Lamivudine + Zidovudine + Nevirapine Pharmacology

Lamivudine + Zidovudine + Nevirapine

About Lamivudine + Zidovudine + Nevirapine
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Mechanism of Action of Lamivudine + Zidovudine + Nevirapine
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Pharmacokinets of Lamivudine + Zidovudine + Nevirapine
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Onset of Action for Lamivudine + Zidovudine + Nevirapine
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Duration of Action for Lamivudine + Zidovudine + Nevirapine
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Half Life of Lamivudine + Zidovudine + Nevirapine
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Side Effects of Lamivudine + Zidovudine + Nevirapine
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Contra-indications of Lamivudine + Zidovudine + Nevirapine
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Special Precautions while taking Lamivudine + Zidovudine + Nevirapine
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Pregnancy Related Information
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Old Age Related Information
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Breast Feeding Related Information
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Children Related Information
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Indications for Lamivudine + Zidovudine + Nevirapine
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Interactions for Lamivudine + Zidovudine + Nevirapine
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Typical Dosage for Lamivudine + Zidovudine + Nevirapine
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Schedule of Lamivudine + Zidovudine + Nevirapine
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Storage Requirements for Lamivudine + Zidovudine + Nevirapine
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Effects of Missed Dosage of Lamivudine + Zidovudine + Nevirapine
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Effects of Overdose of Lamivudine + Zidovudine + Nevirapine
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Lamivudine

About Lamivudine
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor ,cytidine analogue, Antiretroviral.
Mechanism of Action of Lamivudine
Lamivudine is a deoxy cytidine nucleoside analogue. It undergoes phosphorylation in the presence of Kinase enzyme and form Lamivudine triphosphate. This Lamivudine triphosphate competitively inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme which is responsible for the conversion of viral RNA to pro viral DNA and is then added to host cell chromosome. Lamivudine triphosphate terminates elongation of pro viral DNA and results in inhibition of viral replication. Lamivudine triphosphate is also a potent inhibitor of HBV (hepatitis B virus)
Pharmacokinets of Lamivudine
Absorption: It is rapidly absorbed after oral administration. Distribution: It is widely distributed in the body. Metabolism: Metabolism is insignificant. Excretion: It is excreted in urine
Onset of Action for Lamivudine
N/A
Duration of Action for Lamivudine
N/A
Half Life of Lamivudine
5 - 7 hours
Side Effects of Lamivudine
1.Nausea
2.Vomiting
3.Diarrhoea
4.Anorexia
5.Headache
6.Dizziness
7.Anaemia
8.Neutropenia
9.Thrombocytopenia
10.Myalgia
11.Rash
12.Fever
Contra-indications of Lamivudine
Hypersensitivity to Lamivudine
Special Precautions while taking Lamivudine
1.Renal impairment
2.Hepatic dysfunction
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated
Children Related Information
Use with caution
NEONATES: contraindicated
Indications for Lamivudine
1.HIV infections
2.Treatment of chronic Hepatitis B
Interactions for Lamivudine
Trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole: Results in an increase in AUC of Lamivudine and a decrease in renal clearance.
Zidovudine: Results in an increase in C max. of Zidovudine.
Typical Dosage for Lamivudine
Adult: 100 - 300 mg / day in 2 divided dose
HIV infection: 300 mg / day in 2 divided dose
Treatment of chronic Hepatitis B: 100 mg / day
Children: 4 - 8 mg / kg /day in 2 divided dose
HIV infection: 4 mg / kg /day in 2 divided dose

Schedule of Lamivudine
H
Storage Requirements for Lamivudine
Store it at 15 -25 degree C in a tightly closed container .Protect away from heat and light
Effects of Missed Dosage of Lamivudine
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time to take the next dose then skip the missed dose and do not double the dose
Effects of Overdose of Lamivudine
Give supportive measures and treatment.

Zidovudine

About Zidovudine
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor, thymidine analog, Antiretroviral.
Mechanism of Action of Zidovudine
Zidovudine is a Thymidine nucleoside analogue. It undergoes phosphorylation in the presence of Kinase enzyme and form Zidovudine triphosphate. This Zidovudine triphosphate competitively inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme which is responsible for the conversion of viral RNA to pro viral DNA and is then added to host cell chromosome. Zidovudine triphosphate terminates elongation of pro viral DNA and results in inhibition of viral replication.
Pharmacokinets of Zidovudine
Absorption: It is rapidly absorbed after oral administration.
Distribution: It is widely distributed in the body.
Metabolism: It undergoes rapid metabolism in the liver.
Excretion: It is excreted in urine.
Onset of Action for Zidovudine
30 - 90 minutes
Duration of Action for Zidovudine
N/A
Half Life of Zidovudine
60 minutes
Side Effects of Zidovudine
1. Nausea
2. Vomiting
3. Diarrhoea
4. Anorexia
5. Headache
6. Dizziness
7. Anaemia
8. Agranulocytosis
9. Thrombocytopenia
10. Myalgia
11. Rash
Contra-indications of Zidovudine
1. Hypersensitivity to Zidovudine
Special Precautions while taking Zidovudine
1. Renal impairment
2. Hepatic dysfunction (Hepatitis, hepatomegaly)
3. Patient with severe bone marrow suppression
4. Pre existing anaemia
5. Granulocytopenia
Pregnancy Related Information
Use with caution
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated
Children Related Information
May be used
NEONATES : Contraindicated
Indications for Zidovudine
1. HIV infections
Interactions for Zidovudine
Dapsone, Pentamidine, Amphotericin B, Flucytosine, Vincristine, Vinblastine, Adriamycin, Interferon: Concomitant use with drugs that are nephrotoxic, cytotoxic or myelosuppressive may increase toxicity risk.
Trimethoprim:The serum levels of Zidovudine and its metabolite may be increased.
Probenecid:Toxicity of either drug may be potentiated.
Acetaminophen: Increased incidence of granulocytopenia.
Acyclovir: Concomitant use may result in neurotoxicity.
Phenytoin: Altered phenytoin levels. Zidovudine clearance decreased by phenytoin.

Typical Dosage for Zidovudine
Adult: 600 mg / day in 2 - 3 divided dose
Asymptomatic HIV infection and for preventing HIV transmission from mother to fetus: 100 mg 5 times daily; should be taken every 4 hours.
Children: 720 mg / sq.metre / day in 4 divided dose in equal interval
Schedule of Zidovudine
H
Storage Requirements for Zidovudine
Store it at 15 -25 degree C in a tightly closed container . Protect away from heat and light. Keep out of the reach of children.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Zidovudine
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time to take the next dose then skip the missed dose and do not double the dose.
Effects of Overdose of Zidovudine
Give supportive measures and treatment.

Nevirapine

About Nevirapine
A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), Antiretroviral.
Mechanism of Action of Nevirapine
Nevirapine noncompetitively binds to a site other than catalytic site in the HIV- 1 reverse transcriptase enzyme .This binding will results in a structural change in the enzyme and inhibits its activity i.e. conversion of viral RNA to pro viral DNA and subsequent virus replication
Pharmacokinets of Nevirapine
Absorption: It is rapidly absorbed after oral administration.
Distribution: It is widely distributed in the body in protein bound form.
Metabolism: It is extensively metabolised in the liver
Excretion: The drug is primarily excreted through faeces and it is also excreted through urine.
Onset of Action for Nevirapine
N/A
Duration of Action for Nevirapine
N/A
Half Life of Nevirapine
30 hours
Side Effects of Nevirapine
1. Rash
2. Stevens-Johnson syndrome
3. Dizziness
4. Headache
5. Fatigue
6. Nausea
7. Diarrhoea
8. Fever
9. Somnolence
Contra-indications of Nevirapine
1. Hypersensitivity to Nevirapine
Special Precautions while taking Nevirapine
1. Renal impairment
2. Hepatic impairment
Pregnancy Related Information
Contraindicated
Old Age Related Information
Use with caution
Breast Feeding Related Information
Contraindicated
Children Related Information
Use with caution
NEONATES: Contraindicated
Indications for Nevirapine
1. HIV-1 infection
Interactions for Nevirapine
Analgesics : Possible reduction in plasma concentration of methadone.
Antibacterials: Rifampicin and Rifabutin reduce plasma concentration of nevirapine
Antidepressants: Plasma concentration of nevirapine reduced by St. John?s Wort.
Other antivirals: Nevirapine reduces plasma concentration of saquinavir also plasma concentration of indinavir and possibly amprenavir and lopinavir.
Oestrogen and progestogens: Reduced contraceptive effect of oral and other hormonal contraceptives.
Typical Dosage for Nevirapine
Adult: 200 mg / day for 2 weeks followed by 400 mg / day in 2 divided doses along with other antiretroviral agents
Children > 2 months: 4 mg / kg body weight / day in single dose for 2 weeks followed by 8 - 14 mg / kg body weight / day in 2 divided doses; depending on the age of the patient the dose is selected by the treating specialist
Maximum daily dose: 400 mg
Schedule of Nevirapine
H
Storage Requirements for Nevirapine
Store at 15 - 30 degree C in a tightly closed container. Protect away from heat and light. Keep out of the reach of children.
Effects of Missed Dosage of Nevirapine
Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time to take the next dose then skip the missed dose
Effects of Overdose of Nevirapine
Give supportive measures and treatment.

Home Delivery for Lamivudine + Zidovudine + Nevirapine in Your City

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Please be aware that you should take lamivudine + zidovudine + nevirapine only if a doctor has recommended or prescribed it. Some or all pharmacies who provide a home delivery service for medicines might insist on a prescription for lamivudine + zidovudine + nevirapine before they complete the sale. You can get this information while placing the order for lamivudine + zidovudine + nevirapine with the pharmacy.

Lamivudine + Zidovudine + Nevirapine is a generic medicine name and there are several brands available for it. Some of the brands for lamivudine + zidovudine + nevirapine might be better known than lamivudine + zidovudine + nevirapine itself. If the pharmacy that's willing to deliver medicines to your home doesn't have lamivudine + zidovudine + nevirapine in stock, you can ask for one of the branded alternatives for lamivudine + zidovudine + nevirapine.