Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + Levocetirizine Pharmacology

Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + Levocetirizine

About Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + Levocetirizine
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Mechanism of Action of Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + Levocetirizine
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Pharmacokinets of Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + Levocetirizine
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Onset of Action for Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + Levocetirizine
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Duration of Action for Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + Levocetirizine
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Half Life of Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + Levocetirizine
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Side Effects of Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + Levocetirizine
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Contra-indications of Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + Levocetirizine
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Special Precautions while taking Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + Levocetirizine
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Pregnancy Related Information
Contraindicated
Old Age Related Information
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Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated
Children Related Information
N/A
Indications for Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + Levocetirizine
Cough and cold
Interactions for Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + Levocetirizine
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Typical Dosage for Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + Levocetirizine
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Schedule of Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + Levocetirizine
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Storage Requirements for Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + Levocetirizine
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Effects of Missed Dosage of Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + Levocetirizine
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Effects of Overdose of Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + Levocetirizine
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Paracetamol

About Paracetamol
Acetanilide derivative, Non narcotic Analgesic,Antipyretic.
Mechanism of Action of Paracetamol
Paracetamol has analgesic and antipyretic action.
It is more active on cyclo-oxygenase enzyme in brain. Peripherally it is a poor inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis.
Analgesic action: Paracetamol raises the pain threshold and produces analgesic effect.
Antipyretic action: Paracetamol lowers fever by direct action on the thermoregulatory centre in the Hypothalamus and block the effects of endogenous pyrogen.
Pharmacokinets of Paracetamol
Absorption: Paracetamol is rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration.
Distribution: It is distributed mostly in the body in unbound form.
Metabolism: It is extensively metabolised in the liver.
Excretion: Excreted in the urine.
Onset of Action for Paracetamol
30 - 60 minutes
Duration of Action for Paracetamol
6 hours
Half Life of Paracetamol
1-4 hours
Side Effects of Paracetamol
1. Nausea
2. Abdominal distress
3. Allergic reactions
4. Rash
Contra-indications of Paracetamol
1. Hypersensitivity to Paracetamol
Special Precautions while taking Paracetamol
1. Hepatic impairment
2. Renal impairment
3. Hypertension
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Use with caution
NEONATES : Contraindicated
Indications for Paracetamol
1. To relieve pain and fever
2. Acute gout
3. Migraine
Interactions for Paracetamol
Cholestyramine: Reduces absorption of paracetamol.
Charcoal: Activated, administered immediately reduces absorption of paracetamol.
Domperidone and metochlopramide: Enhance absorption of paracetamol.
Alcohol: Chronic excessive ingestion of alcohol potentiates hepatotoxicity of paracetamol.
Zidovudine: Effects zidovudine may be decreased.
Typical Dosage for Paracetamol
Adult:
500 - 1000 mg in 3 times daily
Maximum dose: 4 g / day
For migraine: 500 mg to be taken at the first sign of migraine attack and repeated 4 - 6 hourly until suppress mild attacks.
Children:
60 mg / kg body weight /day in 4 divided doses.
Schedule of Paracetamol
H
Storage Requirements for Paracetamol
Store at 15-30 degree C in a tightly closed container. Protect from heat and moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Paracetamol
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Paracetamol
Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. Drug can be removed from the body by gastric lavage or by inducing emesis. Absorption of the drug can be reduced by administration of activated charcoal. N-acetylcysteine is the specific antidote for Paracetamol poisoning. Dose: 150 mg /kg body weight as IV infusion over 15 minutes followed by same dose over 20 hours.
Maintenance dose: 75 mg / kg orally every 4 - 6 hours for 2 - 3 days. Haemodialysis can be done in emergency conditions.

Phenylephrine

About Phenylephrine
An a1-adrenergic receptor agonist, Phenethylamine derivative, Decongestant, Antiglaucoma, Mydriatic.
Mechanism of Action of Phenylephrine
The drug exerts it`s pharmacological action by acting as a selective alpha-1 adrenergic agonist. It causes vasoconstriction and increases total peripheral resistance and raises blood pressure. It reduces intraocular tension by constricting ciliary body blood vessels and produce mydriasis (without cycloplegia). It exerts nasal decongestant action; by vasoconstrictory action on arterioles of nasal mucosa. It prolongs and localizes the action of anaesthetics due to it`s vasoconstrictory action on skin, mucous membrane, and viscera and thus slows the rate of absorption of local anaesthetics.
Pharmacokinets of Phenylephrine
Absorption: Variable depending up on the route of administration. Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver and intestine.
Onset of Action for Phenylephrine
Nasal: Rapid
Ophthalmic: Rapid
I.V.: Rapid
I.M.: Within 15 minutes
Duration of Action for Phenylephrine
Nasal: ? to 4 hours
Ophthalmic: 3 to 7 hours
I.V.: 15 to 20 minutes
I.M.: ? to 2 hours.


Half Life of Phenylephrine
N/A
Side Effects of Phenylephrine
1.Bradycardia
2.Arrhythmias
3.Hypertension
4.Tachycardia
5.Palpitations
6.Premature ventricular contractions
7.Pallor
8.Headache
9.Dizziness
10.Nervousness
11.Brow ache(with ophthalmic form)
12.Burning or stinging in eye
13.Blurred vision
14.Elevated intraocular pressure
15.Nausea
16.Episodes of asthma
17.Tachyphylaxis
18.Anaphylaxis


Contra-indications of Phenylephrine
1.Hypersensitivity to the drug
2.Hyperthyroidism
3.Ventricular tachycardia and severe hypertension (Injected form)
4.Angle closure glaucoma and in those who wear soft contact lenses(ophthalmic form)
Special Precautions while taking Phenylephrine
1.Coronary diseases
2.Advanced arteriosclerosis
3.Bradycardia
4.Partial heart block
5.Myocardial diseases
6.Atherosclerosis
7.Hypertension
8.Nasal and ophthalmic form use cautiously in type-1 diabetes mellitus

Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Below age 6:contraindicated
Indications for Phenylephrine
1.Hypotension
2.Paroxysmal supra ventricular tachycardia
3.Maintain blood pressure during spinal and inhalation anaesthesia
4.Prolongation of spinal anaesthesia
5.Shock
6.Mydriasis(without cycloplegia)
7.Nasal congestion.
8.Cataract

Interactions for Phenylephrine
May interact with systemically administered MAOIs.
Typical Dosage for Phenylephrine
I.M. or S.C.: 2 to 5mg. Then if required; give doses up to 10mg.
Slow I.V. injection: 0.1 to 0.5mg. Then if required; repeat after 15 minutes.
I.V. infusion: Starts with 0.18mg/minute. Then adjust the dosage up to 0.03 to 0.06mg/minute based on patient`s response.
Nasal congestion: Apply 2 to 3 drops or 1 to 2 sprays of 0.25% to 1% solution instilled in each nostril.
Mydriasis (without cycloplegia): Instill 1 to 2drops 2.5% or 10% solution in eye. Repeated if required.
Prolongation of spinal anaesthesia: 2 to 5mg added to anaesthetic solution.
Schedule of Phenylephrine
N/A
Storage Requirements for Phenylephrine
Store at controlled room temperature at range of 15 to 30 degree C. in a well closed container. Protect from light.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Phenylephrine
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Phenylephrine
Discontinue the drug and give supportive and symptomatic treatment. Closely monitor vital signs. Use atropine sulfate to block reflex Bradycardia. Treat excessive hypertension with phentolamine. Treat cardiac arrhythmia with propranolol. Treat excessive mydriatic effect with levodopa.

Caffeine

About Caffeine
Xanthine alkaloid, Central stimulant and metabolic stimulant.
Mechanism of Action of Caffeine
Because caffeine is both water-soluble and lipid-soluble, it readily crosses the blood?brain barrier .Caffeine stimulates medullary, vagal, vasomotor, and respiratory centers, promoting bradycardia, vasoconstriction, and increased respiratory rate. Xanthines such as caffeine act as antagonists at adenosine-receptors within the plasma membrane of virtually every cell. As adenosine acts as an autocoid, inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters from presynaptic sites but augmenting the actions of norepinephrine or angiotensin, antagonism of adenosine receptors promotes neurotransmitter release. This explains the stimulatory effects of caffeine. Blockade of the adenosine A1 receptor in the heart leads to the accelerated, pronounced "pounding" of the heart upon caffeine intake.
Pharmacokinets of Caffeine
1.Absorption:Readily absorbed after oral or parenteral administration, C max is 5 to 25 mcg/mL; T max is 15 to 120 min.
2.Distribution:Widely distributed,Protein binding Low (25 to 36%).
3.Metabolism:Hepatic cytochrome P450 1A2
4.Elimination: Renal;In young infants, the elimination of caffeine is much slower than that in adults due to immature hepatic and/or renal function.
Onset of Action for Caffeine
N/A
Duration of Action for Caffeine
N/A
Half Life of Caffeine
3 to 7 hours in adults, 65 to 130 hours in neonates
Side Effects of Caffeine
1.Insomnia
2.Nervousness or anxiety
3.Irritability
4.Nausea
5.Headache
Contra-indications of Caffeine
1.Hyper sensitivity
2.Caffeine and sodium benzoate solution in pediatrics.
Special Precautions while taking Caffeine
1.Heart disease
2.Kidney disease
3.Liver disease
4.Stomach problems (e.g., peptic ulcers, necrotizing enterocolitis)
5.Seizures.
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
May be used
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Not recommended uder 12years of age
Indications for Caffeine
1.Orthostatic hypotension
2.Short term treatment of apnea of prematurity in infants
3.Fatigue and drowsiness
4.Analgesia
5.Respiratory depression.
Interactions for Caffeine
1.Aspirin, clozapine, theophylline :Plasma levels of these agents may be elevated by caffeine, increasing their pharmacologic effects and adverse reactions.
2.Cimetidine, disulfiram, fluoroquinolones, mexiletine, oral contraceptives :May increase caffeine levels, enhancing the effects.
3.Lithium :Plasma levels may be reduced by caffeine, decreasing the pharmacologic effect.
4.Phenytoin, smoking :May decrease caffeine levels.
Typical Dosage for Caffeine
1.Fatigue/Drowsiness :Oral:100 to 200 mg every 3 to 4 h as needed.
2.Apnea of Prematurity
Preterm infants Loading dose: (caffeine citrate) IV 20 mg/kg (1?mL/kg) over 30 min once.
Maintenance dose: (caffeine citrate) IV (over 10?min) or PO 5 mg/kg (0.25 mL/kg) every 24?h.

Schedule of Caffeine
N/A
Storage Requirements for Caffeine
Store caffeine at room temperature, between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C), in a tightly closed container. Store away from heat, moisture, and light.

Effects of Missed Dosage of Caffeine
N/A
Effects of Overdose of Caffeine
1.Get immediate medical attention
2.Symptoms of overdose may include agitation; anxiety; confusion; frequent urination; irregular or fast heartbeat; muscle twitching; ringing in the ears; seizures; stomach pain; trouble sleeping.

Levocetirizine

About Levocetirizine
A third-generation non-sedative H1 antagonist, Antihistamine.
Mechanism of Action of Levocetirizine
This active enantiomer of cetrizine is a potent, nonsedative and selective H1 receptor antagonist. It antagonizes the allergic symptoms produced by histamines like runny nose, cold, cough etc. It also inhibit eotaxin-induced eosinophil TEM through both dermal and lung micro vascular endothelial cells. So inhibit eosinophil chemotaxis and also inflammation caused by it.
Pharmacokinets of Levocetirizine
Absorption- Well absorbed after oral administration.
Distribution-Widely distributed in the body.90% bound to the plasma proteins.
Metabolism- Metabolized in the liver to its metabolites.
Excretion- Excreted via urine and feces.
Onset of Action for Levocetirizine
N/A
Duration of Action for Levocetirizine
N/A
Half Life of Levocetirizine
Its plasma half life is 6-10hrs
Side Effects of Levocetirizine
1. Headache
2. Abdominal pain
3. Dry mouth
4. Fatigue
5. Pharyngitis
6. Sleepiness
7. Asthenia
8. Rhinitis causing a blocked or runny nose
9. Migraine

Contra-indications of Levocetirizine
1. Allergy to drug or other medicines that contain piperazine derivatives
2. Hereditary galactose intolerance
3. Hereditary Lapp lactase deficiency
4. Inherited glucose-galactose malabsorption
5. Severely decreased kidney function
Special Precautions while taking Levocetirizine
1. Decreased kidney function
2. Avoid alcohol or any work which require mental alertness like driving and machine operation during treatment.


Pregnancy Related Information
Contraindicated
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Indications for Levocetirizine
1. Rhinitis (seasonal and perennial)
2. Idiopathic urticaria
Interactions for Levocetirizine
Coadministration with alcohol or other CNS depressants may have additional CNS depressant effect.
Typical Dosage for Levocetirizine
Oral-
Adult-5mg/day.
Children (>6yrs) - 5mg/day.
Schedule of Levocetirizine
N/A
Storage Requirements for Levocetirizine
Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct light and heat.
Keep out of reach of children.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Levocetirizine
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Levocetirizine
Give symptomatic and supportive treatment.

Home Delivery for Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + Levocetirizine in Your City

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Paracetamol + Phenylephrine + Caffeine + Levocetirizine is a generic medicine name and there are several brands available for it. Some of the brands for paracetamol + phenylephrine + caffeine + levocetirizine might be better known than paracetamol + phenylephrine + caffeine + levocetirizine itself. If the pharmacy that's willing to deliver medicines to your home doesn't have paracetamol + phenylephrine + caffeine + levocetirizine in stock, you can ask for one of the branded alternatives for paracetamol + phenylephrine + caffeine + levocetirizine.