Tobramycin Pharmacology

Tobramycin

About Tobramycin

Aminoglycoside derivative, Antibiotic.

Mechanism of Action of Tobramycin

Tobramycin exerts its bactericidal action against gram- negative organisms & some of gram positive organisms by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. The process involves 1. Penetration of bacterial cell membrane & binding directly to the bacterial ribosome, 2. Misleading of m-RNA codon by bacterial ribosome, 3. Formation of peptide chains with wrong amino acid sequence which gets incorporated into bacterial cell membrane and alters its permeability, 4. Bacterial cell lysis. Some bacterial strains like pseudomonas are more sensitive to Tobramycin than Gentamicin.

Pharmacokinets of Tobramycin

Absorption: Poorly absorbed orally, Distribution: Distributed extracellularly. CSF penetration & intraocular penetration poor. Metabolism: Not metabolized, Excretion: Excreted mainly through urine.

Onset of Action for Tobramycin

N/A

Duration of Action for Tobramycin

8 hours

Half Life of Tobramycin

2 to 3 hours

Side Effects of Tobramycin

1.Ototoxicity
2.Allergic manifestations
3.Nephrotoxicity
4.Dizziness
5.Seizures
6.Nausea
7.Vomiting

Contra-indications of Tobramycin

1. Hypersensitive to the drug or other amino glycosides
2. Along with other nephrotoxic drugs
3. Renal impairment
4. Auditory disorders

Special Precautions while taking Tobramycin

1.Renal impairment
2.Neuromuscular disorders

Pregnancy Related Information

Contraindicated

Old Age Related Information

Use cautiously

Breast Feeding Related Information

Contraindicated

Children Related Information

Children: Use cautiously
Infants: Use cautiously

Indications for Tobramycin

1. Infections caused by pseudomonas, proteous, staphylococcus, klebsiella, E coli, serratia, enterobacter etc
2. Cystic fibrosis with pseudomonas infections:
3. Ocular infections
4. Gastro intestinal diseases
5. Urinary tract infections
6. Endocarditis
7. Meningitis

Interactions for Tobramycin

Amphotericin B, Cisplatin, Cephalosporin, Vancomycin, Methoxyflurane, Frusemide, Bumetanide: Increased nephrotoxicity.
Anaesthetics, Neuromuscular blocking agents (Tubocurarine): Risk of neuromuscular blockade and respiratory paralysis.
Penicillin, Cephalosporins, Carbenicillin, Ticarcillin: Exert antibiotic synergism, especially useful in Pseudomonas infections.
Loop diuretics: Concurrent use of these agents may increase the risk of respiratory paralysis and renal dysfunction.
Lab Tests: Aminoglycoside serum levels: Guard against in vitro inactivation of aminogly-cosides by ?-lactum antibiotics in patients on combination therapy.

Typical Dosage for Tobramycin

Adults: 3 to 5 mg/kg/day in 1 to 3 divided doses I.M or I.V
Infections caused by pseudomonas, proteous, staphylococcus, klebsiella, E coli, serratia, enterobacter etc:-
Adults: 3mg/kg/day thrice daily I.M or I.V..
Neonates: 4mg/kg/day; twice daily I.M or I.V.
Cystic fibrosis with pseudomonas infections:
Adults & children: 300 mg twice daily I..M or I.V.; for four weeks then four week interval and again repeat the treatment for four weeks if required.
Ocular infections: 1 or 2 drops 4 to 6 times daily.

Schedule of Tobramycin

Storage Requirements for Tobramycin

Store at cool dry place. Protect from light. Keep out of the reach of children.

Effects of Missed Dosage of Tobramycin

Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.

Effects of Overdose of Tobramycin

An overdose results in Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neuromuscular disorders & hypersensitivity manifestations. Treatment includes removal of drug by dialysis, &drug treatment with neostigmine, Ca, & Prednisolone.

Home Delivery for Tobramycin in Your City

Medicine India is just a publishing medium for medicine related information and does not provide services or sales of medicines including tobramycin.

However, we do publish a comprehensive directory of Pharmacies, Chemists and Druggists in cities all over India. You can use this directory to find the medicine stores in your city (or area) that provide home delivery services for tobramycin and other medicines and health products. Home delivery services for tobramycin may be free or they may cost you depending on the pharmacy and the minimum order requirements. It would be best to get this clarified while placing the order.

Please be aware that you should take tobramycin only if a doctor has recommended or prescribed it. Some or all pharmacies who provide a home delivery service for medicines might insist on a prescription for tobramycin before they complete the sale. You can get this information while placing the order for tobramycin with the pharmacy.

Tobramycin is a generic medicine name and there are several brands available for it. Some of the brands for tobramycin might be better known than tobramycin itself. If the pharmacy that's willing to deliver medicines to your home doesn't have tobramycin in stock, you can ask for one of the branded alternatives for tobramycin.