Alpha-Lipoic Acid + Vit B12 + Omega 3 Fatty Acid + Chromium + Selenium Pharmacology

Alpha-Lipoic Acid + Vit B12 + Omega 3 Fatty Acid + Chromium + Selenium

About Alpha-Lipoic Acid + Vit B12 + Omega 3 Fatty Acid + Chromium + Selenium
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Mechanism of Action of Alpha-Lipoic Acid + Vit B12 + Omega 3 Fatty Acid + Chromium + Selenium
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Pharmacokinets of Alpha-Lipoic Acid + Vit B12 + Omega 3 Fatty Acid + Chromium + Selenium
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Onset of Action for Alpha-Lipoic Acid + Vit B12 + Omega 3 Fatty Acid + Chromium + Selenium
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Duration of Action for Alpha-Lipoic Acid + Vit B12 + Omega 3 Fatty Acid + Chromium + Selenium
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Half Life of Alpha-Lipoic Acid + Vit B12 + Omega 3 Fatty Acid + Chromium + Selenium
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Side Effects of Alpha-Lipoic Acid + Vit B12 + Omega 3 Fatty Acid + Chromium + Selenium
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Contra-indications of Alpha-Lipoic Acid + Vit B12 + Omega 3 Fatty Acid + Chromium + Selenium
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Special Precautions while taking Alpha-Lipoic Acid + Vit B12 + Omega 3 Fatty Acid + Chromium + Selenium
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Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
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Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
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Indications for Alpha-Lipoic Acid + Vit B12 + Omega 3 Fatty Acid + Chromium + Selenium
1.Diabetic Neuropathy and other associated problems
2.Cardio Protective
3.Nutritional supplement
4.Antioxidant
Interactions for Alpha-Lipoic Acid + Vit B12 + Omega 3 Fatty Acid + Chromium + Selenium
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Typical Dosage for Alpha-Lipoic Acid + Vit B12 + Omega 3 Fatty Acid + Chromium + Selenium
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Schedule of Alpha-Lipoic Acid + Vit B12 + Omega 3 Fatty Acid + Chromium + Selenium
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Storage Requirements for Alpha-Lipoic Acid + Vit B12 + Omega 3 Fatty Acid + Chromium + Selenium
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Effects of Missed Dosage of Alpha-Lipoic Acid + Vit B12 + Omega 3 Fatty Acid + Chromium + Selenium
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Effects of Overdose of Alpha-Lipoic Acid + Vit B12 + Omega 3 Fatty Acid + Chromium + Selenium
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Alpha-Lipoic acid

About Alpha-Lipoic acid
Naturally occurring dithiol compound , antioxidant, Agent for neuropathies.
Mechanism of Action of Alpha-Lipoic acid
Alpha-lipoic acid and its reduced metabolite, Dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), form a redox couple and may scavenge a wide range of reactive oxygen species. Alpha-lipoic acid has been found to decrease urinary isoprostanes, O-LDL and plasma protein carbonyls, markers of oxidative stress. Further, alpha-lipoic acid and its redox couple DHLA have been found to have antioxidant activity in aqueous, as well as in lipophilic regions, and in extra cellular and intracellular environments. Alpha-lipoic acid participates in the recycling of other important biologic antioxidants, such as vitamins E and C, Ubiquinone and glutathione.
Both alpha-lipoic acid and DHLA can scavenge hydroxyl radicals, the nitric oxide radical, peroxynitrite, hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorite. Alpha-lipoic acid may scavenge singlet oxygen, and DHLA may scavenge super oxide and peroxyl reactive oxygen species.
Pharmacokinets of Alpha-Lipoic acid
Absorption: Alpha-lipoic acid is absorbed from the small intestine. The natural R-entantiomer is more readily absorbed than the L-entantiomer and is the more active form.
Distribution:It is distributed to the liver via the portal circulation and to various tissues in the body via the systemic circulation. . Alpha-lipoic acid readily crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is found, after its distribution to the various body tissues, intracellularly, intramitochondrialy and extracellularly.Metabolism: Alpha-lipoic acid is metabolized to its reduced form, dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), by mitochondrial lipoamide dehydrogenase enzyme. DHLA, together with lipoic acid, form a redox couple. It is also metabolized to lipoamide, which functions as the lipoic acid cofactor in the multienzyme complexes that catalyze the oxidative decarboxylations of pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate. Alpha-lipoic acid may be metabolized to dithiol octanoic acid, which can undergo catabolism.
Onset of Action for Alpha-Lipoic acid
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Duration of Action for Alpha-Lipoic acid
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Half Life of Alpha-Lipoic acid
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Side Effects of Alpha-Lipoic acid
1.Nausea
2.Vomiting
Contra-indications of Alpha-Lipoic acid
1.Contraindicated during radiotherapy
Special Precautions while taking Alpha-Lipoic acid
Patient with diabetes and problems with glucose intolerance
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
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Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
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Indications for Alpha-Lipoic acid
1.Diabetic neuropathy
2.It may help prevent the oxidation of LDL cholesterol and may be protective, generally, against oxidative stress and, specifically, against atherosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury and various radiologic and chemical toxins.
3.It may also be useful in some inborn metabolic disorders
Interactions for Alpha-Lipoic acid
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Typical Dosage for Alpha-Lipoic acid
Adult: up to 600 milligrams daily
Diabetic neuropathy: 300 milligrams daily taken in divided doses.
Schedule of Alpha-Lipoic acid
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Storage Requirements for Alpha-Lipoic acid
Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat.Keep out of the reach of children. Keep the medicine from freezing. Do not refrigerate.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Alpha-Lipoic acid
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose.Continue the regular schedule.Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Alpha-Lipoic acid
Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment.

Vit B12

About Vit B12
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Mechanism of Action of Vit B12
Vitamin B12 is an essential constituent for growth, cell reproduction, hematopoiesis, and nucleoprotein and myelin synthesis. Vitamin B12 is converted in to coenzyme B12 in the tissues which is essential for conversion of methyl-malonate to succinate and synthesis of methionine from homocystine. It is also associated with fat and carbohydrate metabolism and protein synthesis. Cells characterized by rapid division such as epithelial cells, bone marrow, and myeloid cells appear to have greatest requirement of Cyanocobalamin.
Pharmacokinets of Vit B12
Absorption: Absorbed irregularly after oral administration and absorption depends on Ca and intrinsic factor. It is also administered subcutaneously and intramuscularly.
Distribution: Distributed in to liver, bone marrow, and other tissues. It crosses the placenta and appears in breast milk.
Metabolism: It is metabolized in liver.
Excretion: In normal dosage it is reabsorbed from bile and a minute portion is excreted through urine but the extra drug is excreted through urine.
Onset of Action for Vit B12
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Duration of Action for Vit B12
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Half Life of Vit B12
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Side Effects of Vit B12
1. Anaphylaxis
2. Anaphylactoid reactions
3. Pain and burning sensation at injection site
4. Itching
5. Urticaria
6. Transient diarrhea
7. Peripheral vascular thrombosis
8. Pulmonary oedema
Contra-indications of Vit B12
1. Hypersensitivity to the drug
2. Leber`s disease
Special Precautions while taking Vit B12
1. Anemic patients with coexisting cardiac, pulmonary and hypertensive diseases.
Pregnancy Related Information
May be used
Old Age Related Information
May be used
Breast Feeding Related Information
May be used
Children Related Information
Use with caution
NEONATES : Use with caution
Indications for Vit B12
1. Vitamin B12 deficiency
2. Pernicious Anaemia
3. Peripheral neuropathy (diabetic, alcoholic, and drug induced)
Interactions for Vit B12
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Typical Dosage for Vit B12
I.M., S.C.:
Pernicious Anaemia: 100mcg daily for 1 week followed by the same dose given on alternate days for 7 doses and then every 3 to 4days for another 3 weeks. This regimen should be followed by 100mcg monthly for life. Concurrently administer folic acid if required.
Vitamin B12 deficiency other than pernicious Anaemia: 30mcg daily for 5 to 10days depending up on the severity of the condition.
Maintenance dosage: 100 to 200mcg once monthly.
Children: 100mcg I.M. or S.C. over the course of 2 or more weeks.
Maintenance dosage: 60mcg monthly I.M. or S.C.
Schilling test flushing dose:
Adults and Children: 1000mcg I.M. in single dose
Recommended RDA (recommended dietary allowance) for Vitamin B12:
Infants up to 6months of age: 0.3mcg.
Children age 6 months to 1 year: 0.5mcg.
Children age 1 to 3: 0.7mcg.
Children age 4 to 6: 1mcg.
Children age 7 to 10: 1.4mcg.
Children age 11 to adult: 2mcg..
Pregnant women: 2.2mcg.
Breast feeding women: 2.6mcg.
Schedule of Vit B12
C
Storage Requirements for Vit B12
Store at room temperature range of 15 to 30 degree C.in a light resistant well closed container in a dry place.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Vit B12
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Vit B12
Not applicable. Even in large doses Vitamin B12 isn`t usually toxic.

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Chromium

About Chromium
Chromium is by far the most pivotal nutrient involved in sugar metabolism. Trivalent chromium is a part of glucose tolerance factor, an essential activator of insulin mediated reactions. Chromium improves insulin binding, insulin receptor number, insulin internalization, beta cell sensitivity and insulin receptor enzymes with overall increases in insulin sensitivity. Thus it helps to maintain normal glucose metabolism and peripheral nerve function. A number of clinical studies have been conducted which show that chromium is an effective therapy for both Type I and Type II diabetes. Except for supplementation, there is no good way to rebuild the body?s stockpile of chromium.
Deficiency symptoms: Impaired glucose tolerance, peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, confusion.
Over dosage symptoms: In normal therapeutic doses side effects have not been reported except occasional insomnia. In the event of over dosage - nausea, vomiting, GI ulcers, renal/hepatic damage, convulsion, coma may occur.

Mechanism of Action of Chromium
Chromium picolinate acts by influencing carbohydrate metabolism. It stimulates Insulin mediated reactions and improves glucose tolerance. Chromium picolinate helps to improve; insulin binding, insulin receptor number, insulin internalization, beta cell sensitivity and insulin receptor enzymes with overall increase in insulin sensitivity. Thus it maintains normal glucose metabolism and peripheral nerve functions. It improves carbohydrate metabolism, increases energy and helps to control diabetes. It also helps to control weight.
Pharmacokinets of Chromium
Absorption: Well absorbed orally, Distribution: Widely distributed in the body in especially in to liver, kidney, bone, and spleen; normal plasma level is 1 to 5mcg/l. Excretion: Excreted mainly through urine.
Onset of Action for Chromium
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Duration of Action for Chromium
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Half Life of Chromium
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Side Effects of Chromium
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Contra-indications of Chromium
1. Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Special Precautions while taking Chromium
1. Prolonged therapy with the drug
2.Hypoglycaemia
3.In patients with Type II diabetes mellitus use of chromium picolinate is only under the direct medical supervision
4.Renal impairment
5.Hepatic impairment
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
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Indications for Chromium
1.Type I diabetes mellitus
2.Type II diabetes mellitus
3.Obesity.
Interactions for Chromium
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Typical Dosage for Chromium
Oral: 200 mcg daily; increases up to 1mg daily if required.
Schedule of Chromium
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Storage Requirements for Chromium
Store in a well closed container at a cool dry place.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Chromium
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Chromium
Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment.

Selenium

About Selenium
A vital antioxidant, selenium acts with vitamin E to protect the immune system and maintain healthy heart function. It is needed for pancreatic function and tissue elasticity and has been shown to protect against radiation and toxic minerals. High levels of heart disease are associated with selenium-deficient soil in Finland and a tendency to fibrotic heart lesions is associated with selenium deficiency in parts of China. Best sources are butter, Brazil nuts, seafood and grains grown in selenium-rich soil.
Mechanism of Action of Selenium
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Pharmacokinets of Selenium
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Onset of Action for Selenium
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Duration of Action for Selenium
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Half Life of Selenium
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Side Effects of Selenium
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Contra-indications of Selenium
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Special Precautions while taking Selenium
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Pregnancy Related Information
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Old Age Related Information
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Breast Feeding Related Information
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Children Related Information
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Indications for Selenium
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Interactions for Selenium
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Typical Dosage for Selenium
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Schedule of Selenium
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Storage Requirements for Selenium
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Effects of Missed Dosage of Selenium
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Effects of Overdose of Selenium
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