Mecobalamin + Niacinamide + Folic Acid + Biotin + Vitamin D + Lysine + Zinc Pharmacology

Mecobalamin + Niacinamide + Folic Acid + Biotin + Vitamin D + Lysine + Zinc

About Mecobalamin + Niacinamide + Folic Acid + Biotin + Vitamin D + Lysine + Zinc
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Mechanism of Action of Mecobalamin + Niacinamide + Folic Acid + Biotin + Vitamin D + Lysine + Zinc
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Pharmacokinets of Mecobalamin + Niacinamide + Folic Acid + Biotin + Vitamin D + Lysine + Zinc
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Onset of Action for Mecobalamin + Niacinamide + Folic Acid + Biotin + Vitamin D + Lysine + Zinc
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Duration of Action for Mecobalamin + Niacinamide + Folic Acid + Biotin + Vitamin D + Lysine + Zinc
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Half Life of Mecobalamin + Niacinamide + Folic Acid + Biotin + Vitamin D + Lysine + Zinc
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Side Effects of Mecobalamin + Niacinamide + Folic Acid + Biotin + Vitamin D + Lysine + Zinc
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Contra-indications of Mecobalamin + Niacinamide + Folic Acid + Biotin + Vitamin D + Lysine + Zinc
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Special Precautions while taking Mecobalamin + Niacinamide + Folic Acid + Biotin + Vitamin D + Lysine + Zinc
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Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
May be used
Breast Feeding Related Information
May be used
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Indications for Mecobalamin + Niacinamide + Folic Acid + Biotin + Vitamin D + Lysine + Zinc
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Interactions for Mecobalamin + Niacinamide + Folic Acid + Biotin + Vitamin D + Lysine + Zinc
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Typical Dosage for Mecobalamin + Niacinamide + Folic Acid + Biotin + Vitamin D + Lysine + Zinc
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Schedule of Mecobalamin + Niacinamide + Folic Acid + Biotin + Vitamin D + Lysine + Zinc
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Storage Requirements for Mecobalamin + Niacinamide + Folic Acid + Biotin + Vitamin D + Lysine + Zinc
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Effects of Missed Dosage of Mecobalamin + Niacinamide + Folic Acid + Biotin + Vitamin D + Lysine + Zinc
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Effects of Overdose of Mecobalamin + Niacinamide + Folic Acid + Biotin + Vitamin D + Lysine + Zinc
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Mecobalamin

About Mecobalamin
Water soluble, Form of Vitamin B12
Mechanism of Action of Mecobalamin
Mecobalamin is the neurologically active form of vitamin B12 and occurs as a water-soluble vitamin in the body. It is a cofactor in the enzyme methionine synthase, which functions to transfer methyl groups for the regeneration of methionine from homocysteine. In anaemia, it increases erythrocyte production by promoting nucleic acid synthesis in the bone marrow and by promoting maturation and division of erythrocytes.
Pharmacokinets of Mecobalamin
Absorption: Absorbed after oral, sublingual, injection
Excretion: Excretion via urine
Onset of Action for Mecobalamin
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Duration of Action for Mecobalamin
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Half Life of Mecobalamin
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Side Effects of Mecobalamin
1.Oral: Anorexia, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea
2.Parenteral: Rash, headache, hot sensation, diaphoresis and pain/induration at IM inj site
Contra-indications of Mecobalamin
N/A
Special Precautions while taking Mecobalamin
N/A
Pregnancy Related Information
May be used
Old Age Related Information
May be used
Breast Feeding Related Information
May be used
Children Related Information
N/A
Indications for Mecobalamin
1.Peripheral neuropathies
2.Megaloblastic anaemia
Interactions for Mecobalamin
1.Decreased GI tract absorption with neomycin, aminosalicylic acid, H2-blockers and colchicines
2.Reduced serum concentrations with oral contraceptives
3.Reduced effects in anaemia with parenteral chloramphenicol
Typical Dosage for Mecobalamin
Peripheral neuropathies
Oral: Adult: 1500 mcg/day in 3 divided doses
Parenteral: 500 mcg daily IM/IV 3 times/wk

Megaloblastic anaemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency
Parenteral: Adult: 500 mcg daily IM/IV 3 times/wk. Maintenance dose: After about 2 mth of therapy, reduce dose to single admin of 500 mcg every 1-3 mth.
Schedule of Mecobalamin
N/A
Storage Requirements for Mecobalamin
Oral: Store at room temperature. Protect from moisture and light.
Parenteral: Store at room temperature. Do not expose to direct light.


Effects of Missed Dosage of Mecobalamin
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Effects of Overdose of Mecobalamin
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Folic Acid

About Folic Acid
Dietary supplement, Folate derivative( B9 ), Water Soluble Vitamin.
Mechanism of Action of Folic Acid
Folic acid reduced by enzymes folate reductase and dihydrofolate reductase and forms dihydrofolic acid tetrahydrofolic acid respectively. Tetrahydrofolic acid acts as a coenzyme which mediates a number of one carbon transfer reactions by carrying a methyl group as an adduct. It involves a number of reactions such as 1).conversion of homocysteine to methionine. 2).synthesis of thymidylate which is an essential constituent of DNA from methylene-tetrahydrofolic acid. 3). Conversion of serine to glycine by tetrahydrofolic acid and forms methylene-tetrahydrofolic acid. 4).to introduce carbon units at position 2 and 8 during de novo purine synthesis requires formyl-tetrahydrofolic acid and methenyl-tetrahydrofolic acid.5).generation and utilization of "formate pool". 6).For mediating formino group transfer in histidine metabolism. Folic acid is required to maintain normal erythropoiesis and nucleoprotein synthesis.
Pharmacokinets of Folic Acid
Absorption: Well absorbed orally
Distribution: Widely distributed in the body and highest concentration is seen in liver. It appears in the CSF and breast milk
Metabolism: Metabolized in to N-methyl tetrahydrofolic acid in liver
Excretion: Extra drug is excreted unchanged in urine. A small portion of folate is lost by a combination of urinary and fecal excretion and oxidative cleavage of molecule.
Onset of Action for Folic Acid
Oral: 20 to 30minutes
I.V.: 5 minutes
I.M.:10 to 20minutes
Duration of Action for Folic Acid
Oral: 3 to 6 hours
I.V.:3 to 6minutes
I.M.:3 to 6hours
Half Life of Folic Acid
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Side Effects of Folic Acid
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Contra-indications of Folic Acid
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Special Precautions while taking Folic Acid
1. In patients with undiagnosed anaemia; because it may mask pernicious anaemia
2. In pernicious anaemia and other megaloblastic where vitamin B12 is deficient
Pregnancy Related Information
May be used
Old Age Related Information
May be used
Breast Feeding Related Information
May be used
Children Related Information
May be used
Indications for Folic Acid
1. Megaloblastic anaemia
2. Folic acid deficiency
3. Anaemias of pregnancy
4. Nutritional anaemia
5. Alcoholism
6. Tropical sprue
7. Non tropical sprue
Interactions for Folic Acid
1. Hypersensitivity reactions with injection form
2. Bronchospasm
Typical Dosage for Folic Acid
Oral: 5mg 1 to 4 times daily; depending up on the severity of deficiency.
Maintenance dosage: Half of the therapeutic dosage.
Children: 2.5 to 5mg 1 to 2 times daily.
Schedule of Folic Acid
C1 (Oral)
C (Parenteral)
Storage Requirements for Folic Acid
Store at controlled room temperature at a range of 15 to 25 degree C in a well closed container. Protect from excess heat, light and moisture.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Folic Acid
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Folic Acid
Relatively non toxic. Provide symptomatic treatment and supportive measures.

Biotin

About Biotin
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Mechanism of Action of Biotin
Biotin excerts it`s pharmacological action by influencing metabolic reactions. It acts as a coenzyme for carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. It is required for cell growth and production of fatty acids. It is required for healthy maintenance of hair, skin, sweat glands, nerve tissue, and bone marrow. It also helps in the transfer of carbon dioxide and in the maintenance of a steady blood sugar level.
Pharmacokinets of Biotin
Absorption: Well absorbed orally, Excretion: Extra drug is excreted unchanged in urine.
Onset of Action for Biotin
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Duration of Action for Biotin
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Half Life of Biotin
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Side Effects of Biotin
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Contra-indications of Biotin
Hypersensitivity of any biotin products.
Special Precautions while taking Biotin
N/A
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Indications for Biotin
1.Biotin deficiency
2 Alopecia
3.Brittle nails
4.Prevent diabetic neuropathy and lower blood glucose levels in diabetic patients
5.Seborrheic dermatitis
6.Dry skin.
Interactions for Biotin
N/A
Typical Dosage for Biotin
Oral: 30 to 70mcg daily. Increased up to 300mcg/day if required based on the severity of deficiency.
Pregnancy: 30mcg daily
Lactation: 35mcg daily
Prevent brittle nails: 2.5mg/day.
Schedule of Biotin
C1
Storage Requirements for Biotin
Store in a cool dry area in a well closed container. Protects from moisture, light and direct heat.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Biotin
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Biotin
Provide symptomatic treatment and supportive measures.

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Lysine

About Lysine
Nutrient, an a-amino acid, Essential amino acid.
Mechanism of Action of Lysine
Lysine is an essential amino acid. It is a basic building block of protein. It is required for tissue repair, growth and bone development in children, help in calcium absorption and maintaining the correct nitrogen balance in the body and maintaining lean body mass. It produces antibodies, hormones, enzymes, collagen formation.
Since it helps with the building of muscle protein, it is useful for patients recovering from injuries and recovery after operations. It is also useful against herpes and cold sores.
The single supplement should be taken on an empty stomach because larger amounts of the amino acid can build up in the blood and brain.
Pharmacokinets of Lysine
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Onset of Action for Lysine
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Duration of Action for Lysine
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Half Life of Lysine
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Side Effects of Lysine
1.Diarrhea
2.Stomach cramps
Contra-indications of Lysine
Hypersensitivity to the drug
Special Precautions while taking Lysine
1.Liver impairment
2.Kidney problems
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
N/A
Breast Feeding Related Information
Use with caution
Children Related Information
N/A
Indications for Lysine
1.Development and maintenance
2.Calcium absorption
3.Cold sores
Interactions for Lysine
N/A
Typical Dosage for Lysine
12 mg/ kg/ day.
For calcium absorption: 800 mg/day
For cold sores: 1000 mg/day if needed treatment can be continued up to 6 months
Schedule of Lysine
N/A
Storage Requirements for Lysine
Store at room temperature in a cool dry and dark area.Keep out of the reach of children.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Lysine
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Lysine
Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment

Zinc

About Zinc
Trance metal, Dietary mineral, Nutritional supplement,Treatment of zinc deficiency,in wound healing.
Mechanism of Action of Zinc
Zinc acts as a cofactor for more than 70 different enzymes. Zinc dependent enzymes are involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Zinc facilitates wound healing, normal growth rates, normal skin hydration and maintains senses of taste and smell. It provides normal growth and tissue repair. It also helps in development of cell mediated immunity.
Pharmacokinets of Zinc
Absorption: Poorly absorbed orally, Distribution: Zinc is distributed mainly in to skeletal muscle, skin, bone, pancreas, kidney, liver, retina, prostate, RBC, and WBC. Excretion: Excreted mainly through intestine; only 2% loss in the urine.
Onset of Action for Zinc
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Duration of Action for Zinc
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Half Life of Zinc
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Side Effects of Zinc
1. Nausea
2. Vomiting
3. Abdominal distress
4. Gastric ulceration
5. Rashes
Contra-indications of Zinc
N/A
Special Precautions while taking Zinc
1.Don`t exceed prescribed dose
2.Renal failure
3.Biliary obstruction

Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
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Breast Feeding Related Information
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Children Related Information
N/A
Indications for Zinc
1. Zinc deficiency
2. Acne vulgaris
3. Chronic skin ulcers
4. Adjunct to antimicrobials
5. Delayed wound healing
6. Alopecia
Interactions for Zinc
Fluoroquinolones, Tetracyclines: Decreased GI absorption and serum levels of some fluoroquinolone.
Pencillamine: Reduced absorption of zinc.
Iron: Reduced absorption of iron and vice versa.

Typical Dosage for Zinc
Adults: 25 to 50mg zinc daily or 1 to 2 tablets daily.
Children: 5mg/kg 1 to 3 times daily.
Schedule of Zinc
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Storage Requirements for Zinc
Store at a temperature below 30 degree C
Effects of Missed Dosage of Zinc
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Zinc
Provide symptomatic treatment and supportive measures

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