Glipizide Pharmacology

Glipizide

About Glipizide

Second generation sulfonylurea, Pyrazine derivative, Medium-to-long acting Oral Antidiabetic Agent.

Mechanism of Action of Glipizide

It is a potent antidiabetic drug which exerts it`s action by increasing insulin release from the pancreas and by improving glucose tolerance. It acts on the "sulfonylurea receptors" on pancreatic ?-cell membrane and reduces conductance of ATP sensitive K+ channels and thus causes depolarization. This enhances Ca2+ influx and degranultion and thus increases insulin secretion rate at any glucose concentration. It primarily increases 2nd phase insulin secretion and has little effect on 1st phase. It also slows hepatic degradation of insulin and minor action of reducing glucagon release and increasing Somatostatin release. It also exerts extrapancreatic action; by sensitizing the target tissues such as liver to insulin action. It increases the number of insulin receptors and through a post receptor action improving translation of receptor activation.

Pharmacokinets of Glipizide

Absorption: Well absorbed orally.
Distribution: Distributed in a protein bound form.
Metabolism: Completely metabolized in to inactive metabolites in liver.
Excretion: Excreted mainly through urine and also through faeces as metabolites.

Onset of Action for Glipizide

60 to 90 minutes

Duration of Action for Glipizide

12 to 18 hours

Half Life of Glipizide

3 to 5 hours

Side Effects of Glipizide

1. Hypoglycemia
2. Nausea
3. Vomiting
4. Diarrhoea
5. Constipation
6. Headache
7. Paresthesia
8. Hypersensitivity reactions
9. Rashes
10. Photosensitivity
11. Purpura
12. Transient leucopenia
13. Agranulocytosis

Contra-indications of Glipizide

1. Hypersensitivity to the drug
2. Diabetic ketoacidosis
3. Diabetic coma
4. Renal impairment
5. Hepatic impairment
6. Juvenile diabetes mellitus
7. Stress

Special Precautions while taking Glipizide

1. Malnourished and deliberate individuals
2. Strenous exercise and irregular meals may leads to hypoglycemia
3. Hepatic diseases
4. Renal diseases

Pregnancy Related Information

Contraindicated

Old Age Related Information

Use with caution

Breast Feeding Related Information

Contraindicated

Children Related Information

Contraindicated

Indications for Glipizide

1. Non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

Interactions for Glipizide

Hypoglycaemic effect of glipizide is enhanced by: Anticoagulants, Androgens, Chloramphenicol, Clofibrate, Fenfluramine, Fluconazole, Gemfibrozil, Histamine H2 antagonists, Magnesium Salts, Methyldopa, MAOIs, Phenylbutazone, Probenecid, Salicylates, Sulfinpyrazone, Sulfonamides, TCAs, & Urinary acidifiers.
Hypoglycemic effect of glipizide inhibited by the following drugs: Beta-blockers, Cholestyramine, Diazoxide, Hydantoins, Rifampicin, Thiazide diuretics & Urinary alkalisers.
Charcoal: Reduces the absorption of glipizide thus reducing its efficacy or toxicity.
Digitalis glycosides: Coadministration results in increased digitalis serum levels.

Typical Dosage for Glipizide

Oral: Starts with 2.5 to 5mg daily; 30 minutes prior to breakfast. Adjust the dosage by increments of 2.5 to 5mg at weekly intervals up to 15mg/day as required.

Schedule of Glipizide

N/A

Storage Requirements for Glipizide

Store at room temperature at a range of 15 to 30 degree C. in a well closed container. Protect from excess heat and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.

Effects of Missed Dosage of Glipizide

Take the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.

Effects of Overdose of Glipizide

Mild hypoglycemia can be treated with oral glucose and dosage adjustment. It there is loss of consciousness or neurological findings the patient should receive rapid injection of dextrose 50%; followed by continuous infusion of dextrose 10% at a rate to maintain blood glucose levels greater than 100mg/dl. Monitor patient for 24 to 48 hours.

Home Delivery for Glipizide in Your City

Medicine India is just a publishing medium for medicine related information and does not provide services or sales of medicines including glipizide.

However, we do publish a comprehensive directory of Pharmacies, Chemists and Druggists in cities all over India. You can use this directory to find the medicine stores in your city (or area) that provide home delivery services for glipizide and other medicines and health products. Home delivery services for glipizide may be free or they may cost you depending on the pharmacy and the minimum order requirements. It would be best to get this clarified while placing the order.

Please be aware that you should take glipizide only if a doctor has recommended or prescribed it. Some or all pharmacies who provide a home delivery service for medicines might insist on a prescription for glipizide before they complete the sale. You can get this information while placing the order for glipizide with the pharmacy.

Glipizide is a generic medicine name and there are several brands available for it. Some of the brands for glipizide might be better known than glipizide itself. If the pharmacy that's willing to deliver medicines to your home doesn't have glipizide in stock, you can ask for one of the branded alternatives for glipizide.