine and pain due to bony metastasis
4. Migraine
5. Acute gout
Interactions for KetorolacAnticoagulants: May prolong prothrombin time.
Beta blockers: Antihypertensive effect may be impaired.
Cyclosporine: Nephrotoxicity of both agents may be increased.
Lithium: Serum lithium levels may be increased resulting in toxicity.
Hydantoins: Serum hydantoins levels resulting in increased efficacy and toxic effects.
Methotrexate: Risk of methotrexate toxicity (stomatitis, bone marrow suppression, nephrotoxicity) increased.
Aspirin: Plasma concentration of ketorolac may be decreased and may increase the incidence of GI effects.Typical Dosage for KetorolacFor Injection-
Adults-Initially 60mg i.m. or 30mg i.v. as a single dose, or 30 mg i.m or i.v. every 6 hrs. In the case of renal impaired patient, initially 30mg i.m .or 15mg i.v. as a single doses or multiple doses of 15mg i.m. or i.v.every 6 hrs.
For oral-
Adults- 20mg as a single dose followed by 10mg every 4 to 6 hrs. In the case of renal impaired patients 10mg as a single dose, followed by 10mg every 4 to 6 hrs.
Schedule of KetorolacHStorage Requirements for KetorolacStore at controlled room temperature.Effects of Missed Dosage of KetorolacTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of KetorolacTake more fluids to dilute the over dosage. Give symptomatic and supportive treatment.Home Delivery for Gatifloxacin + Ketorolac in Your City
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Gatifloxacin + Ketorolac is a generic medicine name and there are several brands available for it. Some of the brands for gatifloxacin + ketorolac might be better known than gatifloxacin + ketorolac itself. If the pharmacy that's willing to deliver medicines to your home doesn't have gatifloxacin + ketorolac in stock, you can ask for one of the branded alternatives for gatifloxacin + ketorolac.
