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- Pharmacology For Captopril + Hydrochlorothiazide
Captopril + Hydrochlorothiazide Pharmacology
Captopril + Hydrochlorothiazide
About Captopril + HydrochlorothiazideN/AMechanism of Action of Captopril + HydrochlorothiazideN/APharmacokinets of Captopril + HydrochlorothiazideN/AOnset of Action for Captopril + HydrochlorothiazideN/ADuration of Action for Captopril + HydrochlorothiazideN/AHalf Life of Captopril + HydrochlorothiazideN/ASide Effects of Captopril + HydrochlorothiazideN/AContra-indications of Captopril + HydrochlorothiazideN/ASpecial Precautions while taking Captopril + HydrochlorothiazideN/APregnancy Related InformationContraindicatedOld Age Related InformationN/ABreast Feeding Related InformationContraindicated;since Hydrochlorthiazide is contraindicated in breast feeding the combination generic cannot be used in breast feeding motherChildren Related InformationN/AIndications for Captopril + HydrochlorothiazideIt is a combination of ACE inhibitor Captopril and Thiazide diuretic Hydrochlorothiazide.
1.Hypertension
Interactions for Captopril + HydrochlorothiazideN/ATypical Dosage for Captopril + HydrochlorothiazideAdult: 1 tablet to be taken once dailySchedule of Captopril + HydrochlorothiazideN/AStorage Requirements for Captopril + HydrochlorothiazideN/AEffects of Missed Dosage of Captopril + HydrochlorothiazideN/AEffects of Overdose of Captopril + HydrochlorothiazideN/ACaptopril
About CaptoprilA specific competitive Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor, Antihypertensive.Mechanism of Action of CaptoprilIt is an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor prevents the conversion of angiotensin-1 to angiotensin-2 and abolishes the pressor actions of angiotensin. It decreases aldosterone secretion, sodium and water retention, and total peripheral resistance, leads to fall in BP. The arterioles dilate and the compliance of larger arteries is increased. Both systolic and diastolic BP is lowered. It has no effect on cardiac output and cardiovascular reflexes. And there is little dilatation of capacitance vessels; so postural hypotension is not a problem. The drug does not compromise renal, cerebral, and coronary blood flow. BP lowering depending up on sodium status and renin angiotensin activity. So greater fall in BP occurs in Reno vascular accelerated and malignant hypertension. The drug also increases plasma kinin levels and potentiate the hypotensive action of exogenously administered bradykinin. It is used for treatment of systolic heart failure, because it improves symptoms, decrease mortality and reduce ventricular hypertrophy. It reduces both preload and after load and thus increasing cardiac out put in patients with heart failure.Pharmacokinets of CaptoprilAbsorption: Well absorbed orally, food reduces absorption. Distribution: Widely distributed, but poor brain penetration. Metabolism: About 50% is metabolized in liver, Excretion: Excreted mainly through urine and a small amount is excreted through faeces.Onset of Action for Captopril15 minutesDuration of Action for Captopril6 to 12 hoursHalf Life of Captopril2 to 3 hoursSide Effects of Captopril1.Cough
2.Angioedema
3.Hypotension
4.Hyperkalemia
5.Rashes
6.Urticaria
7.Swelling of lips, mouth, nose, and larynx
8.Dysguesia
9.Fetopathic in later half of pregnancy
10.Headache
11.Dizziness
12.Nausea
13.Granulocytopenia(rare)
14.Proteinuria(rare)
15.Acute renal failure is precipitated in renal artery stenosis
16.Transient increase in liver enzymes.
Contra-indications of Captopril1.Hypersensitivity to the drug
2.Renal impairment
3.Aortic stenosis.
Special Precautions while taking Captopril1.Renal impairment
2.Severe autoimmune diseases
3.Sodium depletion should be corrected before starting therapy
4.Anaesthesia
5.Use cautiously along with drug that affects WBC counts or immune response
Pregnancy Related InformationContraindicatedOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationUse with cautionChildren Related InformationUse with cautionIndications for Captopril1.Hypertension
2.Heart failure
3.Left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction
4.Diabetic nephropathy
Interactions for CaptoprilAntacids: Decrease efficacy of Captopril.
Indomethacin: Reduces hypotensive effect.
Digoxin: Increases plasma digoxin levels.
Potassium preparations & Postassium sparing diuretics: Hyperkalaemia and increased risk of renal failure.
Lithium: Toxicity due to increased serum concentration of Lithium.
Immunosuppressive Drugs: Increased risk of bone marrow depression.
Antidepressants, Diuretics, b-Blockers, Phenothiazines: Enhance hypotensive effect.
Morphine: Enhanced analgesic effect and respiratory depression.
Typical Dosage for Captopril25mg 12th hourly or 8th hourly. Increases the dose after 1 to 2 weeks to 50mg 8th hourly. If patient`s response is inadequate, a diuretic may be added. Dosage may further increases to 100mg 8th hourly based on patient`s response if required.
Maximum dose: 450mg/day
Children:0.15mg/kg/day once daily or in 3 to 6 divided doses.
Heart failure: 25mg 8th hourly. Increases to 25 to 50mg 8th hourly if required. In patients on diuretic therapy starts the therapy with an initial dosage of 6.25 to 12.5 mg 8th hourly.
Left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction: Give 6.25mg orally as a single dose 3days after myocardial infarction. Then 12.5mg 8th hourly and gradually increases
to 25mg or50mg 8th hourly.
Diabetic nephropathy: 25mg 8th hourly.
Schedule of CaptoprilHStorage Requirements for CaptoprilStore at controlled room temperature at a range of 15 to 30 degree C.Effects of Missed Dosage of CaptoprilTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose. Continue the regular schedule. Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of CaptoprilTreatment is supportive and symptomatic. To remove drug from the body perform induced emesis and gastric lavage. Administer activated charcoal to reduce absorption In severe cases haemodialysis is considered if required. Treatment includes I.V. infusion of normal saline solutionHydrochlorothiazide
About HydrochlorothiazideThiazide derivatibve, Diuretic.Mechanism of Action of HydrochlorothiazideIt is thiazide diuretic which exerts its action by acting at site-3(central dilating segment of early distal tubule). It binds to Na+Cl- symporter and inhibits Na+Cl- symport at the luminal membrane. It has additional carbonic anhydrase inhibitory actions in proximal tubules. It increases natriuresis, kaliuresis and diuresis. It decreases Ca2+ excretion and increases Mg2+excretion. It also has minor carbonic anhydrase inhibitory action. It also causes direct arteriolar vasodilatation and decreases total peripheral resistance. The antihypertensive actions of the drug may be attributable to depletion of sodium and subsequent reduction in plasma volume and a decrease in peripheral resistance. Decrease in peripheral resistance is due to either the loss of sodium from the arteriolar wall or a direct action on the vascular bed. It is an effective drug in edema associated with congestive heart failure.
Vertigo: Diuretics are used in vertigo in assumption that vertigo is due to endolymphatic hydrops. They reduce labyrinthine fluid pressure
Pharmacokinets of HydrochlorothiazideAbsorption: It is absorbed after oral administration.
Metabolism: It is not metabolized in the body.
Excretion: Excreted unchanged in urine.
Onset of Action for Hydrochlorothiazide1 to 3 hoursDuration of Action for Hydrochlorothiazide12 to 16 hoursHalf Life of Hydrochlorothiazide5 to 15 hoursSide Effects of Hydrochlorothiazide1. Dizziness
2. Blurred vision
3. Confusion
4. Tingling fingers
5. Dry mouth
6. Nausea
7. Diarrhoea
8. Constipation
9. Vomiting
10. Weakness
11. Hypokalaemia
12. Hyponatraemia
13. Hyperuricaemia
14. Elevated levels of glucose, calcium and lipids
15. Gastro intestinal disturbances
16. Polyuria
17. Electrolyte imbalance
18. Jaundice
19. Rashes
20. Photosensitivity
21. Fever
22. Itching
23. Myalgia
24. Muscle cramps
25. Arthralgia
26. Blood dyscrasias
27. Ototoxicity
Contra-indications of Hydrochlorothiazide1. Hyper uricaemia
2. Hyper calcaemia
3. Renal impairment
4. Hepatic impairment
5. Anuria
6. Hypersensitivity to the drug
7. Hyper sensitivity to sulfonamides
8. Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
Special Precautions while taking Hydrochlorothiazide1. Gout
2. Diabetes mellitus
3. Renal impairment
4. Hepatic impairment
5. Monitor and correct Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
6. Hyper parathyroidism
7. Cirrhosis
Pregnancy Related InformationContraindicatedOld Age Related InformationUse with cautionBreast Feeding Related InformationContraindicatedChildren Related InformationMay be usedIndications for Hydrochlorothiazide1. Hypertension
2. Oedema associated with heart failure
3. Oedema due to renal and hepatic diseases
4. Diabetes insipidus
5. Idiopathic hypercalciurea.
6. Vertigo
Interactions for HydrochlorothiazideCholestyramine & Colestipol: decrease absorption of hydrochlorothiazide.
Diazoxide: Additive action - may cause hyperglycemia, hyperuricaemia and hypotension.
Digitalis: Diuretics induced hypokalaemia may precipitate digitalis toxicity.
Lithium: Hydrochlorothiazide potentiates therapeutic and toxic effects by increasing its renal excretion.
Frusemide: Synergy leading to profound diuresis and greater than predicted electrolyte loss.
Non-depolarizing muscle relaxants: Diuretics induced hypokalaemia enhances efficacy.
Sulfonylureas: Efficacy decreased due to hydrochlorothiazide induced glucose intolerance.
Chlorpropamide: Hypokalaemia.
Propantheline: Bioavailability of hydrochlorothiazide increased.
Metoclopramide: Bioavailability of hydrochlorothiazide decreased.
NSAIDs: Natriuretic effect of hydrochlorothiazide decreased.
Typical Dosage for HydrochlorothiazideAdults:
Hypertension: 25mg once daily or in divided doses. Increased to 50mg if required; depending up on the patient`s response.
Children: 1mg/kg single daily dose.
Oedema:
Adults:
Starts with 25 to 50mg. Increased the dose until desired response is obtained.
Maximum dose: 200mg/day
Maintenance dosage: 25 to 100mg daily or on alternate days.
Children: 1mg/kg single daily dose or 1 to 3mg/kg/day in two divided doses
Schedule of HydrochlorothiazideGStorage Requirements for HydrochlorothiazideStore at room temperature in a well closed container and protected from light.Effects of Missed Dosage of HydrochlorothiazideTake the missed dose as soon as noticed and if it is the time for next dose then skip the missed dose.Continue the regular schedule.Do not double the dose.Effects of Overdose of HydrochlorothiazideTreatment is supportive and symptomatic. Remove drug from the body by induced emesis and gastric lavage. Monitor and assist respiratory, cardiovascular, and renal function as indicated. Monitor and support fluid and electrolyte balance.Home Delivery for Captopril + Hydrochlorothiazide in Your City
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