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- Pharmacology For Chromium + N-Acetylcysteine + Alfacalcidol + Biotin
Chromium + N-Acetylcysteine + Alfacalcidol + Biotin Pharmacology
Chromium + N-Acetylcysteine + Alfacalcidol + Biotin
About Chromium + N-Acetylcysteine + Alfacalcidol + BiotinN/AMechanism of Action of Chromium + N-Acetylcysteine + Alfacalcidol + BiotinChromium picolinate - Active ingredient of Glucose Tolerance Factor
N-Acetyl cysteine - Versatile antioxidant and insulin sensitizer
Alfacaldicol - Beta cell nutrient
Biotin - Co-factor in glucose metabolism
Pharmacokinets of Chromium + N-Acetylcysteine + Alfacalcidol + BiotinN/AOnset of Action for Chromium + N-Acetylcysteine + Alfacalcidol + BiotinN/ADuration of Action for Chromium + N-Acetylcysteine + Alfacalcidol + BiotinN/AHalf Life of Chromium + N-Acetylcysteine + Alfacalcidol + BiotinN/ASide Effects of Chromium + N-Acetylcysteine + Alfacalcidol + BiotinN/AContra-indications of Chromium + N-Acetylcysteine + Alfacalcidol + BiotinN/ASpecial Precautions while taking Chromium + N-Acetylcysteine + Alfacalcidol + BiotinN/APregnancy Related InformationUse with cautionOld Age Related InformationMay be usedBreast Feeding Related InformationUse with cautionChildren Related InformationN/AIndications for Chromium + N-Acetylcysteine + Alfacalcidol + Biotin1.Management of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
2.Nutritional supplement
Interactions for Chromium + N-Acetylcysteine + Alfacalcidol + BiotinN/ATypical Dosage for Chromium + N-Acetylcysteine + Alfacalcidol + BiotinAs directed by the Physician.Schedule of Chromium + N-Acetylcysteine + Alfacalcidol + BiotinN/AStorage Requirements for Chromium + N-Acetylcysteine + Alfacalcidol + BiotinN/AEffects of Missed Dosage of Chromium + N-Acetylcysteine + Alfacalcidol + BiotinN/AEffects of Overdose of Chromium + N-Acetylcysteine + Alfacalcidol + BiotinN/AChromium
About ChromiumChromium is by far the most pivotal nutrient involved in sugar metabolism. Trivalent chromium is a part of glucose tolerance factor, an essential activator of insulin mediated reactions. Chromium improves insulin binding, insulin receptor number, insulin internalization, beta cell sensitivity and insulin receptor enzymes with overall increases in insulin sensitivity. Thus it helps to maintain normal glucose metabolism and peripheral nerve function. A number of clinical studies have been conducted which show that chromium is an effective therapy for both Type I and Type II diabetes. Except for supplementation, there is no good way to rebuild the body?s stockpile of chromium.
Deficiency symptoms: Impaired glucose tolerance, peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, confusion.
Over dosage symptoms: In normal therapeutic doses side effects have not been reported except occasional insomnia. In the event of over dosage - nausea, vomiting, GI ulcers, renal/hepatic damage, convulsion, coma may occur.
Mechanism of Action of ChromiumChromium picolinate acts by influencing carbohydrate metabolism. It stimulates Insulin mediated reactions and improves glucose tolerance. Chromium picolinate helps to improve; insulin binding, insulin receptor number, insulin internalization, beta cell sensitivity and insulin receptor enzymes with overall increase in insulin sensitivity. Thus it maintains normal glucose metabolism and peripheral nerve functions. It improves carbohydrate metabolism, increases energy and helps to control diabetes. It also helps to control weight.Pharmacokinets of ChromiumAbsorption: Well absorbed orally, Distribution: Widely distributed in the body in especially in to liver, kidney, bone, and spleen; normal plasma level is 1 to 5mcg/l. Excretion: Excreted mainly through urine.Onset of Action for ChromiumN/ADuration of Action for ChromiumN/AHalf Life of ChromiumN/ASide Effects of ChromiumN/AContra-indications of Chromium1. Hypersensitivity to the drug.Special Precautions while taking Chromium1. Prolonged therapy with the drug
2.Hypoglycaemia
3.In patients with Type II diabetes mellitus use of chromium picolinate is only under the direct medical supervision
4.Renal impairment
5.Hepatic impairment
Pregnancy Related InformationUse with cautionOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationUse with cautionChildren Related InformationN/AIndications for Chromium1.Type I diabetes mellitus
2.Type II diabetes mellitus
3.Obesity.
Interactions for ChromiumN/ATypical Dosage for Chromium Oral: 200 mcg daily; increases up to 1mg daily if required.Schedule of ChromiumN/AStorage Requirements for ChromiumStore in a well closed container at a cool dry place.Effects of Missed Dosage of ChromiumTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of ChromiumGive supportive measures and symptomatic treatment.N-acetylcysteine
About N-acetylcysteineSulphur containing Amino acid derivative, A mucolytic agent and paracetamol (acetaminophen) Antidote.Mechanism of Action of N-acetylcysteineN-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) is a metabolite of the sulfur-containing amino acid; Cysteine plays a role in the sulfation cycle, acting as a sulfur donor in phase II detoxification and as a methyl donor in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine. Cysteine also helps synthesize glutathione, one of the body`s most important natural antioxidants and detoxifiers.
N-Acetyl Cysteine increases Glutathione Levels
N-Acetyl Cysteine is rapidly metabolized to intracellular glutathione. Glutathione acts as a powerful antioxidant in the body. Glutathione also detoxifies chemicals into less harmful compounds. N-Acetyl Cysteine also protects the body from acetaminophen toxicity and is used in hospitals for patients with acetaminophen poisoning. It has also been shown to be effective at treating liver failure from other causes as well.
N-Acetyl Cysteine chelates Heavy Metals
Heavy metals like lead, mercury and arsenic are detoxified and removed from the body by N-Acetyl Cysteine. It also increases the excretion of zinc and other essential minerals when taken over an extended period. It is therefore necessary to supplement zinc, copper and other trace minerals when taking N-Acetyl Cysteine
N-Acetyl Cysteine and the Immune System
Glutathione is known to aid in the transport of nutrients to lymphocytes and phagocytes, two major classes of immune cells, and to protect cell membranes. While purified glutathione is available as a dietary supplement, absorption is low, and N-Acetyl Cysteine is thought to be a better method of boosting cellular glutathione levels. N-Acetyl Cysteine is being investigated as a treatment for AIDS.
N-Acetyl Cysteine Breaks up Mucus
N-Acetyl Cysteine cleaves disulfide bonds by converting them to two sulfhydryl groups. This result in the breakup of mucoproteins in lung mucus and reduces their chain lengths and thinning the mucus, improving conditions such as bronchitis and flu.
N-Acetyl Cysteine and Cancer
N-Acetyl Cysteine has been shown to reduce the proliferation of certain cells lining the colon and may reduce the risk of colon cancer in people with recurrent polyps in the colon. Its action as an antioxidant and a glutathione precursor may also contribute to a protective effect against cancer.
Pharmacokinets of N-acetylcysteineAbsorption: N-acetyl Cysteine is well absorbed orally.
Distribution: It is widely distributed in the body both in bound and unbound form.
Metabolism: It is metabolised in the liver.
Excretion: Drug and its metabolites are excreted mainly in the urine.
Onset of Action for N-acetylcysteineN/ADuration of Action for N-acetylcysteineN/AHalf Life of N-acetylcysteineN/ASide Effects of N-acetylcysteine1. Rhinorrhoea
2. Nausea
3. Stomatitis
4. Vomiting
5. Hypotension
6. Hypertension
7. Tachycardia
8. Fever
9. Chest tightness
10. Drowsiness
11. Bronchoconstriction
12. Rashes
Contra-indications of N-acetylcysteine1. Hypersensitivity to N-Acetyl CysteineSpecial Precautions while taking N-acetylcysteine1. Severe respiratory insufficiency
2. Asthma
3. Peptic ulcer
4. Avoid use of nebulisers containing metal or rubber components
Pregnancy Related InformationUse with cautionOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationUse with cautionChildren Related InformationUse with caution
NEONATES: ContraindicatedIndications for N-acetylcysteine1. Paracetamol poisoning
2. Acute and chronic bronchitis
3. Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
4. Tracheostomy care
5. Alveolar proteinosis
6. Angina pectoris
7. Gastritis
8. Heart attack
9. Mucolytics
Interactions for N-acetylcysteineN/ATypical Dosage for N-acetylcysteineAdult:
Oral: 200 mg 3 times daily with Vitamin C
Poisoning: 150 mg / kg body weight in 200 ml 5 % glucose as IV infusion over 15 minutes followed by 50 mg / kg body weight in 500 ml 5 % glucose as IV infusion over 4 hours and then 100 mg / kg body weight in 1000 ml 5 % glucose as IV infusion over 16 hours.
Unstable angina: Acetyl Cysteine 5 g in 200 ml 5% dextrose is given as slow IV perfusion for a period of 15 minutes after Nitroglycerine infusion.
Idiopathic oligoasthenospermia: 600 mg 2 times daily for 2 months
Mucolytics:
Nebulisation: 3 - 5 ml of a 20%solution 6 - 8 hours daily and if needed up to 10 ml of a 20 % solution can be given every 2 - 6 hours. Liquefied secretions can be removed by mechanical suction.
Instillation: 1- 2 ml of 20% solution can be given every hour through direct endotracheal instillation.
Injection : 200mg /ml injection through Tracheostomy tube
Schedule of N-acetylcysteineHStorage Requirements for N-acetylcysteineStore at 20 degree C. Protect from heat and light. Keep out of the reach of children.Effects of Missed Dosage of N-acetylcysteineTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of N-acetylcysteineGive supportive measures and symptomatic treatment.Alfacalcidol
About AlfacalcidolNutritional supplement,Vitamin D derivative, Antihypoparathyroid, Antihypocalcemic.Mechanism of Action of AlfacalcidolAlfacalcidol is a prodrug of Vitamin D and is rapidly hydroxylated in the liver in to calcitriol. Vitamin D exerts it`s action by influencing calcium homoeostasis. It increases the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate. It binds to the cytoplasmic Vitamin D receptor and translocates to the nucleus and thus increases the synthesis of specific m RNA and regulates protein synthesis. It increases the synthesis of a carrier protein for calcium called "calbindin" or calcium binding protein. Activation of Vitamin D receptor enhances endocytotic capture of calcium and it`s transport across duodenal mucosal cells in a vesicular form. Vitamin D promotes resorption of calcium and phosphate from bone by enhancing recruitment and differentiation of osteoclast precursors in the bone remodeling units. It helps in bone mineralization.Pharmacokinets of AlfacalcidolAbsorption: Well absorbed orally, Distribution: Widely distributed in a protein bound form. It is stored in adipose tissue and liver. Metabolism: It is hydroxylated in to calcitriol in liver. Excretion: Excreted mainly through bile.
Onset of Action for AlfacalcidolN/ADuration of Action for AlfacalcidolN/AHalf Life of AlfacalcidolN/ASide Effects of Alfacalcidol1.Hypercalcaemia
2.Fatigue
3.Weakness
4.Diarrhoea
5.Vomiting
6.Sluggishness
7.Albuminuria
8.Polyuria
9.Calcification of soft tissues (blood vessels, parenchymal organs including heart)
10.Renal stones
11.Growh retardation in children
12.Hypertension
13.Anorexia
14.Nausea
15.Constipation
16.Hyperphosphataemia.
Contra-indications of Alfacalcidol1.Hypercalcaemia
2.Hypervitaminosis D
3.Hyperphosphataemia (except when occurring with hypoparathyroidism
4.Hypermagnesaemia.
Special Precautions while taking Alfacalcidol1 Renal impairment
2.Hypercalciurea
3.Renal stones
4.Coronary diseases.
Pregnancy Related InformationUse with cautionOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationUse with cautionChildren Related InformationUse with cautionIndications for Alfacalcidol1.Rickets and Osteomalacia
2.Hypoparathyroidism with bone disease
3.Renal osteodystrophy
4.Osteoporosis
Interactions for AlfacalcidolDigitallis preparations: Cardiac arrhythmias precipitated.
Thiazide Diuretics: Hypercalcaemic response enhanced.
Barbiturates & other enzyme inducing anticonvulsants: Reduce efficacy.
Minteral Oil: Prolonged use reduces efficacy.
Cholestyramine, Cholestipol, Sucralfate, Aluminium based Antacids: Reduced efficacy by decreasing absorption of alfacalcidol.
Magnesium based Antacids or Laxatives: Hypermagnesaemia in those on chronic renal dialysis.Typical Dosage for AlfacalcidolOral:
Starts with 1mcg daily. Adjusted based on patients response to 2mcg daily if required.
Children over 20kg: Starts with 1mcg daily. Adjusted based on patient`s response.
Children under 20kg: 0.5mcg daily or 0.05mcg/kg/day
Schedule of AlfacalcidolC1Storage Requirements for AlfacalcidolStore in a well closed container in a cool place. Protect from light and excess heat. Keep out of reach of children.Effects of Missed Dosage of AlfacalcidolTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of AlfacalcidolProvide supportive and symptomatic treatment. Stops the treatment and starting a low calcium diet. Increases the fluid intake and administer Loop diuretics like furosemide may be given with saline I.V. infusion to increase calcium excretion. Calcitonin may decrease hypercalcaemia.Biotin
About BiotinN/AMechanism of Action of BiotinBiotin excerts it`s pharmacological action by influencing metabolic reactions. It acts as a coenzyme for carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. It is required for cell growth and production of fatty acids. It is required for healthy maintenance of hair, skin, sweat glands, nerve tissue, and bone marrow. It also helps in the transfer of carbon dioxide and in the maintenance of a steady blood sugar level.Pharmacokinets of BiotinAbsorption: Well absorbed orally, Excretion: Extra drug is excreted unchanged in urine.Onset of Action for BiotinN/ADuration of Action for BiotinN/AHalf Life of BiotinN/ASide Effects of BiotinN/AContra-indications of BiotinHypersensitivity of any biotin products.Special Precautions while taking BiotinN/APregnancy Related InformationUse with cautionOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationUse with cautionChildren Related InformationUse with cautionIndications for Biotin1.Biotin deficiency
2 Alopecia
3.Brittle nails
4.Prevent diabetic neuropathy and lower blood glucose levels in diabetic patients
5.Seborrheic dermatitis
6.Dry skin.
Interactions for BiotinN/ATypical Dosage for BiotinOral: 30 to 70mcg daily. Increased up to 300mcg/day if required based on the severity of deficiency.
Pregnancy: 30mcg daily
Lactation: 35mcg daily
Prevent brittle nails: 2.5mg/day.
Schedule of BiotinC1Storage Requirements for BiotinStore in a cool dry area in a well closed container. Protects from moisture, light and direct heat.Effects of Missed Dosage of BiotinTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of BiotinProvide symptomatic treatment and supportive measures.Home Delivery for Chromium + N-Acetylcysteine + Alfacalcidol + Biotin in Your City
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