Ambroxol + Cetirizine + Phenylephrine + Guaiphenesin + Menthol Pharmacology

Ambroxol + Cetirizine + Phenylephrine + Guaiphenesin + Menthol

About Ambroxol + Cetirizine + Phenylephrine + Guaiphenesin + Menthol
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Mechanism of Action of Ambroxol + Cetirizine + Phenylephrine + Guaiphenesin + Menthol
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Pharmacokinets of Ambroxol + Cetirizine + Phenylephrine + Guaiphenesin + Menthol
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Onset of Action for Ambroxol + Cetirizine + Phenylephrine + Guaiphenesin + Menthol
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Duration of Action for Ambroxol + Cetirizine + Phenylephrine + Guaiphenesin + Menthol
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Half Life of Ambroxol + Cetirizine + Phenylephrine + Guaiphenesin + Menthol
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Side Effects of Ambroxol + Cetirizine + Phenylephrine + Guaiphenesin + Menthol
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Contra-indications of Ambroxol + Cetirizine + Phenylephrine + Guaiphenesin + Menthol
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Special Precautions while taking Ambroxol + Cetirizine + Phenylephrine + Guaiphenesin + Menthol
N/A
Pregnancy Related Information
Contraindicated
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Indications for Ambroxol + Cetirizine + Phenylephrine + Guaiphenesin + Menthol
Cough and cold
Interactions for Ambroxol + Cetirizine + Phenylephrine + Guaiphenesin + Menthol
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Typical Dosage for Ambroxol + Cetirizine + Phenylephrine + Guaiphenesin + Menthol
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Schedule of Ambroxol + Cetirizine + Phenylephrine + Guaiphenesin + Menthol
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Storage Requirements for Ambroxol + Cetirizine + Phenylephrine + Guaiphenesin + Menthol
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Effects of Missed Dosage of Ambroxol + Cetirizine + Phenylephrine + Guaiphenesin + Menthol
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Effects of Overdose of Ambroxol + Cetirizine + Phenylephrine + Guaiphenesin + Menthol
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Ambroxol

About Ambroxol
Active N-desmethyl metabolite of bromhexine,systemically active mucolytic agent, Secretomotoric and expectoration improver.
Mechanism of Action of Ambroxol
Ambroxol hydrochloride acts as an expectoration improver and mucolytic agent. It decreases mucus viscosity by altering its structure. It depolymerises mucopolysaccharides directly as well as by liberating lysosomal enzymes and by breaking network of fibres in tenacious sputum . It induces thin copious bronchial secretion and possesses antioxidant properties.
Pharmacokinets of Ambroxol
N/A
Onset of Action for Ambroxol
N/A
Duration of Action for Ambroxol
N/A
Half Life of Ambroxol
N/A
Side Effects of Ambroxol
1. Rhinorrhoea
2. Lacrimations
3. Allergic reactions
4. Gastric irritation.
Contra-indications of Ambroxol
Hypersensitivity to the Ambroxol hydrochloride or Bromhexine.
Special Precautions while taking Ambroxol
1.Hepatic impairment
2.Renal impairment
3.Gastric and duodenal ulcer
4.Convulsive disorders
Pregnancy Related Information
Contraindicated
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Indications for Ambroxol
1. As Expectorant and mucolytic
2. Conditions associated with production of viscid mucous
3. Bronchitis
4. Pharyngitis
5. Laryngitis
6. Rhinitis
7. Sinusitis
8. Asthmatic bronchitis
9. Mucous bronchiectasis
10. Chronic Pneumonia.
Interactions for Ambroxol
N/A
Typical Dosage for Ambroxol
Oral: 15mg to 30mg three times daily.
Children (6 to 12years): 5ml 2 to 3 times daily
Children (2 to 6years): 2.5ml thrice daily. (5ml liquid contains 30mg Ambroxol hydrochloride)
Children up to 2 years: 7.5mg two times daily
Schedule of Ambroxol
H
Storage Requirements for Ambroxol
Store in a cool dry place and protect from light. Keep out of reach of children.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Ambroxol
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Ambroxol
Provide symptomatic treatment and supportive measures.

Cetirizine

About Cetirizine
Second Generation H1 Antagonist, Metabolite of hydroxyzine, Antihistamine.
Mechanism of Action of Cetirizine
This drug is a selective peripheral H1 receptor antagonist. Thus it inhibits the allergic symptoms produced by histamines like cold, rhinorrhea, sneezing, urticaria etc. The drug has some mast cell stabilizing properties. It also inhibit eotaxin-induced eosinophil TEM through both dermal and lung micro vascular endothelial cells. So inhibit eosinophil chemotaxis and also inflammation caused by it.
Pharmacokinets of Cetirizine
Absorption- Well absorbed after oral administration
Distribution-Widely distributed in the body. 93% bound to the plasma proteins. It enters to the CNS in small amounts.
Metabolism-Metabolized in the liver to its metabolites by oxidative O-dealkylation
Excretion- Excreted through urine (50% as unchanged form) and a small amount through feces
Onset of Action for Cetirizine
10-30 min
Duration of Action for Cetirizine
12-24hrs
Half Life of Cetirizine
Its plasma half life is 8.3 hrs
Side Effects of Cetirizine
1. Somnolence.
2. Fatigue
3. Malaise
4. Headache
5. Dry mouth
6. CNS stimulation in children
7. Dizziness
8. Tinnitus
9. Incordination
10. Blurred vision
12. Diplopia
13. Euphoria
14. Nervousness
15. Drowsiness
16. Excessive tiredness
17. Vomiting
18. Diarrhea
19. Sore throat
20. Stomach pain
Contra-indications of Cetirizine
Hypersensitivity to the drug or hydroxyzine.
Special Precautions while taking Cetirizine
1. Renal impairment.
2. Hepatic dysfunction.
3. Haemodialysis.
4. Any work which require mental alertness like driving or machine operation.
Pregnancy Related Information
Contraindicated
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Indications for Cetirizine
1. Sneezing
2. Rhinorrhoea
3. Postnasal discharge.
4. Common coughs
5. Colds.
6. Chronic urticaria
7. Dermatitis
8. Pruritic skin disorders
9. Hay fever
10. Angioedema
Interactions for Cetirizine
Alcohol: Avoid excessive alcohol consumption.
Typical Dosage for Cetirizine
Oral-
Adult - 10 mg daily, single dose
Children (6-12 years) -5 mg daily.
Schedule of Cetirizine
N/A
Storage Requirements for Cetirizine
Store in cool, dry, dark place
Effects of Missed Dosage of Cetirizine
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Cetirizine
Give symptomatic and supportive treatment.

Phenylephrine

About Phenylephrine
An a1-adrenergic receptor agonist, Phenethylamine derivative, Decongestant, Antiglaucoma, Mydriatic.
Mechanism of Action of Phenylephrine
The drug exerts it`s pharmacological action by acting as a selective alpha-1 adrenergic agonist. It causes vasoconstriction and increases total peripheral resistance and raises blood pressure. It reduces intraocular tension by constricting ciliary body blood vessels and produce mydriasis (without cycloplegia). It exerts nasal decongestant action; by vasoconstrictory action on arterioles of nasal mucosa. It prolongs and localizes the action of anaesthetics due to it`s vasoconstrictory action on skin, mucous membrane, and viscera and thus slows the rate of absorption of local anaesthetics.
Pharmacokinets of Phenylephrine
Absorption: Variable depending up on the route of administration. Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver and intestine.
Onset of Action for Phenylephrine
Nasal: Rapid
Ophthalmic: Rapid
I.V.: Rapid
I.M.: Within 15 minutes
Duration of Action for Phenylephrine
Nasal: ? to 4 hours
Ophthalmic: 3 to 7 hours
I.V.: 15 to 20 minutes
I.M.: ? to 2 hours.


Half Life of Phenylephrine
N/A
Side Effects of Phenylephrine
1.Bradycardia
2.Arrhythmias
3.Hypertension
4.Tachycardia
5.Palpitations
6.Premature ventricular contractions
7.Pallor
8.Headache
9.Dizziness
10.Nervousness
11.Brow ache(with ophthalmic form)
12.Burning or stinging in eye
13.Blurred vision
14.Elevated intraocular pressure
15.Nausea
16.Episodes of asthma
17.Tachyphylaxis
18.Anaphylaxis


Contra-indications of Phenylephrine
1.Hypersensitivity to the drug
2.Hyperthyroidism
3.Ventricular tachycardia and severe hypertension (Injected form)
4.Angle closure glaucoma and in those who wear soft contact lenses(ophthalmic form)
Special Precautions while taking Phenylephrine
1.Coronary diseases
2.Advanced arteriosclerosis
3.Bradycardia
4.Partial heart block
5.Myocardial diseases
6.Atherosclerosis
7.Hypertension
8.Nasal and ophthalmic form use cautiously in type-1 diabetes mellitus

Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Below age 6:contraindicated
Indications for Phenylephrine
1.Hypotension
2.Paroxysmal supra ventricular tachycardia
3.Maintain blood pressure during spinal and inhalation anaesthesia
4.Prolongation of spinal anaesthesia
5.Shock
6.Mydriasis(without cycloplegia)
7.Nasal congestion.
8.Cataract

Interactions for Phenylephrine
May interact with systemically administered MAOIs.
Typical Dosage for Phenylephrine
I.M. or S.C.: 2 to 5mg. Then if required; give doses up to 10mg.
Slow I.V. injection: 0.1 to 0.5mg. Then if required; repeat after 15 minutes.
I.V. infusion: Starts with 0.18mg/minute. Then adjust the dosage up to 0.03 to 0.06mg/minute based on patient`s response.
Nasal congestion: Apply 2 to 3 drops or 1 to 2 sprays of 0.25% to 1% solution instilled in each nostril.
Mydriasis (without cycloplegia): Instill 1 to 2drops 2.5% or 10% solution in eye. Repeated if required.
Prolongation of spinal anaesthesia: 2 to 5mg added to anaesthetic solution.
Schedule of Phenylephrine
N/A
Storage Requirements for Phenylephrine
Store at controlled room temperature at range of 15 to 30 degree C. in a well closed container. Protect from light.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Phenylephrine
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Phenylephrine
Discontinue the drug and give supportive and symptomatic treatment. Closely monitor vital signs. Use atropine sulfate to block reflex Bradycardia. Treat excessive hypertension with phentolamine. Treat cardiac arrhythmia with propranolol. Treat excessive mydriatic effect with levodopa.

Guaiphenesin

About Guaiphenesin
Propanediol derivative, Expectorant.
Mechanism of Action of Guaiphenesin
Guaiphenesin is an expectorant which after absorption from the gastrointestinal tract secreted by tracheobronchial glands and directly increase bronchial secretion and mucosal ciliary action. It increases respiratory tract fluid by reducing adhesiveness and surface tension, reducing viscosity of the secretions and there by facilitating their removal and clears chest congestion.
Action in local vaginal preparations: Guaiphenesin helps to thin the thick or sticky cervical mucus.

Pharmacokinets of Guaiphenesin
Absorption: Well absorbed orally.Distribution: It is secreted by the tracheobronchial glands.
Metabolism: It is metabolized primarily to Beta-2-methoxyphenoxy-lactic acid. Excretion: It is excreted in the urine.
Onset of Action for Guaiphenesin
N/A
Duration of Action for Guaiphenesin
N/A
Half Life of Guaiphenesin
60 minutes
Side Effects of Guaiphenesin
1. Headache
2. Dizziness
3. Nausea
4. Vomiting
5. Rash
6. Diarrhoea
7. Drowsiness
8. Stomach pain
Contra-indications of Guaiphenesin
1. Hypersensitivity to the drug
2. Chronic or persistent cough associated with chronic lower respiratory tract diseases
3. Asthma
4. Bronchitis
5. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
6. Emphysema
Special Precautions while taking Guaiphenesin
1. Porphyria
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated
Children Related Information
May be used
Indications for Guaiphenesin
1. Expectorant
2. Thick or sticky cervical mucus
Interactions for Guaiphenesin
N/A
Typical Dosage for Guaiphenesin
Oral :
Adults and children over 12 years: 100 to 400mg up to 6 times daily as required.Maximum dose: 2.4g/day
Children (age 6 to 11): 100 to 200mg up to 6 times daily as required.Maximum dose: 1.2g/day
Children (age 2 to 5): 50 to 100mg up to 6 times daily as required.Maximum dose: 600mg/day
Extended release:
Adults and children over 12 years: 600 to 1200mg twice daily. Not to exceed 2.4g in 24 hours
Children (age 6 to 12): 600mg twice daily. Not to exceed 1.2g in 24 hours
Children (age 2 to 6): 300mg twice daily. Not to exceed 600mg in 24 hours
Thick or sticky cervical mucus: 200mg 2 to 3 times daily from 4 days prior to ovulation and continue through ovulation day.
Schedule of Guaiphenesin
N/A
Storage Requirements for Guaiphenesin
Store at a temperature below 30 degree C. Keep out of reach of children.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Guaiphenesin
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Guaiphenesin
Provide symptomatic treatment and supportive measures.

Menthol

About Menthol
Terpenes and terpenoid, Antipruritic, decongestant, topical analgesic.
Mechanism of Action of Menthol
Menthol acts as a local anesthetic on the respiratory passageways and causing cough suppression. When Menthol is rubbed on the skin, it acts as a rubefacient and causes localized vasodilatation; which gives feelings of comfort and warmth. When applied gently on the skin, it acts as an anti-pruritic agent and creates a feeling of coolness, and mild local anaesthetic effect relieves itching. It has good soothing effect and acts as a demulcent. It also acts as a carminative.
Pharmacokinets of Menthol
N/A
Onset of Action for Menthol
N/A
Duration of Action for Menthol
N/A
Half Life of Menthol
N/A
Side Effects of Menthol
1.Irritation
2.Anxiety
3.Excitement
4.Delirium
5.Colic
6.Nausea
7.Vomiting
8.Diarrhoea
9.Convulsions
10.Apnoea
11.Asystole
12.Contact dermatitis
13.Allergic reactions
Contra-indications of Menthol
1. Hypersensitivity to the drug
2.Should not applies to broken, injured, or burned skin
Special Precautions while taking Menthol
1.Should not apply Menthol directly in to or near the nostrils of small children or asthma patients
2.Prolonged use
3.Seizures
4.Should not take steam inhalation orally
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Use with caution
below 2 years: Contraindicated
Indications for Menthol
1. Rubefacient.
2.Ingredient in cough preparations
3.Antipruritic
4. Ingredient in ointment or liniment to treat sprains; joint and muscle pain
5.Sore throat
6.Cold sores
7.Hay fever
8.As an inhalant to relieve nasal, bronchial, or upper respiratory congestion
9.Sinusitis
10.Bronchial cough
11.Pharyngeal inflammation
Interactions for Menthol
N/A
Typical Dosage for Menthol
Dosage individualized based on requirements of the patient.
Lozenges: Dissolve lozenge (5%-10% menthol) slowly in the mouth hourly as needed by the patients.
Topical: Rubbed on the throat and chest in a layer loosely covered with a warm dry cloth; up to thrice daily.
In vaporizer: Menthol (3.2%) in a hot steam vaporizer can be used by adding 1 tbsp of solution for each quart of cold water, or 1tsp of solution for each pint, up to thrice daily
Schedule of Menthol
N/A
Storage Requirements for Menthol
Store at a cool dry place in a well closed container. Protect from light and heat. Keep out of reach of children.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Menthol
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Menthol
Provide symptomatic treatment and supportive measures.

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Ambroxol + Cetirizine + Phenylephrine + Guaiphenesin + Menthol is a generic medicine name and there are several brands available for it. Some of the brands for ambroxol + cetirizine + phenylephrine + guaiphenesin + menthol might be better known than ambroxol + cetirizine + phenylephrine + guaiphenesin + menthol itself. If the pharmacy that's willing to deliver medicines to your home doesn't have ambroxol + cetirizine + phenylephrine + guaiphenesin + menthol in stock, you can ask for one of the branded alternatives for ambroxol + cetirizine + phenylephrine + guaiphenesin + menthol.