Sulfamethoxazole + Pyrimethamine Pharmacology

Sulfamethoxazole + Pyrimethamine

About Sulfamethoxazole + Pyrimethamine
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Mechanism of Action of Sulfamethoxazole + Pyrimethamine
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Pharmacokinets of Sulfamethoxazole + Pyrimethamine
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Onset of Action for Sulfamethoxazole + Pyrimethamine
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Duration of Action for Sulfamethoxazole + Pyrimethamine
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Half Life of Sulfamethoxazole + Pyrimethamine
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Side Effects of Sulfamethoxazole + Pyrimethamine
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Contra-indications of Sulfamethoxazole + Pyrimethamine
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Special Precautions while taking Sulfamethoxazole + Pyrimethamine
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Pregnancy Related Information
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Old Age Related Information
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Breast Feeding Related Information
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Children Related Information
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Indications for Sulfamethoxazole + Pyrimethamine
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Interactions for Sulfamethoxazole + Pyrimethamine
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Typical Dosage for Sulfamethoxazole + Pyrimethamine
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Schedule of Sulfamethoxazole + Pyrimethamine
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Storage Requirements for Sulfamethoxazole + Pyrimethamine
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Effects of Missed Dosage of Sulfamethoxazole + Pyrimethamine
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Effects of Overdose of Sulfamethoxazole + Pyrimethamine
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Sulfamethoxazole

About Sulfamethoxazole
Intermediate-acting Sulfonamide, Antibiotic.
Mechanism of Action of Sulfamethoxazole
This drug is a structural analogs and competitive antagonists of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). They inhibit normal bacterial utilization of PABA for the synthesis of dihydrofolic acid, a compound that bacteria must be able to make in order to survive for the synthesis of folic acid, an important metabolite in DNA synthesis.
Pharmacokinets of Sulfamethoxazole
Absorption- Rapidly absorbed after oral administration
Distribution- Widely distributed in the body as plasma protein bounded form (70%).
It enters into cerebrospinal fluid, placenta and synovial fluid
Metabolism- Metabolized in the liver to its metabolites by acetylation and glucoronidation
Excretion- Excreted through urine
Onset of Action for Sulfamethoxazole
N/A
Duration of Action for Sulfamethoxazole
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Half Life of Sulfamethoxazole
N/A
Side Effects of Sulfamethoxazole
1. Brownish coloration of urine
2. Skin rashes
3. Hives
4. Itching
5. Localized swelling
6. Reddened eyes
7. Headache
8. Dizziness
9. Ringing in ears
10. Loss of appetite
11. Irritation of mouth and tongue
12. Nausea
13. Abdominal pain
14. Diarrhea.
Contra-indications of Sulfamethoxazole
1. Hypersensitivity to the drug or other ingredients it or other sulfonamides
2. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
3. Kidney disease
4. Liver disease
5. Porphyria
6. Anemia or other blood problems
Special Precautions while taking Sulfamethoxazole
1.Renal impairment
2.Hepatic impairment
3.Blood disorders
4.Drink lots of high calorie fluids such as cranberry juice and nectars, up to 2 quarts daily, to make sure you have adequate volume of urine to prevent dehydration.
Pregnancy Related Information
Contraindicated
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated
Children Related Information
Use with caution
NEONATES- Contraindicated
Indications for Sulfamethoxazole
1. Malaria
2. Conjunctivitis
3. Toxoplasmosis
4. Urinary tract infections (UTI).
Interactions for Sulfamethoxazole
N/A
Typical Dosage for Sulfamethoxazole
Oral-
Adults-
2 to 4 grams for the first dose, then 1 to 2 grams every eight to twelve hours
Children 2 months of age and older-
50 to 60mg/kg for the first dose, then 25 to 30 mg /kg (every twelve hours)
Schedule of Sulfamethoxazole
N/A
Storage Requirements for Sulfamethoxazole
Store at room temperature between 15 and 30 degrees C (59 and 86 degrees F). Protect from light.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Sulfamethoxazole
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Sulfamethoxazole
Give symptomatic and supportive treatment. Induce gastric lavage. Treated with blood products if needed

Pyrimethamine

About Pyrimethamine
Folic acid antagonist, Pyrimidine derivative, Antiprotozoal, Antimalarial.
Mechanism of Action of Pyrimethamine
Pyrimethamine binds to dihydrofolate reductase enzyme and inhibits the reduction of Dihydrofolic acid (DHFA) to Tetra hydrofolic acid (THFA) .This will interfere the synthesis of folic acid in malarial parasite.
Pharmacokinets of Pyrimethamine
Absorption: It is well absorbed after oral administration.Distribution: It is widely distributed in the body in plasma protein bound form.Metabolism: It undergoes metabolism in the liver. Excretion: Excreted mainly through urine and also through breast milk.
Onset of Action for Pyrimethamine
30 - 60 minute
Duration of Action for Pyrimethamine
8 - 10 hours
Half Life of Pyrimethamine
2 - 6 days
Side Effects of Pyrimethamine
1.Nausea
2.Vomiting
3.Anorexia
4.Abdominal cramps
5.Thrombocytopenia
6.Megaloblastic anaemia
7.Glossitis
8.Pruritis
9.Rash


Contra-indications of Pyrimethamine
1.Hypersensitivity to Pyrimethamine
2.Megaloblastic anaemia caused by folic acid deficiency
Special Precautions while taking Pyrimethamine
1. Hepatic dysfunction
2. Renal impairment
3. Epilepsy
4. Patients with G -6-PD deficiency
5. Asthma
Pregnancy Related Information
Contraindicated.
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated.
Children Related Information
Use with caution
Indications for Pyrimethamine
1. Malaria (treatment and chemoprophylaxis)
2. Toxoplasmosis
3. Isosporiasis
Interactions for Pyrimethamine
Antifolic drugs (e.g: Methotrexate, Sulphonamides TMP-SMZ): Do not use these agents while the patient is receiving sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine.

Typical Dosage for Pyrimethamine
Adult: Malaria: 50 mg once daily for 2 days followed by 25 mg once in 7 days for 2 - 3 months along with a Sulphonamide
Chemoprophylaxis: 25 mg once weekly for 2 - 3 months
Schedule of Pyrimethamine
H
Storage Requirements for Pyrimethamine
The drug should be stored in cool dark place. Protect away from sun light. Keep out of the reach of children
Effects of Missed Dosage of Pyrimethamine
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Pyrimethamine
Give supportive measures and treatment. Gastric lavage has to be done followed by administration of cathartic. To control seizure Barbiturates can be given to the patient.Leucovorin is given to reduce the hematological side effect.

Home Delivery for Sulfamethoxazole + Pyrimethamine in Your City

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However, we do publish a comprehensive directory of Pharmacies, Chemists and Druggists in cities all over India. You can use this directory to find the medicine stores in your city (or area) that provide home delivery services for sulfamethoxazole + pyrimethamine and other medicines and health products. Home delivery services for sulfamethoxazole + pyrimethamine may be free or they may cost you depending on the pharmacy and the minimum order requirements. It would be best to get this clarified while placing the order.

Please be aware that you should take sulfamethoxazole + pyrimethamine only if a doctor has recommended or prescribed it. Some or all pharmacies who provide a home delivery service for medicines might insist on a prescription for sulfamethoxazole + pyrimethamine before they complete the sale. You can get this information while placing the order for sulfamethoxazole + pyrimethamine with the pharmacy.

Sulfamethoxazole + Pyrimethamine is a generic medicine name and there are several brands available for it. Some of the brands for sulfamethoxazole + pyrimethamine might be better known than sulfamethoxazole + pyrimethamine itself. If the pharmacy that's willing to deliver medicines to your home doesn't have sulfamethoxazole + pyrimethamine in stock, you can ask for one of the branded alternatives for sulfamethoxazole + pyrimethamine.