Acarbose + Metformin Pharmacology

Acarbose + Metformin

About Acarbose + Metformin
N/A
Mechanism of Action of Acarbose + Metformin
N/A
Pharmacokinets of Acarbose + Metformin
N/A
Onset of Action for Acarbose + Metformin
N/A
Duration of Action for Acarbose + Metformin
N/A
Half Life of Acarbose + Metformin
N/A
Side Effects of Acarbose + Metformin
N/A
Contra-indications of Acarbose + Metformin
N/A
Special Precautions while taking Acarbose + Metformin
N/A
Pregnancy Related Information
Contraindicated
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated
Children Related Information
Contraindicated
Indications for Acarbose + Metformin
Type II diabetes mellitus
Interactions for Acarbose + Metformin
N/A
Typical Dosage for Acarbose + Metformin
N/A
Schedule of Acarbose + Metformin
N/A
Storage Requirements for Acarbose + Metformin
N/A
Effects of Missed Dosage of Acarbose + Metformin
N/A
Effects of Overdose of Acarbose + Metformin
N/A

Acarbose

About Acarbose
Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor, Antidiabetic Agent.
Mechanism of Action of Acarbose
The drug exerts it`s antihyperglycaemic action by causing reversible competitive inhibition of pancreatic alpha-amylase and membrane bound intestinal alpha-glucosidase hydrolase enzymes; which are the final enzymes in the carbohydrate digestion in the brush border of small intestinal mucosa. It reduces digestion and absorption of polysaccharides and sucrose, lowers HbA1c, body weight and serum triglyceride levels. It delays and reduces glucose absorption and lowers postprandial hyperglycaemia.
Pharmacokinets of Acarbose
Absorption: Less than 2%absorbed orally, Distribution: It acts locally within the gastrointestinal tract, Metabolism: Exclusively metabolized within the gastrointestinal tract mainly by intestinal bacteria and to a little extend by digestive enzymes. Excretion: Excreted mainly through faeces as unabsorbed drug; and the fraction absorbed (less than 2%) is excreted through urine.
Onset of Action for Acarbose
N/A
Duration of Action for Acarbose
2 to 4 hours
Half Life of Acarbose
About 2 hours
Side Effects of Acarbose
1 Flatulence
2.Loose stools
3.Abdominal pain
4.Diarrhoea
5.Elevated serum transaminase levels (rare)

Contra-indications of Acarbose
1 Hypersensitivity to the drug
2.Diabetic ketoacidosis
3.Cirrhosis
4.Ulcerative colitis
5.Partial intestinal obstruction
6.Chronic intestinal diseases
7.Hepatic impairment
8.Severe renal impairment
9.History of abdominal surgery
10.Hernia.
Special Precautions while taking Acarbose
1.Mild to moderate renal impairment
2.Monitor hepatic function tests during therapy
3.Enhance hypoglycaemic effects of sulfonylureas. Give glucose in such situations.
Pregnancy Related Information
Contraindicated.
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated.
Children Related Information
Contraindicated.
Indications for Acarbose
1. Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (as adjunct to diet and exercise)
Interactions for Acarbose
Sucrose: Abdominal discomfort or diarrhoea.
Digestive enzymes (amylase, pancreatin) and intestinal adsorbents (charcoal): Reduce efficacy of acarbose.
Sulphonylureas, biguanides: Acarbose increases their efficacy.
Insulin: In IDDM, insulin requirement is reduced.

Typical Dosage for Acarbose
Oral: Start with 25mg thrice daily with the 1st bite of each main meal. Increased to 50mg thrice daily; at 4 to 8 week intervals based on 1st hour postprandial glucose levels and tolerance. Then increased to 100mg thrice daily if required.
Maintenance dosage: 50mg to 100mg thrice daily; depending up on the patient`s weight.
Maximum dose: 200mg thrice daily.
Schedule of Acarbose
H
Storage Requirements for Acarbose
Store at room temperature below 25 degree C in a well closed container. Protect from moisture. Keep out of reach of children
Effects of Missed Dosage of Acarbose
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Acarbose
Provide symptomatic treatment and supportive measures.

Metformin

About Metformin
Biguanide derivative, Oral anti-diabetic.
Mechanism of Action of Metformin
It is a biguanide which exerts antidiabetic action. The drug suppresses gluconeogenesis in liver and thus suppresses hepatic glucose output. It enhance insulin mediated glucose disposal in muscle and adipose tissue. It enhance GLUT1 (glucose transporter-1) transport from intracellular site to plasma membrane. It also interferes with respiratory chain in mitochondria and promotes peripheral glucose utilization by increasing anaerobic glycolysis. It inhibits intestinal absorption of glucose, other hexose sugars, amino acids and vitamin B12. It also improves lipid profile in type-2 diabetics.
Pharmacokinets of Metformin
Absorption: Absorbed orally and bioavailability is about 50% to60%. Distribution: It is distributed in to erythrocytes, Metabolism: Not metabolized in the body, Excretion: Excreted mainly through urine.
Onset of Action for Metformin
N/A
Duration of Action for Metformin
6 to 8 hours
Half Life of Metformin
1.5 to 3hours
Side Effects of Metformin
1. Abdominal pain
2. Nausea
3. Vomiting
4. Anorexia
5. Metalic taste
6. Mild diarrhea
7. Tiredness
8. Small increase in blood lactate
9. Lactic acidosis (rare)
10. Vitamin B12 deficiency
11. Megaloblastic anaemia
12. Diarrhoea
13. Flatulence
14. Dermatitis
15. Rashes.
Contra-indications of Metformin
1. Hypersensitivity to the drug
2. Renal impairment
3. Hepatic impairment
4. Diabetic ketoacidosis
5. Cardiovascular collapse
6. Hypotensive states
7. Respiratory disease
8. Alcoholics.
Special Precautions while taking Metformin
1. Alcohol intake can precipitate severe lactic acidosis
2. Vitamin B12deficiency
3. In malnourished and deliberate individuals
4. Adrenal insufficiency
5. Pituitary insufficiency.
Pregnancy Related Information
Contraindicated
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated
Children Related Information
Contraindicated
Indications for Metformin
Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (as adjunct to diet and exercise).
Interactions for Metformin
N/A
Typical Dosage for Metformin
Adults: Initial dose: 250mg twice or thrice daily with meals. Increase gradually at 2 week intervals, if required to a maximum of 3g daily.
Children: Not applicable.
Schedule of Metformin
G
Storage Requirements for Metformin
Store at room temperature at a range of 15 to 30 degree C. in a well closed container.Keep out of reach of children.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Metformin
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose
Effects of Overdose of Metformin
Provide supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. Remove accumulated drug from the body by haemodialysis.

Home Delivery for Acarbose + Metformin in Your City

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Acarbose + Metformin is a generic medicine name and there are several brands available for it. Some of the brands for acarbose + metformin might be better known than acarbose + metformin itself. If the pharmacy that's willing to deliver medicines to your home doesn't have acarbose + metformin in stock, you can ask for one of the branded alternatives for acarbose + metformin.