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- Pharmacology For Lamivudine + Zidovudine + Efavirenz
Lamivudine + Zidovudine + Efavirenz Pharmacology
Lamivudine + Zidovudine + Efavirenz
About Lamivudine + Zidovudine + EfavirenzN/AMechanism of Action of Lamivudine + Zidovudine + EfavirenzN/APharmacokinets of Lamivudine + Zidovudine + EfavirenzN/AOnset of Action for Lamivudine + Zidovudine + EfavirenzN/ADuration of Action for Lamivudine + Zidovudine + EfavirenzN/AHalf Life of Lamivudine + Zidovudine + EfavirenzN/ASide Effects of Lamivudine + Zidovudine + EfavirenzN/AContra-indications of Lamivudine + Zidovudine + EfavirenzN/ASpecial Precautions while taking Lamivudine + Zidovudine + EfavirenzN/APregnancy Related InformationN/AOld Age Related InformationN/ABreast Feeding Related InformationN/AChildren Related InformationN/AIndications for Lamivudine + Zidovudine + EfavirenzN/AInteractions for Lamivudine + Zidovudine + EfavirenzN/ATypical Dosage for Lamivudine + Zidovudine + EfavirenzN/ASchedule of Lamivudine + Zidovudine + EfavirenzN/AStorage Requirements for Lamivudine + Zidovudine + EfavirenzN/AEffects of Missed Dosage of Lamivudine + Zidovudine + EfavirenzN/AEffects of Overdose of Lamivudine + Zidovudine + EfavirenzN/ALamivudine
About LamivudineNucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor ,cytidine analogue, Antiretroviral.Mechanism of Action of LamivudineLamivudine is a deoxy cytidine nucleoside analogue. It undergoes phosphorylation in the presence of Kinase enzyme and form Lamivudine triphosphate. This Lamivudine triphosphate competitively inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme which is responsible for the conversion of viral RNA to pro viral DNA and is then added to host cell chromosome. Lamivudine triphosphate terminates elongation of pro viral DNA and results in inhibition of viral replication. Lamivudine triphosphate is also a potent inhibitor of HBV (hepatitis B virus)Pharmacokinets of LamivudineAbsorption: It is rapidly absorbed after oral administration. Distribution: It is widely distributed in the body. Metabolism: Metabolism is insignificant. Excretion: It is excreted in urineOnset of Action for LamivudineN/ADuration of Action for LamivudineN/AHalf Life of Lamivudine5 - 7 hoursSide Effects of Lamivudine1.Nausea
2.Vomiting
3.Diarrhoea
4.Anorexia
5.Headache
6.Dizziness
7.Anaemia
8.Neutropenia
9.Thrombocytopenia
10.Myalgia
11.Rash
12.FeverContra-indications of LamivudineHypersensitivity to LamivudineSpecial Precautions while taking Lamivudine1.Renal impairment
2.Hepatic dysfunctionPregnancy Related InformationUse with cautionOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationContraindicatedChildren Related InformationUse with caution
NEONATES: contraindicated
Indications for Lamivudine1.HIV infections
2.Treatment of chronic Hepatitis BInteractions for LamivudineTrimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole: Results in an increase in AUC of Lamivudine and a decrease in renal clearance.
Zidovudine: Results in an increase in C max. of Zidovudine.Typical Dosage for LamivudineAdult: 100 - 300 mg / day in 2 divided dose
HIV infection: 300 mg / day in 2 divided dose
Treatment of chronic Hepatitis B: 100 mg / day
Children: 4 - 8 mg / kg /day in 2 divided dose
HIV infection: 4 mg / kg /day in 2 divided dose
Schedule of LamivudineHStorage Requirements for LamivudineStore it at 15 -25 degree C in a tightly closed container .Protect away from heat and lightEffects of Missed Dosage of LamivudineTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time to take the next dose then skip the missed dose and do not double the doseEffects of Overdose of LamivudineGive supportive measures and treatment.Zidovudine
About ZidovudineNucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor, thymidine analog, Antiretroviral.Mechanism of Action of ZidovudineZidovudine is a Thymidine nucleoside analogue. It undergoes phosphorylation in the presence of Kinase enzyme and form Zidovudine triphosphate. This Zidovudine triphosphate competitively inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme which is responsible for the conversion of viral RNA to pro viral DNA and is then added to host cell chromosome. Zidovudine triphosphate terminates elongation of pro viral DNA and results in inhibition of viral replication.Pharmacokinets of ZidovudineAbsorption: It is rapidly absorbed after oral administration.
Distribution: It is widely distributed in the body.
Metabolism: It undergoes rapid metabolism in the liver.
Excretion: It is excreted in urine.
Onset of Action for Zidovudine30 - 90 minutesDuration of Action for ZidovudineN/AHalf Life of Zidovudine60 minutesSide Effects of Zidovudine1. Nausea
2. Vomiting
3. Diarrhoea
4. Anorexia
5. Headache
6. Dizziness
7. Anaemia
8. Agranulocytosis
9. Thrombocytopenia
10. Myalgia
11. Rash
Contra-indications of Zidovudine1. Hypersensitivity to ZidovudineSpecial Precautions while taking Zidovudine1. Renal impairment
2. Hepatic dysfunction (Hepatitis, hepatomegaly)
3. Patient with severe bone marrow suppression
4. Pre existing anaemia
5. Granulocytopenia
Pregnancy Related InformationUse with cautionOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationContraindicatedChildren Related InformationMay be used
NEONATES : Contraindicated
Indications for Zidovudine1. HIV infectionsInteractions for ZidovudineDapsone, Pentamidine, Amphotericin B, Flucytosine, Vincristine, Vinblastine, Adriamycin, Interferon: Concomitant use with drugs that are nephrotoxic, cytotoxic or myelosuppressive may increase toxicity risk.
Trimethoprim:The serum levels of Zidovudine and its metabolite may be increased.
Probenecid:Toxicity of either drug may be potentiated.
Acetaminophen: Increased incidence of granulocytopenia.
Acyclovir: Concomitant use may result in neurotoxicity.
Phenytoin: Altered phenytoin levels. Zidovudine clearance decreased by phenytoin.
Typical Dosage for ZidovudineAdult: 600 mg / day in 2 - 3 divided dose
Asymptomatic HIV infection and for preventing HIV transmission from mother to fetus: 100 mg 5 times daily; should be taken every 4 hours.
Children: 720 mg / sq.metre / day in 4 divided dose in equal interval
Schedule of ZidovudineHStorage Requirements for ZidovudineStore it at 15 -25 degree C in a tightly closed container . Protect away from heat and light. Keep out of the reach of children.Effects of Missed Dosage of ZidovudineTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time to take the next dose then skip the missed dose and do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of ZidovudineGive supportive measures and treatment.Efavirenz
About EfavirenzEfavirenz is a non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor, Antiretroviral Agent.Mechanism of Action of EfavirenzEfavirenz noncompetitively binds to a site other than catalytic site in the HIV- 1 reverse transcriptase enzyme .This binding will results in a structural change in the enzyme and inhibits its activity i.e. conversion of viral RNA to pro viral DNA and subsequent virus replication
Pharmacokinets of EfavirenzAbsorption: It is absorbed after oral administration. Distribution: It is widely distributed in the body in protein bound form. Metabolism: It is metabolised in the liver to inactive metabolite. Excretion: The drug is primarily excreted through faeces and it is also excreted through urine.Onset of Action for Efavirenz3 - 5 hourDuration of Action for EfavirenzN/AHalf Life of Efavirenz48 hourSide Effects of Efavirenz1.Rash
2.Stevens-Johnson syndrome
3.Dizziness
4.Headache
5.Insomnia
6.Hallucination
7.Diarrhoea
8.Anorexia
9.Impaired concentration
10.Dysphoria
Contra-indications of EfavirenzHypersensitivity to EfavirenzSpecial Precautions while taking Efavirenz1.Renal impairment
2.Hepatic impairment
3.Psychiatric patients
4.Patient with increased cholesterol level and serum transaminases level
Pregnancy Related InformationContraindicatedOld Age Related InformationUse with caution.Breast Feeding Related InformationContraindicated.Children Related InformationUse with caution.
NEONATES: contraindicatedIndications for EfavirenzHIV-1 infectionInteractions for EfavirenzGrapefruit juice may affect plasma efavirenz concentration.
Antibacterials: Increased risk of rash with clarithromycin. Rifampicin reduces plasma concentration of efavirenz.
Antidepressants: Avoid concomitant use of St. John?s Wort (Hypericum perforatum - a long living plant with yellow flowers).
Antihistaminics: Increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias when used with terfenadine.
Other antivirals: Efavirenz reduces plasma concentration of amprenavir, indinavir and lipinavir. Efavirenz reduces plasma concentration of saquinavir.
Anxiolytics: Risk of prolonged sedation with Midazolam.
Oestrogen and Progestogens: Possibly reduced efficacy of oral contraceptives.Typical Dosage for EfavirenzAdults: 600mg once daily along with other antiretroviral agent.
Children:
Over 3 years(13-14kg body weight) : 200mg once daily;
15-19kg body weight: 250mg once daily;
20-24kg body weight: 300mg once daily;
25-32.4kg body weight: 350mg once daily;
32.5-39kg body weight: 400mg once daily;
above 40kg body weight:same as adult doseSchedule of EfavirenzHStorage Requirements for EfavirenzStore at 15 - 30 degree C in a tightly closed container. Protect away from heat and light. Keep out of the reach of children.Effects of Missed Dosage of EfavirenzTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time to take the next dose then skip the missed doseEffects of Overdose of EfavirenzGive supportive measures and treatment. Activated charcoal can be given to reduce the absorption of the drugHome Delivery for Lamivudine + Zidovudine + Efavirenz in Your City
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Lamivudine + Zidovudine + Efavirenz is a generic medicine name and there are several brands available for it. Some of the brands for lamivudine + zidovudine + efavirenz might be better known than lamivudine + zidovudine + efavirenz itself. If the pharmacy that's willing to deliver medicines to your home doesn't have lamivudine + zidovudine + efavirenz in stock, you can ask for one of the branded alternatives for lamivudine + zidovudine + efavirenz.
