Nalidixic Acid Pharmacology

Nalidixic Acid

About Nalidixic Acid
Synthetic quinolone(first generation quinolone) antibiotic.
Mechanism of Action of Nalidixic Acid
Nalidixic acid is a bacteriostatic at low concentration and bactericidal at high concentration. It act by inhibiting the enzyme DNA gyrase (Topoisomerase 2) and Topoisomerase 4. DNA gyrase helps in the formation of a highly condensed three dimensional structure of the DNA by its nicking and closing activity and also by introducing negative supercoil in to the DNA double helix. Nalidixic acid inhibits DNA gyrase which results in abnormal linkage between opened DNA and gyrase and negative supercoiling is impaired. This will inhibits transcription of DNA in to RNA and subsequent protein synthesis.
Pharmacokinets of Nalidixic Acid
Absorption: They are absorbed after oral administration.
Distribution: It is distributed widely in the body.
Metabolism: It undergoes partial metabolism in the liver.
Excretion: Drug is excreted mainly through urine.


Onset of Action for Nalidixic Acid
0.5 hour
Duration of Action for Nalidixic Acid
6 hours
Half Life of Nalidixic Acid
8 hours
Side Effects of Nalidixic Acid
1. Nausea
2. Vomiting
3. Diarrhoea
4. Abdominal discomfort
5. Restlessness
6. Dizziness
7. Drowsiness
8. Arthralgia
9. Rash
10. Confusion
11. Insomnia
12. Visual disturbances
13. Diplopia
14. Headache
15. Photosensitivity
Contra-indications of Nalidixic Acid
1. Hypersensitivity to Nalidixic acid and other Fluoroquinolones
2. Epilepsy
Special Precautions while taking Nalidixic Acid
1. Hepatic impairment
2. Renal impairment
3. G6PD deficiency
4. Avoid exposure to sun light
5. Prolonged therapy
6. Caution while driving the vehicle, operating machine or involved in any hazardous activities.
Pregnancy Related Information
Contraindicated in 1st trimester
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated
Children Related Information
Use with caution
NEONATES : Contraindicated
Indications for Nalidixic Acid
1. Urinary antiseptic
2. Cystitis
3. Prostatitis
4. Pyelonephritis
5. Urithritis
6. Trigonitis
7. Post partum pyelitis
8. Intestinal infections
Interactions for Nalidixic Acid
Anticoagulants (Warfarin or Dicoumarol): Effects of anticoagulants enhanced.
Probenecid: Reduces excretion of nalidixic acid.
Melphalan: Serious Gastro Intestinal toxicity.
Lab tests: False positive urinary glucose results with Benedicts or Fehling?s solution or Clinic test reagent tablets. Falsely elevated urinary 17-keto and ketogenic steroids.

Typical Dosage for Nalidixic Acid
Adults: 4 g / day in 4 divided doses
Children : 55 mg / kg body weight / day in 4 divided doses
Schedule of Nalidixic Acid
H
Storage Requirements for Nalidixic Acid
Store at 15 - 30 degree C in a tightly closed container. Protect away from heat and light.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Nalidixic Acid
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose.
Effects of Overdose of Nalidixic Acid
Give supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. Gastric lavage has to be done. Give plenty of water to promote the excretion of the drug.

Home Delivery for Nalidixic Acid in Your City

Medicine India is just a publishing medium for medicine related information and does not provide services or sales of medicines including nalidixic acid.

However, we do publish a comprehensive directory of Pharmacies, Chemists and Druggists in cities all over India. You can use this directory to find the medicine stores in your city (or area) that provide home delivery services for nalidixic acid and other medicines and health products. Home delivery services for nalidixic acid may be free or they may cost you depending on the pharmacy and the minimum order requirements. It would be best to get this clarified while placing the order.

Please be aware that you should take nalidixic acid only if a doctor has recommended or prescribed it. Some or all pharmacies who provide a home delivery service for medicines might insist on a prescription for nalidixic acid before they complete the sale. You can get this information while placing the order for nalidixic acid with the pharmacy.

Nalidixic Acid is a generic medicine name and there are several brands available for it. Some of the brands for nalidixic acid might be better known than nalidixic acid itself. If the pharmacy that's willing to deliver medicines to your home doesn't have nalidixic acid in stock, you can ask for one of the branded alternatives for nalidixic acid.