Acetazolamide Pharmacology
Acetazolamide
Diuretic action: The inhibition of carbonic anhydrase at proximal renal tubules resulting in slowing of hydration of carbon dioxide which leads to decreased availability of H+ to exchange with luminal sodium. Inhibition of brush border carbonic anhydrase retards dehydration of carbonic acid in the tubular fluid so that less carbon dioxide diffuses back in to the cells. Thus inhibits bicarbonate and Na+ reabsorption in proximal tubules. It also inhibits secretion of H+ in collecting duct and distal tubule. K+ is also lost in excess due to Na+ exchange in distal tubule takes place only with potassium. The drug promotes excretion of bicarbonate, sodium, potassium and water.
Anti glaucomal action: By inhibiting carbonic anhydrase in ciliary body of eye it reduces aqueous formation by limiting generation of bicarbonate in the ciliary epithelium lowers intraocular tension.
Anticonvulsant action: By inhibiting carbonic anhydrase in the brain it increases the carbon dioxide levels in brain which leads to increased acidity and raising seizure threshold.
Vertigo: Diuretics are used in vertigo in assumption that vertigo is due to endolymphatic hydrops. They reduce labyrinthine fluid pressure.
Anti altitude sickness agent: It shortens the period of high altitude acclimatization by preventing conversion of carbon dioxide in to bicarbonate it increase carbon dioxide tension in tissues and decreases it in lungs
2.Taste disturbances
3.Hypokalemia
4.Acidosis
5.Blurred vision
6.Headache
7.Drowsiness
8.Paresthesia
9. Fatigue
10.Abdominal discomfort
11.Nausea
12.Fever
13.Rashes
14.Allergic reactions
15.Bone marrow depression(rare)
16.Ototoxicity
2.Hyponatremia
3.Hypokalemia
4.Renal impairment
5.Hepatic impairment
6.Adrenal insufficiency
7.Long term management of non congestive chronic angle closure glaucoma
8.Hyperchloremic acidosis.
2.Sickle cell anaemia
3.Gout
4.Hypesensitivity to Sulfonamides
5.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders
6.Emphysem
7.Respiratory acidosis
8.Along with other diuretics
2.Edema in heart failure
3.Open angle glaucoma
4.Acute angle closure glaucoma
5.Acute mountain sickness
6.Benign intracranial hypertension.
7.Vertigo
Digitalis: Digitals toxicity since it induces hypokalemia
Primidone: May delay absorption.
Salicylates: Salicylate toxicity due to metabolic acidosis.
Corticosteroids: Hypokalemia.
Lithium: Efficacy diminished.
Sulfonamides: Aids penetration across Blood/CSF barrier.
Folic acid antagonists, Oral hypoglycaemic agents, Mercurial diuretics and Oral anticoagulants: May potentiate effect.
Lab Test: Urinary Proteins Determination - False positive results.
Epilepsy: Adults & Children: 8 to 30mg/kg/day in 2 to four divided doses.
Edema in heart failure: 250 to 375mg daily in the morning
Children: 5mg/kg/day orally or I.V. in the morning.
Acute mountain sickness: 250 mg 2 to 3 times daily or 500mg extended release formulation twice daily take 48 hours before ascent and continue until 48 hours after arrival at high altitude.
Home Delivery for Acetazolamide in Your City
Medicine India is just a publishing medium for medicine related information and does not provide services or sales of medicines including acetazolamide.
However, we do publish a comprehensive directory of Pharmacies, Chemists and Druggists in cities all over India. You can use this directory to find the medicine stores in your city (or area) that provide home delivery services for acetazolamide and other medicines and health products. Home delivery services for acetazolamide may be free or they may cost you depending on the pharmacy and the minimum order requirements. It would be best to get this clarified while placing the order.
Please be aware that you should take acetazolamide only if a doctor has recommended or prescribed it. Some or all pharmacies who provide a home delivery service for medicines might insist on a prescription for acetazolamide before they complete the sale. You can get this information while placing the order for acetazolamide with the pharmacy.
Acetazolamide is a generic medicine name and there are several brands available for it. Some of the brands for acetazolamide might be better known than acetazolamide itself. If the pharmacy that's willing to deliver medicines to your home doesn't have acetazolamide in stock, you can ask for one of the branded alternatives for acetazolamide.
