Vit B12 + Zinc Sulphate + Selenium + Lycopene + Calcium Pharmacology

Vit B12 + Zinc Sulphate + Selenium + Lycopene + Calcium

About Vit B12 + Zinc Sulphate + Selenium + Lycopene + Calcium
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Mechanism of Action of Vit B12 + Zinc Sulphate + Selenium + Lycopene + Calcium
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Pharmacokinets of Vit B12 + Zinc Sulphate + Selenium + Lycopene + Calcium
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Onset of Action for Vit B12 + Zinc Sulphate + Selenium + Lycopene + Calcium
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Duration of Action for Vit B12 + Zinc Sulphate + Selenium + Lycopene + Calcium
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Half Life of Vit B12 + Zinc Sulphate + Selenium + Lycopene + Calcium
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Side Effects of Vit B12 + Zinc Sulphate + Selenium + Lycopene + Calcium
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Contra-indications of Vit B12 + Zinc Sulphate + Selenium + Lycopene + Calcium
N/A
Special Precautions while taking Vit B12 + Zinc Sulphate + Selenium + Lycopene + Calcium
N/A
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
May be used
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Indications for Vit B12 + Zinc Sulphate + Selenium + Lycopene + Calcium
1.Nutritional supplement
2.Antioxidant
Interactions for Vit B12 + Zinc Sulphate + Selenium + Lycopene + Calcium
N/A
Typical Dosage for Vit B12 + Zinc Sulphate + Selenium + Lycopene + Calcium
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Schedule of Vit B12 + Zinc Sulphate + Selenium + Lycopene + Calcium
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Storage Requirements for Vit B12 + Zinc Sulphate + Selenium + Lycopene + Calcium
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Effects of Missed Dosage of Vit B12 + Zinc Sulphate + Selenium + Lycopene + Calcium
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Effects of Overdose of Vit B12 + Zinc Sulphate + Selenium + Lycopene + Calcium
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Vit B12

About Vit B12
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Mechanism of Action of Vit B12
Vitamin B12 is an essential constituent for growth, cell reproduction, hematopoiesis, and nucleoprotein and myelin synthesis. Vitamin B12 is converted in to coenzyme B12 in the tissues which is essential for conversion of methyl-malonate to succinate and synthesis of methionine from homocystine. It is also associated with fat and carbohydrate metabolism and protein synthesis. Cells characterized by rapid division such as epithelial cells, bone marrow, and myeloid cells appear to have greatest requirement of Cyanocobalamin.
Pharmacokinets of Vit B12
Absorption: Absorbed irregularly after oral administration and absorption depends on Ca and intrinsic factor. It is also administered subcutaneously and intramuscularly.
Distribution: Distributed in to liver, bone marrow, and other tissues. It crosses the placenta and appears in breast milk.
Metabolism: It is metabolized in liver.
Excretion: In normal dosage it is reabsorbed from bile and a minute portion is excreted through urine but the extra drug is excreted through urine.
Onset of Action for Vit B12
N/A
Duration of Action for Vit B12
N/A
Half Life of Vit B12
N/A
Side Effects of Vit B12
1. Anaphylaxis
2. Anaphylactoid reactions
3. Pain and burning sensation at injection site
4. Itching
5. Urticaria
6. Transient diarrhea
7. Peripheral vascular thrombosis
8. Pulmonary oedema
Contra-indications of Vit B12
1. Hypersensitivity to the drug
2. Leber`s disease
Special Precautions while taking Vit B12
1. Anemic patients with coexisting cardiac, pulmonary and hypertensive diseases.
Pregnancy Related Information
May be used
Old Age Related Information
May be used
Breast Feeding Related Information
May be used
Children Related Information
Use with caution
NEONATES : Use with caution
Indications for Vit B12
1. Vitamin B12 deficiency
2. Pernicious Anaemia
3. Peripheral neuropathy (diabetic, alcoholic, and drug induced)
Interactions for Vit B12
N/A
Typical Dosage for Vit B12
I.M., S.C.:
Pernicious Anaemia: 100mcg daily for 1 week followed by the same dose given on alternate days for 7 doses and then every 3 to 4days for another 3 weeks. This regimen should be followed by 100mcg monthly for life. Concurrently administer folic acid if required.
Vitamin B12 deficiency other than pernicious Anaemia: 30mcg daily for 5 to 10days depending up on the severity of the condition.
Maintenance dosage: 100 to 200mcg once monthly.
Children: 100mcg I.M. or S.C. over the course of 2 or more weeks.
Maintenance dosage: 60mcg monthly I.M. or S.C.
Schilling test flushing dose:
Adults and Children: 1000mcg I.M. in single dose
Recommended RDA (recommended dietary allowance) for Vitamin B12:
Infants up to 6months of age: 0.3mcg.
Children age 6 months to 1 year: 0.5mcg.
Children age 1 to 3: 0.7mcg.
Children age 4 to 6: 1mcg.
Children age 7 to 10: 1.4mcg.
Children age 11 to adult: 2mcg..
Pregnant women: 2.2mcg.
Breast feeding women: 2.6mcg.
Schedule of Vit B12
C
Storage Requirements for Vit B12
Store at room temperature range of 15 to 30 degree C.in a light resistant well closed container in a dry place.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Vit B12
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Vit B12
Not applicable. Even in large doses Vitamin B12 isn`t usually toxic.

Zinc Sulphate

About Zinc Sulphate
Zinc compound, An astringent , Adjunctive treatment of Wilson?s disease.
Mechanism of Action of Zinc Sulphate
N/A
Pharmacokinets of Zinc Sulphate
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Onset of Action for Zinc Sulphate
N/A
Duration of Action for Zinc Sulphate
N/A
Half Life of Zinc Sulphate
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Side Effects of Zinc Sulphate
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Contra-indications of Zinc Sulphate
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Special Precautions while taking Zinc Sulphate
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Pregnancy Related Information
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Old Age Related Information
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Breast Feeding Related Information
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Children Related Information
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Indications for Zinc Sulphate
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Interactions for Zinc Sulphate
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Typical Dosage for Zinc Sulphate
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Schedule of Zinc Sulphate
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Storage Requirements for Zinc Sulphate
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Effects of Missed Dosage of Zinc Sulphate
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Effects of Overdose of Zinc Sulphate
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Selenium

About Selenium
A vital antioxidant, selenium acts with vitamin E to protect the immune system and maintain healthy heart function. It is needed for pancreatic function and tissue elasticity and has been shown to protect against radiation and toxic minerals. High levels of heart disease are associated with selenium-deficient soil in Finland and a tendency to fibrotic heart lesions is associated with selenium deficiency in parts of China. Best sources are butter, Brazil nuts, seafood and grains grown in selenium-rich soil.
Mechanism of Action of Selenium
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Pharmacokinets of Selenium
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Onset of Action for Selenium
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Duration of Action for Selenium
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Half Life of Selenium
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Side Effects of Selenium
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Contra-indications of Selenium
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Special Precautions while taking Selenium
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Pregnancy Related Information
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Old Age Related Information
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Breast Feeding Related Information
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Children Related Information
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Indications for Selenium
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Interactions for Selenium
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Typical Dosage for Selenium
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Schedule of Selenium
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Storage Requirements for Selenium
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Effects of Missed Dosage of Selenium
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Effects of Overdose of Selenium
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Lycopene

About Lycopene
Carotenoid;Terpenes and terpenoids, Dietary antioxidant.
Mechanism of Action of Lycopene
N/A
Pharmacokinets of Lycopene
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Onset of Action for Lycopene
N/A
Duration of Action for Lycopene
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Half Life of Lycopene
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Side Effects of Lycopene
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Contra-indications of Lycopene
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Special Precautions while taking Lycopene
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Pregnancy Related Information
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Old Age Related Information
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Breast Feeding Related Information
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Children Related Information
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Indications for Lycopene
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Interactions for Lycopene
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Typical Dosage for Lycopene
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Schedule of Lycopene
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Storage Requirements for Lycopene
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Effects of Missed Dosage of Lycopene
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Effects of Overdose of Lycopene
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Calcium

About Calcium
Calcium is necessary for cardiac function, muscle contraction, nervous activity, coagulation of blood and for maintaining structural integrity of cell membranes.
Plasma concentration of calcium is kept in normal range by three endocrine factors which control metabolism of calcium. These are (a) Parathyroid hormone, (b) Calcitonin, (c) Vitamin D. Calcium in plasma is bound to albumin, is complexed with anions (e.g. phosphate) and as diffusible ionic calcium. The physiological effects are exerted by ionic calcium. The predominant source of calcium is dairy products and the daily intake varies from 200 - 2500 mg. Adequate calcium intake is particularly important during periods of bone growth in childhood and adolescence and during pregnancy and lactation.
Patients with advanced renal insufficiency exhibit phosphate retention and some degree of hyperphosphataemia. The retention of phosphate plays a pivotal role in causing secondary hyperparathyroidism associated with osteodystrophy and soft tissue calcification. Calcium acetate, when taken with meals, combines with dietary phosphate to form insoluble calcium phosphate which is excreted in the faeces.
Deficiency signs and symptoms: Osteoporosis, pathological fractures, brittle nails and hair.
Mechanism of Action of Calcium
Calcium is essential for maintaining the functional integrity of nervous, muscular, and skeletal system. It controls excitability of nerves and muscles and regulates permeability of cell membrane. It also regulates cell adhesion and maintains integrity of cell membrane. Calcium acts as intracellular messenger for hormones, autacoids, and transmitters. It is required for excitation-contraction coupling in all types of muscle and excitation-secretion coupling in exocrine and endocrine glands. It is essential for release of transmitters from nerve endings and other release reactions. It is also essential for impulse generation in heart and determines level of automaticity and
A-V conduction. Calcium is also required for blood-coagulation.
Pharmacokinets of Calcium
Absorption: Actively absorbed from gastrointestinal tract in an ionized form; and vitamin D in it`s active form is required for calcium absorption, Distribution: Distributed mainly in to skeletal tissue (99%) and 1% is distributed equally between the intracellular and extra cellular fluid. CSF levels are about half of the serum calcium levels, Metabolism: Not significantly metabolized in the body, Excretion: Excreted mainly through faeces and a small amount is excreted through urine.
Onset of Action for Calcium
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Duration of Action for Calcium
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Half Life of Calcium
N/A
Side Effects of Calcium
1.Constipation
2.Bloating
3.Excess gas
4.Anorexia
5.Nausea
6.Vomiting
7.Abdominal pain
8.Thirst
9.Hypercalcaemia
10.Polyuria
11.Dry mouth
12.Delirium
13.Confusion
Contra-indications of Calcium
1.Renal calculi
2.Hypophosphataemia
3.Hypercalcaemia
4.Ventricular fibrillation.
Special Precautions while taking Calcium
1.Renal impairment
2.Cardiac diseases
3.Sarcoidosis
4.Cor pulmonale
5.Respiratory acidosis
6.Respiratory failure
7.End stage renal failure
8.Hypoparathyroid patients
9.Digitalized patients
10.Prolonged use of therapeutic amounts.
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
May be used
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Indications for Calcium
1.Hypocalcaemia
2.Calcium and vitamin D deficiency
3.Calcium deficiency during pregnancy and lactation
4.Rickets
5.Prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women
6.Chronic renal failure.
Interactions for Calcium
N/A
Typical Dosage for Calcium
Oral: 500mg to 2g daily in two to four divided doses.
Hypocalcaemia:
Adults: 1g daily. Increases to 2g daily if required.
Prevention of osteoporosis: 1 to 1.5g daily.
Children: 45 to 65mg/kg daily.
Neonates: 50 to 150mg/kg and should not exceed 1g.

Schedule of Calcium
N/A
Storage Requirements for Calcium
Store in a well closed container in a cool and dry place. Protect from light.


Effects of Missed Dosage of Calcium
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Calcium
Remove calcium from stomach by induced emesis and gastric lavage. Provide symptomatic treatment and supportive measures.

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