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- Pharmacology For Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + Prochlorperazine
Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + Prochlorperazine Pharmacology
Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + Prochlorperazine
About Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + ProchlorperazineN/AMechanism of Action of Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + ProchlorperazineN/APharmacokinets of Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + ProchlorperazineN/AOnset of Action for Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + ProchlorperazineN/ADuration of Action for Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + ProchlorperazineN/AHalf Life of Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + ProchlorperazineN/ASide Effects of Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + ProchlorperazineN/AContra-indications of Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + ProchlorperazineN/ASpecial Precautions while taking Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + ProchlorperazineN/APregnancy Related InformationContraindicatedOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationContraindicatedChildren Related InformationContraindicatedIndications for Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + Prochlorperazine1.Migraine
2.Vertigo
Interactions for Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + ProchlorperazineN/ATypical Dosage for Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + ProchlorperazineN/ASchedule of Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + ProchlorperazineN/AStorage Requirements for Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + ProchlorperazineN/AEffects of Missed Dosage of Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + ProchlorperazineN/AEffects of Overdose of Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + ProchlorperazineN/AErgotamine
About ErgotamineErgot alkaloid, Alpha-adrenergic agonist, Anti migraine.Mechanism of Action of ErgotamineErgotamine produces its therapeutic effects by constricting the dilated cranial vessel. Ergotamine reduces shunting of blood flow from carotid artery by specific constriction of the AV shunt channel and is useful in the treatment of migraine. Ergotamine is used in migraine unresponsive to non-opioid analgesics.
Ergotamine is an alpha adrenergic blocking agent with a direct stimulating effect on the smooth muscle of peripheral and cranial blood vessels. It produces serotonin antagonistic activity and depresses the vasomotor centre.
Pharmacokinets of ErgotamineAbsorption: Ergotamine is well absorbed after inhalation and rapidly and incompletely after oral administration. Its bioavailability is very low since it undergoes extensive first pass metabolism. Distribution: It is widely distributed in the body in protein bound form. Metabolism: It undergoes metabolism in the liver. Excretion: Drug and its metabolites are excreted primarily in bile and very small amount in urine also.Onset of Action for ErgotamineWith in 30 minutesDuration of Action for Ergotamine36 hoursHalf Life of Ergotamine2.7 hours & 21 hoursSide Effects of Ergotamine1.Nausea
2.Vomiting
3.Abdominal discomfort
4.Tingling in fingers and toes
5.Pre-cordial distress and pain
6.Muscle pain
7.Pruritis
Contra-indications of Ergotamine1.Hypersensitivity to Ergotamine
2.Coronary vascular disease
3.Hypertension
4.Peripheral and occlusive vascular diseases
5.Sepsis
6.Renal impairment
7.Hepatic impairment
8.Ischemic heart diseases
Special Precautions while taking Ergotamine1.Avoid alcohol and smoking
2.Drug should be discontinued at once after the occurrence of tingling in the fingers or toes
Pregnancy Related InformationContraidicatedOld Age Related InformationUse with caution.Breast Feeding Related InformationUse with caution.Children Related InformationContraindicated.
NEONATES: contraindicatedIndications for Ergotamine1. Prevention of vascular headache, migraine and cluster headacheInteractions for ErgotamineBeta-Blockers, Methysergide & Smoking: Increased risk of vascular occlusion due to peripheral ischaemia.
Oral Contraceptives: Risk of thrombosis increased.
Marcrolides: Acute ergotism manifested as peripheral ischaemia.
Vasodilators: Dangerous hypertension may occur.
Sympathomimetic Agents like Adrenaline: Enhance vasoconstrictor effects.Typical Dosage for ErgotamineAdult:
Oral/sublingual: Initial dose: 2 mg repeat 1 - 2 mg every 30 minutes if needed.
Maximum daily dose: 6 mg / day
Maximum weekly dose: 10 mg / week
Inhalations: Initial dose: 1inhalations repeat the same dose after 5 minutes if necessary.
Maximum dose: 6 inhalations / day or 15 inhalations / week.
Suppositories: Initial dose: 2 mg per rectum repeat after 60 minutes if needed.
Maximum dose: 2 suppositories /day or 5 suppositories/ week.
Schedule of ErgotamineHStorage Requirements for ErgotamineStore at 25 degree C in a tightly closed container. Protect from heat and light. Keep out of the reach of childrenEffects of Missed Dosage of ErgotamineTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of ErgotamineGive supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. Drug can be removed from the body by gastric lavage or by inducing vomiting. Absorption of the drug can be reduced by administration of activated charcoal. Convulsions can be treated by parenteral Diazepam administration. Dialysis can be done if necessary.Caffeine
About CaffeineXanthine alkaloid, Central stimulant and metabolic stimulant.Mechanism of Action of CaffeineBecause caffeine is both water-soluble and lipid-soluble, it readily crosses the blood?brain barrier .Caffeine stimulates medullary, vagal, vasomotor, and respiratory centers, promoting bradycardia, vasoconstriction, and increased respiratory rate. Xanthines such as caffeine act as antagonists at adenosine-receptors within the plasma membrane of virtually every cell. As adenosine acts as an autocoid, inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters from presynaptic sites but augmenting the actions of norepinephrine or angiotensin, antagonism of adenosine receptors promotes neurotransmitter release. This explains the stimulatory effects of caffeine. Blockade of the adenosine A1 receptor in the heart leads to the accelerated, pronounced "pounding" of the heart upon caffeine intake.Pharmacokinets of Caffeine1.Absorption:Readily absorbed after oral or parenteral administration, C max is 5 to 25 mcg/mL; T max is 15 to 120 min.
2.Distribution:Widely distributed,Protein binding Low (25 to 36%).
3.Metabolism:Hepatic cytochrome P450 1A2
4.Elimination: Renal;In young infants, the elimination of caffeine is much slower than that in adults due to immature hepatic and/or renal function.
Onset of Action for CaffeineN/ADuration of Action for CaffeineN/AHalf Life of Caffeine3 to 7 hours in adults, 65 to 130 hours in neonatesSide Effects of Caffeine1.Insomnia
2.Nervousness or anxiety
3.Irritability
4.Nausea
5.Headache
Contra-indications of Caffeine1.Hyper sensitivity
2.Caffeine and sodium benzoate solution in pediatrics.
Special Precautions while taking Caffeine1.Heart disease
2.Kidney disease
3.Liver disease
4.Stomach problems (e.g., peptic ulcers, necrotizing enterocolitis)
5.Seizures.
Pregnancy Related InformationUse with cautionOld Age Related InformationMay be usedBreast Feeding Related InformationUse with cautionChildren Related InformationNot recommended uder 12years of ageIndications for Caffeine1.Orthostatic hypotension
2.Short term treatment of apnea of prematurity in infants
3.Fatigue and drowsiness
4.Analgesia
5.Respiratory depression.
Interactions for Caffeine1.Aspirin, clozapine, theophylline :Plasma levels of these agents may be elevated by caffeine, increasing their pharmacologic effects and adverse reactions.
2.Cimetidine, disulfiram, fluoroquinolones, mexiletine, oral contraceptives :May increase caffeine levels, enhancing the effects.
3.Lithium :Plasma levels may be reduced by caffeine, decreasing the pharmacologic effect.
4.Phenytoin, smoking :May decrease caffeine levels.
Typical Dosage for Caffeine1.Fatigue/Drowsiness :Oral:100 to 200 mg every 3 to 4 h as needed.
2.Apnea of Prematurity
Preterm infants Loading dose: (caffeine citrate) IV 20 mg/kg (1?mL/kg) over 30 min once.
Maintenance dose: (caffeine citrate) IV (over 10?min) or PO 5 mg/kg (0.25 mL/kg) every 24?h.
Schedule of CaffeineN/AStorage Requirements for CaffeineStore caffeine at room temperature, between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C), in a tightly closed container. Store away from heat, moisture, and light.
Effects of Missed Dosage of CaffeineN/AEffects of Overdose of Caffeine1.Get immediate medical attention
2.Symptoms of overdose may include agitation; anxiety; confusion; frequent urination; irregular or fast heartbeat; muscle twitching; ringing in the ears; seizures; stomach pain; trouble sleeping.
Paracetamol
About ParacetamolAcetanilide derivative, Non narcotic Analgesic,Antipyretic.Mechanism of Action of ParacetamolParacetamol has analgesic and antipyretic action.
It is more active on cyclo-oxygenase enzyme in brain. Peripherally it is a poor inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis.
Analgesic action: Paracetamol raises the pain threshold and produces analgesic effect.
Antipyretic action: Paracetamol lowers fever by direct action on the thermoregulatory centre in the Hypothalamus and block the effects of endogenous pyrogen.
Pharmacokinets of ParacetamolAbsorption: Paracetamol is rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration.
Distribution: It is distributed mostly in the body in unbound form.
Metabolism: It is extensively metabolised in the liver.
Excretion: Excreted in the urine.
Onset of Action for Paracetamol30 - 60 minutesDuration of Action for Paracetamol6 hoursHalf Life of Paracetamol1-4 hoursSide Effects of Paracetamol1. Nausea
2. Abdominal distress
3. Allergic reactions
4. Rash
Contra-indications of Paracetamol1. Hypersensitivity to ParacetamolSpecial Precautions while taking Paracetamol1. Hepatic impairment
2. Renal impairment
3. Hypertension
Pregnancy Related InformationUse with cautionOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationUse with cautionChildren Related InformationUse with caution
NEONATES : Contraindicated
Indications for Paracetamol1. To relieve pain and fever
2. Acute gout
3. Migraine
Interactions for ParacetamolCholestyramine: Reduces absorption of paracetamol.
Charcoal: Activated, administered immediately reduces absorption of paracetamol.
Domperidone and metochlopramide: Enhance absorption of paracetamol.
Alcohol: Chronic excessive ingestion of alcohol potentiates hepatotoxicity of paracetamol.
Zidovudine: Effects zidovudine may be decreased.Typical Dosage for ParacetamolAdult:
500 - 1000 mg in 3 times daily
Maximum dose: 4 g / day
For migraine: 500 mg to be taken at the first sign of migraine attack and repeated 4 - 6 hourly until suppress mild attacks.
Children:
60 mg / kg body weight /day in 4 divided doses.
Schedule of ParacetamolHStorage Requirements for ParacetamolStore at 15-30 degree C in a tightly closed container. Protect from heat and moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.Effects of Missed Dosage of ParacetamolTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of ParacetamolGive supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. Drug can be removed from the body by gastric lavage or by inducing emesis. Absorption of the drug can be reduced by administration of activated charcoal. N-acetylcysteine is the specific antidote for Paracetamol poisoning. Dose: 150 mg /kg body weight as IV infusion over 15 minutes followed by same dose over 20 hours.
Maintenance dose: 75 mg / kg orally every 4 - 6 hours for 2 - 3 days. Haemodialysis can be done in emergency conditions.
Prochlorperazine
About ProchlorperazineFirst-Generation Antipsychotic, Phenothiazine derivative, Antiemetic, Antipsychotic,anxiolytic.Mechanism of Action of ProchlorperazineAntipsychotic action: Prochlorperazine binds to the dopamine receptor (D1, D2, D3 &D4).It exerts its antipsychotic activity by blocking the dopamine projections in the limbic system and in mesocortical area. Peripherally and centrally it acts as a competitive Dopamine antagonist. Prochlorperazine also produces alpha adrenergic blocking activity and anticholinergic activity. It also produces weak H1 antihistaminic activity and anti serotonin activity.
Antiemetic action: Antiemetic activity is by blocking dopamine receptor (D2 receptor) in the Chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)
Migraine: Prochlorperazine has been used in migraine to control severe nausea and vomiting unresponsive to Antiemetics and to relieve the pain of severe migraine attacks unresponsive to parenteral Dihydroergotamine or Sumatriptan.
Vertigo: Prochlorperazine are also used in vertigo to control associated vomiting.
Pharmacokinets of ProchlorperazineAbsorption: It is absorbed after oral administration. Rate and extent of absorption of drug varies with route of administration. Distribution: It is distributed widely in the body in protein bound form. Metabolism: It is metabolised in the liver .Excretion: It is excreted mainly through urine. Small amount of drug is excreted through faeces and breast milk.
Onset of Action for Prochlorperazine30 - 40 minutesDuration of Action for Prochlorperazine3 - 6 hoursHalf Life of Prochlorperazine6.8 - 7 hoursSide Effects of Prochlorperazine1. Tardive dyskinesia
2. Extrapyramidal reactions
3. Drowsiness
4. Sedation
5. Dizziness
6. Hypotension
7. Dry mouth
8. Constipation
9. Blurred vision
10. Cholestatic jaundice
11. Thrombocytopenia
12. Haemolytic anaemia
13. Agranulocytosis
14. Anorexia
15. Insomnia
16. Weight gain
17. Photosensitivity
Contra-indications of Prochlorperazine1.Hypersensitivity to Prochlorperazine and other Phenothiazines
2.Comatose
3.Blood dyscrasias
4.Patient taking antidepressants
5.During pediatric surgery
6.Alcoholics
Special Precautions while taking Prochlorperazine1. Renal impairment
2. Hepatic impairment
3. Cardiovascular disease
4. Pheochromocytoma
5. Parkinsons disease
6. Epilepsy
7. Glaucoma
8. Prostatic hyperplasia
9. Patient exposed to extreme heat
Pregnancy Related InformationContraindicatedOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationContraindicated
Children Related InformationUse with caution
Below 2 years : Contraindicated
Indications for Prochlorperazine1. Antiemetic
2. Treatment of vertigo
3. Psychoses
4. Migraine
5. Anxiety
Interactions for ProchlorperazineAlcohol: CNS depression, extrapyramidal reactions.
Aluminium salts: Decrease efficacy. Antacids should be given 1hour before or 2 hours after prochlorperazine.
Anticholinergics: Decrease efficacy and increase the anticholinergic side-effects of prochlorperazine.
Barbiturates: Decrease efficacy.
Barbiturate anaesthetics: Increase frequency and severity of neuromuscular excitation and hypotension.
Bromocriptine: Efficacy decreased by prochlorperazine.
Charcoal: Prevents absorption of prochlorperazine.
Lithium: Disoreintation, unconsciousness and extrapyramidal symptoms.
Meperidine: Excessive sedation and hypotension.
TCAs: Serum concentration increased by prochlorperazine.
Propranolol: Increased plasma levels of both drugs.
MAOIs: Additive orthostatic hypotensive effect.
Lab tests: Pregnancy tests: False positive results.
Plasma bound iodine (PBI): Increase in PBI occurs.Typical Dosage for ProchlorperazineAdult:
Psychoses, Nausea, Vomiting, Migraine and Vertigo15 - 30 mg / day in 3 divided doses
Anxiety: 15 - 20 mg / day in 3 or 4 divided doses
Children: 5 - 10 mg / day in 2 divided doses
Maximum daily dose: 20 mg / day
Schedule of ProchlorperazineHStorage Requirements for ProchlorperazineThe drug should be kept at 15 - 30 degree C in a tightly closed container. Protect from heat and light. Keep out of the reach of childrenEffects of Missed Dosage of ProchlorperazineTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time to take the next dose then skip the missed dose.Effects of Overdose of ProchlorperazineGive supportive measures and symptomatic treatment. Gastric lavage has to be done. Activated charcoal can be given to reduce the absorption of the drug. Hypotension can be treated with IV fluids, seizure with Diazepam or Barbiturates, arrhythmia with Phenytoin and extra pyramidal reactions with Benztropine.Home Delivery for Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + Prochlorperazine in Your City
Medicine India is just a publishing medium for medicine related information and does not provide services or sales of medicines including ergotamine + caffeine + paracetamol + prochlorperazine.
However, we do publish a comprehensive directory of Pharmacies, Chemists and Druggists in cities all over India. You can use this directory to find the medicine stores in your city (or area) that provide home delivery services for ergotamine + caffeine + paracetamol + prochlorperazine and other medicines and health products. Home delivery services for ergotamine + caffeine + paracetamol + prochlorperazine may be free or they may cost you depending on the pharmacy and the minimum order requirements. It would be best to get this clarified while placing the order.
Please be aware that you should take ergotamine + caffeine + paracetamol + prochlorperazine only if a doctor has recommended or prescribed it. Some or all pharmacies who provide a home delivery service for medicines might insist on a prescription for ergotamine + caffeine + paracetamol + prochlorperazine before they complete the sale. You can get this information while placing the order for ergotamine + caffeine + paracetamol + prochlorperazine with the pharmacy.
Ergotamine + Caffeine + Paracetamol + Prochlorperazine is a generic medicine name and there are several brands available for it. Some of the brands for ergotamine + caffeine + paracetamol + prochlorperazine might be better known than ergotamine + caffeine + paracetamol + prochlorperazine itself. If the pharmacy that's willing to deliver medicines to your home doesn't have ergotamine + caffeine + paracetamol + prochlorperazine in stock, you can ask for one of the branded alternatives for ergotamine + caffeine + paracetamol + prochlorperazine.
