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- Pharmacology For Pholcodine + Promethazine
Pholcodine + Promethazine Pharmacology
Pholcodine + Promethazine
About Pholcodine + PromethazineN/AMechanism of Action of Pholcodine + PromethazineN/APharmacokinets of Pholcodine + PromethazineN/AOnset of Action for Pholcodine + PromethazineN/ADuration of Action for Pholcodine + PromethazineN/AHalf Life of Pholcodine + PromethazineN/ASide Effects of Pholcodine + PromethazineN/AContra-indications of Pholcodine + PromethazineN/ASpecial Precautions while taking Pholcodine + PromethazineN/APregnancy Related InformationN/AOld Age Related InformationN/ABreast Feeding Related InformationN/AChildren Related InformationN/AIndications for Pholcodine + PromethazineN/AInteractions for Pholcodine + PromethazineN/ATypical Dosage for Pholcodine + PromethazineN/ASchedule of Pholcodine + PromethazineN/AStorage Requirements for Pholcodine + PromethazineN/AEffects of Missed Dosage of Pholcodine + PromethazineN/AEffects of Overdose of Pholcodine + PromethazineN/APholcodine
About PholcodineA semi-synthetic opioid alkaloid , Antitussive.Mechanism of Action of PholcodinePholcodine citrate is a longer acting opioid antitussive drug which raises threshold of cough centre and suppresses the cough reflex. It selectively and directly acts on cough centre and suppresses cough. It is devoid of addicting actions.Pharmacokinets of PholcodineAbsorption: Well absorbed orally, Distribution: Widely distributed in the body, Metabolism: Metabolized in liver.Onset of Action for PholcodineN/ADuration of Action for Pholcodinemore than12 hoursHalf Life of Pholcodine32 to 43 hoursSide Effects of Pholcodine1. Nausea
2.Drowsiness
3.Dizziness
4.Constipation
5.Rashes
6.Sputum retention.
Contra-indications of Pholcodine1. Hypersensitivity to the drug
2.Patients with severely decreased respiratory reserve
3.Patients currently taking MAO inhibitors or within two weeks of discontinuing MAO inhibitors.
Special Precautions while taking Pholcodine1.Renal impairment
2.Hepatic impairment
3.Breathing problems or pulmonary disorders
4.Persistent cough requires medical supervision
5.Avoid alcohol
6.Along with sedative drugs
Pregnancy Related InformationContraindicatedOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationUse with cautionChildren Related InformationMay be used
Children (below 1year): ContraindicatedIndications for Pholcodine1. Nonproductive cough.Interactions for PholcodineN/ATypical Dosage for PholcodineAvailable as 5mg/5ml syrup and 2mg/5ml (Pediatric syrup)
Oral:
Adults: 10 to 15mg twice daily
Children (6 to12years): 2 to 4mg thrice daily. Do not exceed more than 10mg in 24 hours.
Children (1 to6years): 2mg thrice daily. Do not exceed more than 6mg in 24 hours
Schedule of PholcodineHStorage Requirements for PholcodineStore at room temperature below 30 degree C. Protect from light. Keep out of reach of children.Effects of Missed Dosage of PholcodineTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of PholcodineEstablish adequate respiratory exchange via a patent airway and ventilation as needed. Administer opioid antagonist Naloxone to reverse respiratory depression use repeatedly as required. (Naloxone shouldn`t be administered unless patient has clinically significant respiratory or cardiovascular depression.). Closely monitor vital parameters and correct fluid and electrolyte balance. Provide symptomatic and supportive treatment.Promethazine
About PromethazineA first-generation H1 antagonist, a phenothiazine derivative, Antihistamine,antiemetic,sedative.Mechanism of Action of PromethazineAntiallergic actions: Promethazine mainly acts on H1 receptor. It competes with Histamine for H1 receptor. It does not affect the release of Histamine. It blocks the Histamine actions on smooth muscles (GIT, uterus, blood vessel & bronchi) and reduces Histamine induced excess salivary secretion. It has anticholinergic actions. Promethazine produces sedation by inhibiting the stimuli to the brain stem reticular system.
Antiemetic and Antivertigo actions: The central antimuscarinic actions of antihistamines are responsible for their antivertigo and antiemetic effects. They suppress end organ receptors or inhibit central cholinergic action. It also acts on Chemoreceptor trigger zone.
Migraine: Promethazine is used in migraine due to its sedative as well as antiemetic actions.
Anaesthetic adjuncts: Promethazine is used as anaesthetic adjunct due to its sedative, antiemetic and anticholinergic properties.
Pharmacokinets of PromethazineAbsorption: It is well absorbed after oral administration. Distribution: It is distributed widely in the body. Metabolism: It is metabolised in the liver .Excretion: It is excreted mainly through urine. Small amount of drug is excreted through faeces and breast milk.Onset of Action for Promethazine15 - 60 minutesDuration of Action for Promethazine12 hoursHalf Life of Promethazine10 - 15 hoursSide Effects of Promethazine1. Tardive dyskinesia
2. Extrapyramidal reactions
3. Drowsiness
4. Sedation
5. Dizzines
6. Hypotension
7. Dry mouth
8. Constipation
9 .Blurred vision
10. Agranulocytosis
11. Photosensitivity
12. Insomnia
13. Weight gain
14. Cholestatic jaundiceContra-indications of Promethazine1.Hypersensitivity to Promethazine
2.Comatose
3.Blood dyscrasias
4.Patient taking antidepressants
5.Liver damageSpecial Precautions while taking Promethazine1. Renal impairment
2. Hepatic impairment
3. Cardiovascular disease
4. Pheochromocytoma
5. Hypocalcaemia
6. Epilepsy
7. Cholestatic jaundice
8. Patient exposed to extreme heat or cold or phosphorus insecticides
9. Ceribrovascular disorder
10. Patient on ECT
11. Reaction to Insulin
12. Prostatic hyperplasia
13. Glaucoma
14. Peptic ulcer
15. Slowly withdraw the drug with caution
Pregnancy Related InformationContraindicatedOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationContraindicatedChildren Related InformationUse with caution
CHILDREN (below 2 years): Contraindicated
NEONATES: Contraindicated
Indications for Promethazine1. Motion sickness
2. Nausea
3. Sedation
4. Allergy
5. Migraine
6. Vertigo
7. Anticough ingredient
8. Anaesthetic adjuncts
Interactions for PromethazineAlcohol: CNS depression, extrapyramidal reactions.
Aluminium salts: Decrease efficacy.
Antacids should be given 1 hour before or 2 hours after promethazine.
Anticholinergics: Decrease efficacy and increase the anticholinergic side-effects of promethazine.
Barbiturates: Decrease efficacy.
Barbiturate anaesthetics: Increase frequency and severity of neuromuscular excitation and hypotension.
Bromocriptine: Efficacy decreased by promethazine.
Charcoal: Prevents absorption of promethazine.
Lithium: Disorientation, unconsciousness and extrapyramidal symptoms.
Meperidine: Excessive sedation and hypotension.
TCAs: Serum concentration increased by promethazine.
Propranolol: Increased plasma levels of both drugs.
MAOIs: Additive orthostatic hypotensive effect.
Lab tests: Pregnancy tests: False positive results.
Plasma bound iodine (PBI): Increase in PBI occurs.Typical Dosage for PromethazineAdult:
Motion sickness: 50 mg / day in 2 divided dose
Allergy: 25 mg at bed time
Nausea: 12.5 - 25 mg / day
Sedation: 25 - 50 mg at bed time
Children:
Motion sickness: 12.5 - 25 mg / day
Allergy: 6.25 - 12. 5 mg 3 times a day
Sedation: 12.5 - 25 mg at bed time
Schedule of PromethazineGStorage Requirements for PromethazineThe drug should be kept at 15 - 25 degree C in a tightly closed container. Protect from heat and light. Keep out of the reach of childrenEffects of Missed Dosage of PromethazineTake the missed dose as soon s noticed and if it is the time to take the next dose then skip the missed dose.Effects of Overdose of PromethazineGive supportive measures and treatment. Gastric lavage has to be done. Hypotension can be treated with IV fluids, seizure with Diazepam or Barbiturates, arrhythmia with Phenytoin and excretion of drug can be increased by acidification of urine.Home Delivery for Pholcodine + Promethazine in Your City
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However, we do publish a comprehensive directory of Pharmacies, Chemists and Druggists in cities all over India. You can use this directory to find the medicine stores in your city (or area) that provide home delivery services for pholcodine + promethazine and other medicines and health products. Home delivery services for pholcodine + promethazine may be free or they may cost you depending on the pharmacy and the minimum order requirements. It would be best to get this clarified while placing the order.
Please be aware that you should take pholcodine + promethazine only if a doctor has recommended or prescribed it. Some or all pharmacies who provide a home delivery service for medicines might insist on a prescription for pholcodine + promethazine before they complete the sale. You can get this information while placing the order for pholcodine + promethazine with the pharmacy.
Pholcodine + Promethazine is a generic medicine name and there are several brands available for it. Some of the brands for pholcodine + promethazine might be better known than pholcodine + promethazine itself. If the pharmacy that's willing to deliver medicines to your home doesn't have pholcodine + promethazine in stock, you can ask for one of the branded alternatives for pholcodine + promethazine.
