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- Pharmacology For Losartan potassium + Atenolol
Losartan potassium + Atenolol Pharmacology
Losartan potassium + Atenolol
About Losartan potassium + AtenololN/AMechanism of Action of Losartan potassium + AtenololN/APharmacokinets of Losartan potassium + AtenololN/AOnset of Action for Losartan potassium + AtenololN/ADuration of Action for Losartan potassium + AtenololN/AHalf Life of Losartan potassium + AtenololN/ASide Effects of Losartan potassium + AtenololN/AContra-indications of Losartan potassium + AtenololN/ASpecial Precautions while taking Losartan potassium + AtenololN/APregnancy Related InformationN/AOld Age Related InformationN/ABreast Feeding Related InformationN/AChildren Related InformationN/AIndications for Losartan potassium + AtenololN/AInteractions for Losartan potassium + AtenololN/ATypical Dosage for Losartan potassium + AtenololN/ASchedule of Losartan potassium + AtenololN/AStorage Requirements for Losartan potassium + AtenololN/AEffects of Missed Dosage of Losartan potassium + AtenololN/AEffects of Overdose of Losartan potassium + AtenololN/ALosartan Potassium
About Losartan PotassiumAn angiotensin II receptor antagonist, Antihypertensive.Mechanism of Action of Losartan PotassiumIt is a competitive antagonist of angiotensin-2 at AT-1 receptor. It decreases peripheral resistance and lowers BP in hypertensive individuals. It blocks all overt actions of angiotensin-2 such as: - 1. Vasoconstriction, 2. Central & Peripheral sympathetic stimulus, 3. Release of aldosterone and adrenaline, 4. Salt and water reabsorption, 5. Central actions like thirst, vasopressin release, and growth promoting actions on heart and blood vessels.Pharmacokinets of Losartan PotassiumAbsorption: Well absorbed orally, but bioavailability is about 33% due to first pass metabolism.
Distribution: Distributed in to the body in a protein bound form, but there is no brain penetration.
Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver in to active carboxylic acid metabolite and other metabolites.
Excretion: Excreted through faeces and urine.
Onset of Action for Losartan Potassium1 hourDuration of Action for Losartan PotassiumN/AHalf Life of Losartan Potassium2 hours
Half life of active metabolite: 6 to 9 hours
Side Effects of Losartan Potassium1. Hypotension
2. Hyperkalemia
3. Headache
4. Breathlessness
5. Chest pain
6. Sore throat
7. Infections
8. Weakness
9. Dizziness
10. Elevated liver enzyme levels
11. Myalgia
12. Fetopathic
13. Precipitate renal failure in renal artery stenosis, and in insufficient renal blood flow
14. Rashes
15. Insomnia
16. Nightmares
Contra-indications of Losartan Potassium1. Hypersensitivity to the drugSpecial Precautions while taking Losartan Potassium1.Hepatic impairment
2.Renal impairment
3.Heart failure
4.Volume depleted individuals
5.Monitor serum potassium levels and avoid use along with potassium sparing diuretics
6. Avoid driving or operating heavy machinery during therapy
7. Avoid alcohol use during therapy
Pregnancy Related InformationContraindicatedOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationContraindicatedChildren Related InformationContraindicatedIndications for Losartan Potassium1. HypertensionInteractions for Losartan PotassiumDiuretics, other antihypertensives: Potentiate the hypotensive effect of losartan.
Potassium sparing diuretics, potassium suppliments: Risk of hyperkalaemia.
NSAIDs: May blunt hypotensive effect of losartan.
Cytochrome P450 inhibitors like ketoconazole: Increase in AUC of losartan by 18 % but has no effect on its active metabolite.
Phenobarbital: Results in 20% reduction in AUC of losartan and its active metabolite.Typical Dosage for Losartan Potassium25 to 50mg once daily. Gradually increases up to 100mg once daily or as two divided doses.Schedule of Losartan PotassiumHStorage Requirements for Losartan PotassiumStore at room temperature at a range of 15 to 30 degree C. protect from moisture and store in a tightly closed container.Effects of Missed Dosage of Losartan PotassiumTake the missed dose as soon as remember; if it is the time of next dose then skip the missed dose and take the regular dose.Effects of Overdose of Losartan PotassiumTreatment is supportive and symptomatic.Atenolol
About AtenololCardioselective Beta(Beta1 )-adrenergic blocking agent, Antihypertensive,anti anginal.Mechanism of Action of AtenololAtenolol is a cardio selective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist. It has negative chronotropic and negative inotropic effects on heart. It decreases oxygen consumption; cardiac work and aortic pressure. It decreases nor adrenaline and renin releases. It decreases central sympathetic out flow In sympathetic over activity, it prolongs systole by retarding conduction. It increases oxygen supply and exercise tolerance in angina patients. The drug decreases BP in hypertensive individuals; both systolic and diastolic BP is reduced.
Antimigraine action: Atenolol is useful in migraine due to its beta blockade action. Through beta blockade action it inhibits vasodilation and relieves migraine.
Pharmacokinets of AtenololAbsorption: Absorbed orally up to 60%, Distribution: Widely distributed but no CSF penetration Metabolism: A small portion is metabolized in liver. Excretion: Excreted mainly through urine. Remaining portion is excreted through faeces.Onset of Action for Atenolol1hourDuration of Action for AtenololBelow 1dayHalf Life of Atenolol6 - 7 hoursSide Effects of Atenolol1.Heart failure
2.Gastrointestinal problems
3.Nausea
4.Tiredness
5.Sinus bradycardia
6.Depression
7.Rash
8.Dizziess
9.Fatigue
10.Vomiting
11.Diarrhoea
12.Bronchospasm
13.Fever
14.Leg pain
15.Changes in kidney function tests
16.Changes in liver function tests.
Contra-indications of Atenolol1.Hypersensitivity to the drug
2.Second or third degree heart block
3.Heart failure
4.Cardiogenic shock
5.Sinus bradycardia
Special Precautions while taking Atenolol1.Congestive heart failure
2.Hepatic impairment
3.Renal impairment
4.The drug should be gradually withdraw with caution
5.Bronchospastic disorders
6.Diabetes mellitus
7.Hyper thyroidism
Pregnancy Related InformationContraindicatedOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationContraindicatedChildren Related InformationUse with cautionIndications for Atenolol1.Hypertension
2. Angina
3.Myocardial infarction
4.Migraine prophylaxisInteractions for AtenololAlcohol, Anaesthetics, Antidepressants, Anxiolytics, Hypnotics, Cimetidine, Diuretics: Enhanced hypotensive effect.
Analgesics: NSAIDs antagonise hypotensive effect.
Antibacterials (Rifampicin): Reduce plasma concentration of atenolol.
Antidiabetics: Enhanced hypoglycemic effect.
Antihypertensives: Enhanced hypotensive effect, with clonidine there is increased severity of rebound hypertension.
Calcium channel Blockers: increased risk of bradycardia and AV block with diltiazem, severe hypotension and heart failure with verapamil, nifedipine
Cardiac glycosides: Increased AV block and bradycardia.
Cholinergics: Effects antagonised by atenolol.
Corticosteroids: Antagonism of hypotensive effect.
Ergotamine: Increased peripheral vasoconstriction
Sympathomimetics: Severe hypertension with adrenaline and noradrenaline.
Lab. Tests: Interferes with Glucose or insulin tolerence tests.Typical Dosage for AtenololHypertension: Starts with 50mg single dose then gradually increases at weekly intervals to 100mg/day once daily based on patient`s response.
Children: 1 to 1.3 mg/kg/day once daily or as two divided doses
Angina: Starts with 50mg single dose orally, and then gradually increases to 100mg/day based on patient`s response at one week intervals
Maximum dose: 200mg/day
Myocardial infarction: 5mg I.V. over 5minuts twice daily at 10minuts intervals. Then after 10minuts starts oral therapy with 50mg dose. Then 50mg at 12th hour. And increases to 100mg/day once daily or in two divided doses up to 9days
Migraine prophylaxis: 50 - 150mg / day in divided doses
Schedule of AtenololHStorage Requirements for AtenololStore at room temperature and protect from heat, moisture, and direct sunlightEffects of Missed Dosage of AtenololTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of AtenololTreatment is supportive and symptomatic. After ingestion empty the stomach by induced emesis or gastric lavage. Administer activated charcoal to reduce absorptionHome Delivery for Losartan potassium + Atenolol in Your City
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