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- Pharmacology For Atenolol + Chlorthalidone
Atenolol + Chlorthalidone Pharmacology
Atenolol + Chlorthalidone
About Atenolol + ChlorthalidoneN/AMechanism of Action of Atenolol + ChlorthalidoneN/APharmacokinets of Atenolol + ChlorthalidoneN/AOnset of Action for Atenolol + ChlorthalidoneN/ADuration of Action for Atenolol + ChlorthalidoneN/AHalf Life of Atenolol + ChlorthalidoneN/ASide Effects of Atenolol + ChlorthalidoneN/AContra-indications of Atenolol + ChlorthalidoneN/ASpecial Precautions while taking Atenolol + ChlorthalidoneN/APregnancy Related InformationContraindicated; Atenolol and Chlorthalidone are contraindicated in pregnancy. So the combination generic is contraindicated in pregnancy.Old Age Related InformationN/ABreast Feeding Related InformationContraindicated; since Atenolol and Chlorthalidone are contraindicated in lactation. So the combination generic is contraindicated in breast feeding.Children Related InformationN/AIndications for Atenolol + ChlorthalidoneBeta blocker and thiazide diuretics are given in combination to treat hypertension.
Atenolol reduces the work load on the heart and Chlorthalidone reduce the hypertension by increasing the flow of urine.
1. Hypertension
Interactions for Atenolol + ChlorthalidoneN/ATypical Dosage for Atenolol + ChlorthalidoneAdult:1 tablet to be taken daily.Schedule of Atenolol + ChlorthalidoneN/AStorage Requirements for Atenolol + ChlorthalidoneN/AEffects of Missed Dosage of Atenolol + ChlorthalidoneN/AEffects of Overdose of Atenolol + ChlorthalidoneN/AAtenolol
About AtenololCardioselective Beta(Beta1 )-adrenergic blocking agent, Antihypertensive,anti anginal.Mechanism of Action of AtenololAtenolol is a cardio selective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist. It has negative chronotropic and negative inotropic effects on heart. It decreases oxygen consumption; cardiac work and aortic pressure. It decreases nor adrenaline and renin releases. It decreases central sympathetic out flow In sympathetic over activity, it prolongs systole by retarding conduction. It increases oxygen supply and exercise tolerance in angina patients. The drug decreases BP in hypertensive individuals; both systolic and diastolic BP is reduced.
Antimigraine action: Atenolol is useful in migraine due to its beta blockade action. Through beta blockade action it inhibits vasodilation and relieves migraine.
Pharmacokinets of AtenololAbsorption: Absorbed orally up to 60%, Distribution: Widely distributed but no CSF penetration Metabolism: A small portion is metabolized in liver. Excretion: Excreted mainly through urine. Remaining portion is excreted through faeces.Onset of Action for Atenolol1hourDuration of Action for AtenololBelow 1dayHalf Life of Atenolol6 - 7 hoursSide Effects of Atenolol1.Heart failure
2.Gastrointestinal problems
3.Nausea
4.Tiredness
5.Sinus bradycardia
6.Depression
7.Rash
8.Dizziess
9.Fatigue
10.Vomiting
11.Diarrhoea
12.Bronchospasm
13.Fever
14.Leg pain
15.Changes in kidney function tests
16.Changes in liver function tests.
Contra-indications of Atenolol1.Hypersensitivity to the drug
2.Second or third degree heart block
3.Heart failure
4.Cardiogenic shock
5.Sinus bradycardia
Special Precautions while taking Atenolol1.Congestive heart failure
2.Hepatic impairment
3.Renal impairment
4.The drug should be gradually withdraw with caution
5.Bronchospastic disorders
6.Diabetes mellitus
7.Hyper thyroidism
Pregnancy Related InformationContraindicatedOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationContraindicatedChildren Related InformationUse with cautionIndications for Atenolol1.Hypertension
2. Angina
3.Myocardial infarction
4.Migraine prophylaxisInteractions for AtenololAlcohol, Anaesthetics, Antidepressants, Anxiolytics, Hypnotics, Cimetidine, Diuretics: Enhanced hypotensive effect.
Analgesics: NSAIDs antagonise hypotensive effect.
Antibacterials (Rifampicin): Reduce plasma concentration of atenolol.
Antidiabetics: Enhanced hypoglycemic effect.
Antihypertensives: Enhanced hypotensive effect, with clonidine there is increased severity of rebound hypertension.
Calcium channel Blockers: increased risk of bradycardia and AV block with diltiazem, severe hypotension and heart failure with verapamil, nifedipine
Cardiac glycosides: Increased AV block and bradycardia.
Cholinergics: Effects antagonised by atenolol.
Corticosteroids: Antagonism of hypotensive effect.
Ergotamine: Increased peripheral vasoconstriction
Sympathomimetics: Severe hypertension with adrenaline and noradrenaline.
Lab. Tests: Interferes with Glucose or insulin tolerence tests.Typical Dosage for AtenololHypertension: Starts with 50mg single dose then gradually increases at weekly intervals to 100mg/day once daily based on patient`s response.
Children: 1 to 1.3 mg/kg/day once daily or as two divided doses
Angina: Starts with 50mg single dose orally, and then gradually increases to 100mg/day based on patient`s response at one week intervals
Maximum dose: 200mg/day
Myocardial infarction: 5mg I.V. over 5minuts twice daily at 10minuts intervals. Then after 10minuts starts oral therapy with 50mg dose. Then 50mg at 12th hour. And increases to 100mg/day once daily or in two divided doses up to 9days
Migraine prophylaxis: 50 - 150mg / day in divided doses
Schedule of AtenololHStorage Requirements for AtenololStore at room temperature and protect from heat, moisture, and direct sunlightEffects of Missed Dosage of AtenololTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of AtenololTreatment is supportive and symptomatic. After ingestion empty the stomach by induced emesis or gastric lavage. Administer activated charcoal to reduce absorptionChlorthalidone
About ChlorthalidoneMonosulfamyl diuretic, long acting phthalimidine derivative, thiazides like diuretic, Antihypertensive/diureticMechanism of Action of ChlorthalidoneIt is long acting phthalimidine derivative exerts thiazides like diuretic action by acting at site-3(central dilating segment of early distal tubule). It binds to Na+-Cl- symporter and inhibits Na+-Cl- symport at the luminal membrane. It has additional carbonic anhydrase inhibitory actions in proximal tubules. It increases natriuresis, kaliuresis and diuresis. It decreases Ca2+ excretion and increases Mg2+ and hence used to correct hypocalcaemia associated with hypoparathyroidism. The antihypertensive actions of the drug may be attributable to depletion of sodium and subsequent reduction in plasma volume and a decrease in peripheral resistance. Decrease in peripheral resistance is due to either the loss of sodium from the arteriolar wall or a direct action on the vascular bed. It is an effective drug in edema associated with congestive heart failure.Pharmacokinets of ChlorthalidoneAbsorption: Slowly absorbed after oral administration. Distribution: It preferentially bound to renal tissues for prolonged periods. Metabolism: It is not significantly metabolized in the body. Excretion: Excreted mainly through urine and a small portion is excreted through bile.Onset of Action for Chlorthalidone1 to 3 hoursDuration of Action for Chlorthalidone48 to 72 hoursHalf Life of Chlorthalidone40 to 50 hoursSide Effects of Chlorthalidone1.Dizziness
2.Nausea
3.Diarrhoea
4.Vomiting
5.Dry mouth
6.Weakness
7.Hypokalaemia
8.Hyponatraemia
9.Hyperuricaemia
10.Elevated levels of glucose, calcium, and lipids
11.Altered liver function tests
12.Altered kidney function tests
13.Gastro intestinal disturbances
14.Impotence
15.Visual impairment
16.Electrolyte imbalance
17.Jaundice
18.Ototoxicity
Contra-indications of Chlorthalidone1.Hypersensitivity to the drug
2.Hypokalaemia
3.Hyperuricaemia
4.Renal impairment
5.Hepatic impairment
6.Anuria
7.Hyponatraemia
8.Hypercalcaemia
9.Addison`s disease
10.Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
Special Precautions while taking Chlorthalidone1.Gout
2.Hepatic diseases
3.Renal impairment
4.Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
5.Hyperlipidaemia
6.Severe heart failure
7.Cirrhosis
8.Diabetes mellitus
9.Ventricular extra systolesPregnancy Related InformationContraindicatedOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationContraindicatedChildren Related InformationUse with cautionIndications for Chlorthalidone1.Hypertension
2.Oedema associated with heart failure
3.Oedema due to renal and hepatic diseases
4.Ascites due to cirrhosis.
Interactions for ChlorthalidoneCholestyramine & Colestipol : decrease absorption of chlorthalidone.
Diazoxide : Additive action may cause hyperglycemia, hyperuricaemia and hypotension.
Digitalis : Diuretic induced hypokalaemia may precipitate digitalis toxicity.
Lithium : Chlorthalidone potentiates therapeutic and toxic effects by decreasing its renal excretion.
Frusemide :Synergy leading to profound diuresis and greater than predicted electrolyte loss.
Non-depolarizing muscle relaxants : Diuretic induced hypokalaemia enhances efficacy.
Sulfonylureas : Efficacy decreased due to chlorthalidone induced glucose intolerance.
Chlorpropamide : Hypokalemia.
Propantheline : Bioavailability of chlorthalidone increased.
Metoclopramide : Bioavailability of chlorthalidone decreased.
NSAID?s : Natriuretic effect of chlorthalidone decreased.Typical Dosage for ChlorthalidoneAdult:
Hypertension: 25mg daily. Increased to 50mg if required; depending up on the patient`s response.
Oedema: Starts with 50mg. Increased to 100 to 200mg on alternate days; if required.
Maintenance dosage: 25 to 50mg daily or on alternate days.
Children: Hypertension:2mg/kg/day; thrice a week.Schedule of ChlorthalidoneGStorage Requirements for ChlorthalidoneStore at a cool dry place; and at a temperature below 30 degree C. in a well closed container.Effects of Missed Dosage of ChlorthalidoneN/AEffects of Overdose of ChlorthalidoneTreatment is supportive and symptomatic. Remove drug from the body by induced emesis and gastric lavage. Monitor and support fluid and electrolyte balance.Home Delivery for Atenolol + Chlorthalidone in Your City
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Atenolol + Chlorthalidone is a generic medicine name and there are several brands available for it. Some of the brands for atenolol + chlorthalidone might be better known than atenolol + chlorthalidone itself. If the pharmacy that's willing to deliver medicines to your home doesn't have atenolol + chlorthalidone in stock, you can ask for one of the branded alternatives for atenolol + chlorthalidone.
